F07.04 - Hydrogen Embrittlement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Plating/coating Processes—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts during manufacture by verifying strict controls during production operations such as surface preparation, pretreatments, and plating/coating. It is also intended to be used as a qualification test for new plating/coating processes and as a periodic inspection audit for the control of a plating/coating process.  
5.2 Service Environment—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts (plated/coated or bare) due to contact with chemicals during manufacturing, overhaul and service life. The details of testing in a service environment are found in Annex A5.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes mechanical test methods and defines acceptance criteria for coating and plating processes that can cause hydrogen embrittlement in steels. Subsequent exposure to chemicals encountered in service environments, such as fluids, cleaning treatments or maintenance chemicals that come in contact with the plated/coated or bare surface of the steel, can also be evaluated.  
1.2 This test method is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of different steels. The relative susceptibility of different materials to hydrogen embrittlement may be determined in accordance with Test Method F1459 and Test Method F1624.  
1.3 This test method specifies the use of air melted SAE 4340 steel (Grade A, see 7.1.1) per SAE AMS 6415 (formerly SAE AMS-S-5000 and formerly MIL-S-5000) or an alternative VAR (Vacuum Arc Remelt) SAE 4340 steel (Grade B, see 7.1.1) per SAE AMS 6414, and both are heat treated to 260 to 280 ksi (pounds per square inch ×1000) as the baseline. This combination of alloy and heat treat level has been used for many years and a large database has been accumulated in the aerospace industry on its specific response to exposure to a wide variety of maintenance chemicals, or electroplated coatings, or both. Components with ultimate strengths higher than 260 to 280 ksi may not be represented by the baseline. In such cases, the cognizant engineering authority shall determine the need for manufacturing specimens from the specific material and heat treat condition of the component. Deviations from the baseline shall be reported as required by 12.1.2. The sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement shall be demonstrated for each lot of specimens as specified in 9.5.
Note 1: Extensive testing has shown that VAR 4340 steel may be used as an alternative to the air melted steel with no loss in sensitivity.2
Note 2: VAR 4340 also meets the requirements in AMS 6415 and could be used as an alternative to air melt steel by the steel suppliers because AMS 6415 does not specify a melting practice.  
1.4 Test procedures and acceptance requirements are specified for seven specimens of different sizes, geometries, and loading configurations.  
1.5 Pass/Fail Requirements—For plating/coating processes, specimens must meet or exceed 200 h using a sustained load test (SLT) at the levels shown in Table 3.  
1.5.1 The loading conditions and pass/fail requirements for service environments are specified in Annex A5.  
1.5.2 If approved by the cognizant engineering authority, a quantitative, accelerated (≤ 24 h) incremental step-load (ISL) test as defined in Annex A3 may be used as an alternative to SLT.  
1.6 This test method is divided into two parts. The first part gives general information concerning requirements for hydrogen embrittlement testing. The second is composed of annexes that give specific requirements for the various loading and specimen configurations covered by this test method (see section 9.1 for a list of types) and the details for testing service environments.  
1.7 The values stated in the foot-pound-second (fps) system in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conv...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Hydrogen is evolved during metal electrodeposition in aqueous baths. Some of this hydrogen enters parts during plating. If the absorbed hydrogen is at a level presenting embrittlement hazards to high-strength steel, it is removed by baking parts after plating to expel this hydrogen. However, the lack of plate porosity itself may block hydrogen egress. Thus, it becomes important to know both the relative amount of hydrogen absorbed and the plate porosity.  
5.2 This test provides a quantitative control number for cadmium plate porosity that can be used to control a cadmium plating process and the status of cadmium-plated hardware. It can also be used for plating process troubleshooting and research and development to determine the effects on plate porosity by process variables, contaminants, and materials. When used to control a critical process, control numbers for plate porosity must be determined by correlation with stress rupture specimens or other acceptable standards.  
5.3 There is no prime standard for plate porosity. For this reason, two ovens must be used, with tests alternated between ovens. Data from the ovens are compared to ensure no equipment change has occurred.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an electronic hydrogen detection instrument procedure for measurement of plating permeability to hydrogen. This method measures a variable related to hydrogen absorbed by steel during plating and to the hydrogen permeability of the plate during post plate baking. A specific application of this method is controlling cadmium-plating processes in which the plate porosity relative to hydrogen is critical, such as cadmium on high-strength steel.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statement, see Section 8.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The terms used in describing hydrogen embrittlement have precise definitions. The terminology and its proper usage must be completely understood to communicate and transfer information adequately within the field.  
3.2 The terms defined in other terminology standards are respectively identified in parentheses following the definition.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms, abbreviations, and symbols relating to mechanical methods for hydrogen embrittlement testing. These definitions are published to encourage uniformity of terminology in product specifications.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used for research, design, service evaluation, manufacturing control, and development. This test method quantitatively measures stress parameters that are used in a design or failure analysis that takes into account the effects of environmental exposure including that which occurs during processing, such as plating (8) (ASTM STP 962).  
5.2 For plating processes, the value of σth-IHE is used to specify quantitatively the maximum operating stress for a given structure or product.  
5.3 For quality control purposes, an accelerated test is devised that uses a specified loading rate, which is equal to or lower than the loading rate necessary to determine the threshold stress (see 8.1).  
5.4 For fasteners, the value of σth-IHE is used to specify quantitatively the maximum stress during installation and in service to avoid premature failure caused by residual hydrogen in the steel as a result of processing.  
5.5 For fasteners, the value of σth-EHE is used to specify quantitatively the maximum stress during installation and in service to avoid failure from hydrogen absorbed during exposure to a specific environment.  
5.6 To measure the relative susceptibility of steels to hydrogen pickup from various fabrication processes, a single, selected, discriminating rate is used to rank the resistance of various materials to hydrogen embrittlement.  
5.7 Annex A1 describes the application of this standard test method to hydrogen embrittlement testing of fasteners.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method establishes a procedure to measure the susceptibility of steel to a time-delayed failure such as that caused by hydrogen. It does so by measuring the threshold for the onset of subcritical crack growth using standard fracture mechanics specimens, irregular-shaped specimens such as notched round bars, or actual product such as fasteners (2) (threaded or unthreaded) springs or components as identified in SAE J78, J81, and J1237.  
1.2 This test method is used to evaluate quantitatively:  
1.2.1 The relative susceptibility of steels of different composition or a steel with different heat treatments;  
1.2.2 The effect of residual hydrogen in the steel as a result of processing, such as melting, thermal mechanical working, surface treatments, coatings, and electroplating;  
1.2.3 The effect of hydrogen introduced into the steel caused by external environmental sources of hydrogen, such as fluids and cleaners maintenance chemicals, petrochemical products, and galvanic coupling in an aqueous environment.  
1.3 The test is performed either in air, to measure the effect if residual hydrogen is in the steel because of the processing (IHE), or in a controlled environment, to measure the effect of hydrogen introduced into the steel as a result of the external sources of hydrogen (EHE) as detailed in ASTM STP 543.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: The values stated in metric units may not be exact equivalents. Conversion of the inch-pound units by appropriate conversion factors is required to obtain exact equivalence.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method will provide a guide for the choice of metallic materials for applications in high pressure hydrogen gas.  
4.2 The value of the PHe/PH2 ratio will be a relative indication of the severity of degradation of the mechanical properties to be expected in hydrogen.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the susceptibility of metallic materials to hydrogen embrittlement, when exposed to high pressure gaseous hydrogen.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The critical level of hydrogen in steels is that hydrogen which can build up to high concentrations at points of high triaxial stress causing embrittlement of the steel which can lead to catastrophic damage. This hydrogen can enter by various means, such as during pickling and electroplating. Means of reducing this hydrogen during processing are given in Specification B766 and Practices B183 and B242. It is still necessary, however, to know how effective these methods are. Though the ultimate reason for measuring this hydrogen is to relate it to embrittlement, this is not within the scope of this test method. As susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement is a function of alloy type, heat treatment, intended use,and so forth, the tolerance for hydrogen must be determined by the user according to Method F519.  
4.2 Though the actual hydrogen concentration is not determined in this test method, the current densities have been shown to be useful as an indication of relative hydrogen concentrations  (1-3),3 and therefore the degree of hydrogen embrittlement (1,2). Thus, measurements can be compared to one another (see 4.1 and 7.1).  
4.3 This test method is applicable as a quality control tool for processing (such as to monitor plating and baking) or to measure hydrogen uptake caused by corrosion.  
4.4 This test method is nondestructive; however, if there is a coating, it must be removed by a method which has been demonstrated to neither damage the steel nor introduce hydrogen to make the measurement.  
4.5 This test method is also applicable to situations producing continuous hydrogen permeation, such as high pressure hydrogen cylinders or corrosion processes. The results, however, would require a different treatment and interpretation (4).  
4.6 This test method is also applicable to small parts, such as fasteners. The technique, procedure, and interpretation would, however, have to be altered.  
4.7 Use of this test method on austenitic stainless steels and o...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for measuring diffusible hydrogen in steels by an electrochemical method.  
1.2 This test method is limited to carbon or alloy steels, excluding austenitic stainless steels.  
1.3 This test method is limited to flat specimens to which the cell can be attached (see 4.6 and 4.8).  
1.4 This test method describes testing on bare or plated steel after the plate has been removed (see 4.4).  
1.5 This test method is limited to measurements at room temperature, 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F).  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Plating/coating Processes—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts during manufacture by verifying strict controls during production operations such as surface preparation, pretreatments, and plating/coating. It is also intended to be used as a qualification test for new plating/coating processes and as a periodic inspection audit for the control of a plating/coating process.  
5.2 Service Environment—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts (plated/coated or bare) due to contact with chemicals during manufacturing, overhaul and service life. The details of testing in a service environment are found in Annex A5.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes mechanical test methods and defines acceptance criteria for coating and plating processes that can cause hydrogen embrittlement in steels. Subsequent exposure to chemicals encountered in service environments, such as fluids, cleaning treatments or maintenance chemicals that come in contact with the plated/coated or bare surface of the steel, can also be evaluated.  
1.2 This test method is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of different steels. The relative susceptibility of different materials to hydrogen embrittlement may be determined in accordance with Test Method F1459 and Test Method F1624.  
1.3 This test method specifies the use of air melted SAE 4340 steel (Grade A, see 7.1.1) per SAE AMS 6415 (formerly SAE AMS-S-5000 and formerly MIL-S-5000) or an alternative VAR (Vacuum Arc Remelt) SAE 4340 steel (Grade B, see 7.1.1) per SAE AMS 6414, and both are heat treated to 260 to 280 ksi (pounds per square inch ×1000) as the baseline. This combination of alloy and heat treat level has been used for many years and a large database has been accumulated in the aerospace industry on its specific response to exposure to a wide variety of maintenance chemicals, or electroplated coatings, or both. Components with ultimate strengths higher than 260 to 280 ksi may not be represented by the baseline. In such cases, the cognizant engineering authority shall determine the need for manufacturing specimens from the specific material and heat treat condition of the component. Deviations from the baseline shall be reported as required by 12.1.2. The sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement shall be demonstrated for each lot of specimens as specified in 9.5.
Note 1: Extensive testing has shown that VAR 4340 steel may be used as an alternative to the air melted steel with no loss in sensitivity.2
Note 2: VAR 4340 also meets the requirements in AMS 6415 and could be used as an alternative to air melt steel by the steel suppliers because AMS 6415 does not specify a melting practice.  
1.4 Test procedures and acceptance requirements are specified for seven specimens of different sizes, geometries, and loading configurations.  
1.5 Pass/Fail Requirements—For plating/coating processes, specimens must meet or exceed 200 h using a sustained load test (SLT) at the levels shown in Table 3.    
1.5.1 The loading conditions and pass/fail requirements for service environments are specified in Annex A5.  
1.5.2 If approved by the cognizant engineering authority, a quantitative, accelerated (≤ 24 h) incremental step-load (ISL) test as defined in Annex A3 may be used as an alternative to SLT.  
1.6 This test method is divided into two parts. The first part gives general information concerning requirements for hydrogen embrittlement testing. The second is composed of annexes that give specific requirements for the various loading and specimen configurations covered by this test method (see section 9.1 for a list of types) and the details for testing service environments.  
1.7 The values stated in the foot-pound-second (fps) system in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical c...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Plating/coating Processes—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts during manufacture by verifying strict controls during production operations such as surface preparation, pretreatments, and plating/coating. It is also intended to be used as a qualification test for new plating/coating processes and as a periodic inspection audit for the control of a plating/coating process.  
5.2 Service Environment—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts (plated/coated or bare) due to contact with chemicals during manufacturing, overhaul and service life. The details of testing in a service environment are found in Annex A5.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes mechanical test methods and defines acceptance criteria for coating and plating processes that can cause hydrogen embrittlement in steels. Subsequent exposure to chemicals encountered in service environments, such as fluids, cleaning treatments or maintenance chemicals that come in contact with the plated/coated or bare surface of the steel, can also be evaluated.  
1.2 This test method is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of different steels. The relative susceptibility of different materials to hydrogen embrittlement may be determined in accordance with Test Method F1459 and Test Method F1624.  
1.3 This test method specifies the use of air melted SAE 4340 steel (Grade A, see 7.1.1) per SAE AMS 6415 (formerly SAE AMS-S-5000 and formerly MIL-S-5000) or an alternative VAR (Vacuum Arc Remelt) SAE 4340 steel (Grade B, see 7.1.1) per SAE AMS 6414, and both are heat treated to 260 to 280 ksi (pounds per square inch ×1000) as the baseline. This combination of alloy and heat treat level has been used for many years and a large database has been accumulated in the aerospace industry on its specific response to exposure to a wide variety of maintenance chemicals, or electroplated coatings, or both. Components with ultimate strengths higher than 260 to 280 ksi may not be represented by the baseline. In such cases, the cognizant engineering authority shall determine the need for manufacturing specimens from the specific material and heat treat condition of the component. Deviations from the baseline shall be reported as required by 12.1.2. The sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement shall be demonstrated for each lot of specimens as specified in 9.5.
Note 1: Extensive testing has shown that VAR 4340 steel may be used as an alternative to the air melted steel with no loss in sensitivity.2
Note 2: VAR 4340 also meets the requirements in AMS 6415 and could be used as an alternative to air melt steel by the steel suppliers because AMS 6415 does not specify a melting practice.  
1.4 Test procedures and acceptance requirements are specified for seven specimens of different sizes, geometries, and loading configurations.  
1.5 Pass/Fail Requirements—For plating/coating processes, specimens must meet or exceed 200 h using a sustained load test (SLT) at the levels shown in Table 3. (A) If the hardness requirements of any of the sampled specimens are not satisfied, only those specimens of the lot that are individually inspected for conformance to these requirements shall be used for testing.  (A) Addition of sodium hydroxide may not be required on solution makeup, since the addition of 1 oz/gal of cadmium oxide is equivalent to 0.6 oz/gal of free hydroxide.(B) The sole source of manufacture of Colcad 100 known to the committee at this time is Columbia Chemical in Brunswick, Ohio, www.columbiachemical.com. If you are aware of alternative manufacturers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.(C) After baking, the specimens shall be dipped into any appropriate chromate conversi...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Hydrogen is evolved during metal electrodeposition in aqueous baths. Some of this hydrogen enters parts during plating. If the absorbed hydrogen is at a level presenting embrittlement hazards to high-strength steel, it is removed by baking parts after plating to expel this hydrogen. However, the lack of plate porosity itself may block hydrogen egress. Thus, it becomes important to know both the relative amount of hydrogen absorbed and the plate porosity.  
5.2 This test provides a quantitative control number for cadmium plate porosity that can be used to control a cadmium plating process and the status of cadmium-plated hardware. It can also be used for plating process troubleshooting and research and development to determine the effects on plate porosity by process variables, contaminants, and materials. When used to control a critical process, control numbers for plate porosity must be determined by correlation with stress rupture specimens or other acceptable standards.  
5.3 There is no prime standard for plate porosity. For this reason, two ovens must be used, with tests alternated between ovens. Data from the ovens are compared to ensure no equipment change has occurred.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an electronic hydrogen detection instrument procedure for measurement of plating permeability to hydrogen. This method measures a variable related to hydrogen absorbed by steel during plating and to the hydrogen permeability of the plate during post plate baking. A specific application of this method is controlling cadmium-plating processes in which the plate porosity relative to hydrogen is critical, such as cadmium on high-strength steel.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statement, see Section 8.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Plating/coating Processes—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts during manufacture by verifying strict controls during production operations such as surface preparation, pretreatments, and plating/coating. It is also intended to be used as a qualification test for new plating/coating processes and as a periodic inspection audit for the control of a plating/coating process.  
5.2 Service Environment—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts (plated/coated or bare) due to contact with chemicals during manufacturing, overhaul and service life. The details of testing in a service environment are found in Annex A5.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes mechanical test methods and defines acceptance criteria for coating and plating processes that can cause hydrogen embrittlement in steels. Subsequent exposure to chemicals encountered in service environments, such as fluids, cleaning treatments or maintenance chemicals that come in contact with the plated/coated or bare surface of the steel, can also be evaluated.  
1.2 This test method is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of different steels. The relative susceptibility of different materials to hydrogen embrittlement may be determined in accordance with Test Method F1459 and Test Method F1624.  
1.3 This test method specifies the use of air melted AISI E4340 steel per SAE AMS-S-5000 (formerly MIL-S-5000) heat treated to 260 to 280 ksi (pounds per square inch ×1000) as the baseline. This combination of alloy and heat treat level has been used for many years and a large database has been accumulated in the aerospace industry on its specific response to exposure to a wide variety of maintenance chemicals, or electroplated coatings, or both. Components with ultimate strengths higher than 260 to 280 ksi may not be represented by the baseline. In such cases, the cognizant engineering authority shall determine the need for manufacturing specimens from the specific material and heat treat condition of the component. Deviations from the baseline shall be reported as required by 12.1.2. The sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement shall be demonstrated for each lot of specimens as specified in 9.5.  
1.4 Test procedures and acceptance requirements are specified for seven specimens of different sizes, geometries, and loading configurations.  
1.5 Pass/Fail Requirements—For plating/coating processes, specimens must meet or exceed 200 h using a sustained load test (SLT) at the levels shown in Table 3. (A) If the hardness requirements of any of the sampled specimens are not satisfied, only those specimens of the lot that are individually inspected for conformance to these requirements shall be used for testing.  (A) Addition of sodium hydroxide may not be required on solution makeup, since the addition of 1 oz/gal of cadmium oxide is equivalent to 0.6 oz/gal of free hydroxide.(B) The sole source of manufacture of Colcad 100 known to the committee at this time is Columbia Chemical in Brunswick, Ohio, www.columbiachemical.com. If you are aware of alternative manufacturers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.(C) After baking, the specimens shall be dipped into any appropriate chromate conversion coating solution for minimum time that will produce an adherent and continuous coating as described in AMS-QQ-P-416 Type II.    
1.5.1 The loading conditions and pass/fail requirements for service environments are specified in Annex A5.  
1.5.2 If approved by the cognizant engineering authority, a quantitative, accelerated (≤ 24 h) incremental step-load (ISL) test as defined in Annex A3 may be used as an alternative to SLT.  
1.6 This test method is divided into two parts. Th...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The terms used in describing hydrogen embrittlement have precise definitions. The terminology and its proper usage must be completely understood to communicate and transfer information adequately within the field.  
3.2 The terms defined in other terminology standards, are respectively identified in parentheses following the definition.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms, abbreviations, and symbols relating to mechanical methods for hydrogen embrittlement testing, which are present in more than one of the standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 on Aerospace and Aircraft. These definitions are published to encourage uniformity of terminology in product specifications.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Plating/coating Processes—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts during manufacture by verifying strict controls during production operations such as surface preparation, pretreatments, and plating/coating. It is also intended to be used as a qualification test for new plating/coating processes and as a periodic inspection audit for the control of a plating/coating process.  
5.2 Service Environment—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts (plated/coated or bare) due to contact with chemicals during manufacturing, overhaul and service life. The details of testing in a service environment are found in Annex A5.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes mechanical test methods and defines acceptance criteria for coating and plating processes that can cause hydrogen embrittlement in steels. Subsequent exposure to chemicals encountered in service environments, such as fluids, cleaning treatments or maintenance chemicals that come in contact with the plated/coated or bare surface of the steel, can also be evaluated.  
1.2 This test method is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of different steels. The relative susceptibility of different materials to hydrogen embrittlement may be determined in accordance with Test Method F1459 and Test Method F1624.  
1.3 This test method specifies the use of air melted AISI E4340 steel per SAE AMS-S-5000 (formerly MIL-S-5000) heat treated to 260 to 280 ksi (pounds per square inch ×1000) as the baseline. This combination of alloy and heat treat level has been used for many years and a large database has been accumulated in the aerospace industry on its specific response to exposure to a wide variety of maintenance chemicals, or electroplated coatings, or both. Components with ultimate strengths higher than 260 to 280 ksi may not be represented by the baseline. In such cases, the cognizant engineering authority shall determine the need for manufacturing specimens from the specific material and heat treat condition of the component. Deviations from the baseline shall be reported as required by 12.1.2. The sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement shall be demonstrated for each lot of specimens as specified in 9.5.  
1.4 Test procedures and acceptance requirements are specified for seven specimens of different sizes, geometries, and loading configurations.  
1.5 Pass/Fail Requirements—For plating/coating processes, specimens must meet or exceed 200 h using a sustained load test (SLT) at the levels shown in Table 3.  
1.5.1 The loading conditions and pass/fail requirements for service environments are specified in Annex A5.  
1.5.2 If approved by the cognizant engineering authority, a quantitative, accelerated (≤ 24 h) incremental step-load (ISL) test as defined in Annex A3 may be used as an alternative to SLT.  
1.6 This test method is divided into two parts. The first part gives general information concerning requirements for hydrogen embrittlement testing. The second is composed of annexes that give specific requirements for the various loading and specimen configurations covered by this test method (see section 9.1 for a list of types) and the details for testing service environments.  
1.7 The values stated in the foot-pound-second (fps) system in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Plating/coating Processes—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts during manufacture by verifying strict controls during production operations such as surface preparation, pretreatments, and plating/coating. It is also intended to be used as a qualification test for new plating/coating processes and as a periodic inspection audit for the control of a plating/coating process.  
5.2 Service Environment—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts (plated/coated or bare) due to contact with chemicals during manufacturing, overhaul and service life. The details of testing in a service environment are found in Annex A5.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes mechanical test methods and defines acceptance criteria for coating and plating processes that can cause hydrogen embrittlement in steels. Subsequent exposure to chemicals encountered in service environments, such as fluids, cleaning treatments or maintenance chemicals that come in contact with the plated/coated or bare surface of the steel, can also be evaluated.  
1.2 This test method is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of different steels. The relative susceptibility of different materials to hydrogen embrittlement may be determined in accordance with Test Method F1459 and Test Method F1624.  
1.3 This test method specifies the use of air melted AISI E4340 steel per SAE AMS-S-5000 (formerly MIL-S-5000) heat treated to 260 to 280 ksi (pounds per square inch ×1000) as the baseline. This combination of alloy and heat treat level has been used for many years and a large database has been accumulated in the aerospace industry on its specific response to exposure to a wide variety of maintenance chemicals, or electroplated coatings, or both. Components with ultimate strengths higher than 260 to 280 ksi may not be represented by the baseline. In such cases, the cognizant engineering authority shall determine the need for manufacturing specimens from the specific material and heat treat condition of the component. Deviations from the baseline shall be reported as required by 12.1.2. The sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement shall be demonstrated for each lot of specimens as specified in 9.5.  
1.4 Test procedures and acceptance requirements are specified for seven specimens of different sizes, geometries, and loading configurations.  
1.5 Pass/Fail Requirements—For plating/coating processes, specimens must meet or exceed 200 h using a sustained load test (SLT) at the levels shown in Table 3.TABLE 1 Lot Acceptance Criteria for Notched Specimens    
Type  
Item  
Sampling of
Each Lot  
Requirement/Method  
1  
Tensile Strength  
4 each  
Test Method E8. Tensile strength of each specimen must be within 10 ksi of the average.  
1  
HardnessA  
5 %  
51 to 53 HRC per Test Methods E18.
Round the average of
three readings per
specimen per Practice
E29.  
1  
Dimensions  
100 %  
Meet tolerances of
corresponding
drawings. Notch
dimension verified with
shadow graphic
projection at 50 to
100× or equivalent.  
1  
Notched Fracture Strength (NFS)  
10 ea  
Test Methods E8/E8M. NFS of each specimen
must be within 10 ksi
of the average.  
1c  
Self-loading
notched round
specimen bend
fixture, Fig. A2.7  
10 ea  
Alternate: The number of
turns of the loading
bolt, which is required
to produce fracture in
each specimen, must be
within 5 % of the
average.  
1d  
Self-loading
notched C-Ring
bend fixture,
Fig. A2.8  
10 ea  
Alternate: The change in
diameter at fracture
load for each specimen
must be within 0.008
inches of the average. A If the hardness requirements of any of the sampled specimens are not satisfied, only those specimens of the lot that are individually inspected for conformance t...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Hydrogen is evolved during metal electrodeposition in aqueous baths. Some of this hydrogen enters parts during plating. If the absorbed hydrogen is at a level presenting embrittlement hazards to high-strength steel, it is removed by baking parts after plating to expel this hydrogen. However, the lack of plate porosity itself may block hydrogen egress. Thus, it becomes important to know both the relative amount of hydrogen absorbed and the plate porosity.  
5.2 This test provides a quantitative control number for cadmium plate porosity that can be used to control a cadmium plating process and the status of cadmium-plated hardware. It can also be used for plating process troubleshooting and research and development to determine the effects on plate porosity by process variables, contaminants, and materials. When used to control a critical process, control numbers for plate porosity must be determined by correlation with stress rupture specimens or other acceptable standards.  
5.3 There is no prime standard for plate porosity. For this reason, two ovens must be used, with tests alternated between ovens. Data from the ovens are compared to ensure no equipment change has occurred.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an electronic hydrogen detection instrument procedure for measurement of plating permeability to hydrogen. This method measures a variable related to hydrogen absorbed by steel during plating and to the hydrogen permeability of the plate during post plate baking. A specific application of this method is controlling cadmium-plating processes in which the plate porosity relative to hydrogen is critical, such as cadmium on high-strength steel.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statement, see Section 8.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used for research, design, service evaluation, manufacturing control, and development. This test method quantitatively measures stress parameters that are used in a design or failure analysis that takes into account the effects of environmental exposure including that which occurs during processing, such as plating (8) (ASTM STP 962).  
5.2 For plating processes, the value of σ th-IHE is used to specify quantitatively the maximum operating stress for a given structure or product.  
5.3 For quality control purposes, an accelerated test is devised that uses a specified loading rate, which is equal to or lower than the loading rate necessary to determine the threshold stress (see 8.1).  
5.4 For fasteners, the value of σth-IHE is used to specify quantitatively the maximum stress during installation and in service to avoid premature failure caused by residual hydrogen in the steel as a result of processing.  
5.5 For fasteners, the value of σth-EHE is used to specify quantitatively the maximum stress during installation and in service to avoid failure from hydrogen absorbed during exposure to a specific environment.  
5.6 To measure the relative susceptibility of steels to hydrogen pickup from various fabrication processes, a single, selected, discriminating rate is used to rank the resistance of various materials to hydrogen embrittlement.  
5.7 Annex A1 describes the application of this standard test method to hydrogen embrittlement testing of fasteners.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method establishes a procedure to measure the susceptibility of steel to a time-delayed failure such as that caused by hydrogen. It does so by measuring the threshold for the onset of subcritical crack growth using standard fracture mechanics specimens, irregular-shaped specimens such as notched round bars, or actual product such as fasteners (2) (threaded or unthreaded) springs or components as identified in SAE J78, J81, and J1237.  
1.2 This test method is used to evaluate quantitatively:  
1.2.1 The relative susceptibility of steels of different composition or a steel with different heat treatments;  
1.2.2 The effect of residual hydrogen in the steel as a result of processing, such as melting, thermal mechanical working, surface treatments, coatings, and electroplating;  
1.2.3 The effect of hydrogen introduced into the steel caused by external environmental sources of hydrogen, such as fluids and cleaners maintenance chemicals, petrochemical products, and galvanic coupling in an aqueous environment.  
1.3 The test is performed either in air, to measure the effect if residual hydrogen is in the steel because of the processing (IHE), or in a controlled environment, to measure the effect of hydrogen introduced into the steel as a result of the external sources of hydrogen (EHE) as detailed in ASTM STP 543.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.Note 1—The values stated in metric units may not be exact equivalents. Conversion of the inch-pound units by appropriate conversion factors is required to obtain exact equivalence.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Plating/coating Processes—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts during manufacture by verifying strict controls during production operations such as surface preparation, pretreatments, and plating/coating. It is also intended to be used as a qualification test for new plating/coating processes and as a periodic inspection audit for the control of a plating/coating process.
Service Environment—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts (plated/coated or bare) due to contact with chemicals during manufacturing, overhaul and service life. The details of testing in a service environment are found in Annex A5.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes mechanical test methods and defines acceptance criteria for coating and plating processes that can cause hydrogen embrittlement in steels. Subsequent exposure to chemicals encountered in service environments, such as fluids, cleaning treatments or maintenance chemicals that come in contact with the plated/coated or bare surface of the steel, can also be evaluated.
1.2 This test method is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of different steels. The relative susceptibility of different materials to hydrogen embrittlement may be determined in accordance with Test Method F1459 and Test Method F1624.
1.3 This test method specifies the use of air melted AISI E4340 steel per SAE AMS-S-5000 (formerly MIL-S-5000) heat treated to 260 – 280 ksi (pounds per square inch x 1000) as the baseline. This combination of alloy and heat treat level has been used for many years and a large database has been accumulated in the aerospace industry on its specific response to exposure to a wide variety of maintenance chemicals, or electroplated coatings, or both. Components with ultimate strengths higher than 260 – 280 ksi may not be represented by the baseline. In such cases, the cognizant engineering authority shall determine the need for manufacturing specimens from the specific material and heat treat condition of the component. Deviations from the baseline shall be reported as required by section 12.1.2. The sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement shall be demonstrated for each lot of specimens as specified in section 9.5.
1.4 Test procedures and acceptance requirements are specified for seven specimens of different sizes, geometries, and loading configurations.  
1.5 Pass/Fail Requirements—For plating/coating processes, specimens must meet or exceed 200 h using a sustained load test (SLT) at the levels shown in Table 3.
1.5.1 The loading conditions and pass/fail requirements for service environments are specified in Annex A5.
1.5.2 If approved by the cognizant engineering authority, a quantitative, accelerated (≤ 24 h) incremental step-load (ISL) test as defined in Annex A3 may be used as an alternative to SLT.
1.6 This test method is divided into two parts. The first part gives general information concerning requirements for hydrogen embrittlement testing. The second is composed of annexes that give specific requirements for the various loading and specimen configurations covered by this test method (see section 9.1 for a list of types) and the details for testing service environments.
1.7 The values stated in the foot-pound-second (fps) system in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
TABLE 1 Lot Acceptance Criteria for Notched Specimens   TypeItemSampling of
Each LotRequirement/Method ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method will provide a guide for the choice of metallic materials for applications in high pressure hydrogen gas.
The value of the PHe/PH2 ratio will be a relative indication of the severity of degradation of the mechanical properties to be expected in hydrogen.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the susceptibility of metallic materials to hydrogen embrittlement, when exposed to high pressure gaseous hydrogen.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The critical level of hydrogen in steels is that hydrogen which can build up to high concentrations at points of high triaxial stress causing embrittlement of the steel which can lead to catastrophic damage. This hydrogen can enter by various means, such as during pickling and electroplating. Means of reducing this hydrogen during processing are given in Specification B766 and Practices B183 and B242. It is still necessary, however, to know how effective these methods are. Though the ultimate reason for measuring this hydrogen is to relate it to embrittlement, this is not within the scope of this test method. As susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement is a function of alloy type, heat treatment, intended use,and so forth, the tolerance for hydrogen must be determined by the user according to Method F519.  
Though the actual hydrogen concentration is not determined in this test method, the current densities have been shown to be useful as an indication of relative hydrogen concentrations  (1-3), and therefore the degree of hydrogen embrittlement (1,2). Thus, measurements can be compared to one another (see 4.1 and 7.1).  
This test method is applicable as a quality control tool for processing (such as to monitor plating and baking) or to measure hydrogen uptake caused by corrosion.
This test method is nondestructive; however, if there is a coating, it must be removed by a method which has been demonstrated to neither damage the steel nor introduce hydrogen to make the measurement.  
This test method is also applicable to situations producing continuous hydrogen permeation, such as high pressure hydrogen cylinders or corrosion processes. The results, however, would require a different treatment and interpretation (4).
This test method is also applicable to small parts, such as fasteners. The technique, procedure, and interpretation would, however, have to be altered.
Use of this test method on austenitic stainless steels and other face centered cubic (FCC) a...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for measuring diffusible hydrogen in steels by an electrochemical method.
1.2 This test method is limited to carbon or alloy steels, excluding austenitic stainless steels.
1.3 This test method is limited to flat specimens to which the cell can be attached (see 4.6 and 4.8).  
1.4 This test method describes testing on bare or plated steel after the plate has been removed (see 4.4).
1.5 This test method is limited to measurements at room temperature, 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F).
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Plating/coating Processes—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts during manufacture by verifying strict controls during production operations such as surface preparation, pretreatments, and plating/coating. It is also intended to be used as a qualification test for new plating/coating processes and as a periodic inspection audit for the control of a plating/coating process.
Service Environment—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts (plated/coated or bare) due to contact with chemicals during manufacturing, overhaul and service life. The details of testing in a service environment are found in Annex A5.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes mechanical test methods and defines acceptance criteria for coating and plating processes that can cause hydrogen embrittlement in steels. Subsequent exposure to chemicals encountered in service environments, such as fluids, cleaning treatments or maintenance chemicals that come in contact with the plated/coated or bare surface of the steel, can also be evaluated.
1.2 This test method is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of different steels. The relative susceptibility of different materials to hydrogen embrittlement may be determined in accordance with Test Method F1459 and Test Method F1624.
1.3 This test method specifies the use of air melted AISI E4340 steel per SAE AMS-S-5000 (formerly MIL-S-5000) heat treated to 260 – 280 ksi (pounds per square inch x 1000) as the baseline. This combination of alloy and heat treat level has been used for many years and a large database has been accumulated in the aerospace industry on its specific response to exposure to a wide variety of maintenance chemicals, or electroplated coatings, or both. Components with ultimate strengths higher than 260 – 280 ksi may not be represented by the baseline. In such cases, the cognizant engineering authority shall determine the need for manufacturing specimens from the specific material and heat treat condition of the component. Deviations from the baseline shall be reported as required by section 12.1.2. The sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement shall be demonstrated for each lot of specimens as specified in section 9.5.
1.4 Test procedures and acceptance requirements are specified for seven specimens of different sizes, geometries, and loading configurations.  
1.5 Pass/Fail Requirements—For plating/coating processes, specimens must meet or exceed 200 h using a sustained load test (SLT) at the levels shown in Table 3.
1.5.1 The loading conditions and pass/fail requirements for service environments are specified in Annex A5.
1.5.2 If approved by the cognizant engineering authority, a quantitative, accelerated (≤ 24 h) incremental step-load (ISL) test as defined in Annex A3 may be used as an alternative to SLT.
1.6 This test method is divided into two parts. The first part gives general information concerning requirements for hydrogen embrittlement testing. The second is composed of annexes that give specific requirements for the various loading and specimen configurations covered by this test method (see section 9.1 for a list of types) and the details for testing service environments.
1.7 The values stated in the foot-pound-second (fps) system in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used for research, design, service evaluation, manufacturing control, and development. This test method quantitatively measures stress parameters that are used in a design or failure analysis that takes into account the effects of environmental exposure including that which occurs during processing, such as plating (8) (ASTM STP 962).
For plating processes, the value of σth-IHE is used to specify quantitatively the maximum operating stress for a given structure or product.
For quality control purposes, an accelerated test is devised that uses a specified loading rate, which is equal to or lower than the loading rate necessary to determine the threshold stress (see 8.1).
For fasteners, the value of σth-IHE is used to specify quantitatively the maximum stress during installation and in service to avoid premature failure caused by residual hydrogen in the steel as a result of processing.
For fasteners, the value of σth-EHE is used to specify quantitatively the maximum stress during installation and in service to avoid failure from hydrogen absorbed during exposure to a specific environment.
To measure the relative susceptibility of steels to hydrogen pickup from various fabrication processes, a single, selected, discriminating rate is used to rank the resistance of various materials to hydrogen embrittlement.
Annex A1 describes the application of this standard test method to hydrogen embrittlement testing of fasteners.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method establishes a procedure to measure the susceptibility of steel to a time-delayed failure such as that caused by hydrogen. It does so by measuring the threshold for the onset of subcritical crack growth using standard fracture mechanics specimens, irregular-shaped specimens such as notched round bars, or actual product such as fasteners (2) (threaded or unthreaded) springs or components as identified in SAE J78, J81, and J1237.
1.2 This test method is used to evaluate quantitatively:
1.2.1 The relative susceptibility of steels of different composition or a steel with different heat treatments;
1.2.2 The effect of residual hydrogen in the steel as a result of processing, such as melting, thermal mechanical working, surface treatments, coatings, and electroplating;
1.2.3 The effect of hydrogen introduced into the steel caused by external environmental sources of hydrogen, such as fluids and cleaners maintenance chemicals, petrochemical products, and galvanic coupling in an aqueous environment.
1.3 The test is performed either in air, to measure the effect if residual hydrogen is in the steel because of the processing (IHE), or in a controlled environment, to measure the effect of hydrogen introduced into the steel as a result of the external sources of hydrogen (EHE) as detailed in ASTM STP 543.
1.4 The values stated in acceptable inch-pound units shall be regarded as the standard. The values stated in metric units may not be exact equivalents. Conversion of the inch-pound units by appropriate conversion factors is required to obtain exact equivalence.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The terms used in describing hydrogen embrittlement have precise definitions. The terminology and its proper usage must be completely understood to communicate and transfer information adequately within the field.
The terms defined in other terminology standards, are respectively identified in parentheses following the definition.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms, abbreviations, and symbols relating to mechanical methods for hydrogen embrittlement testing, which are present in more than one of the standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 on Aerospace and Aircraft. These definitions are published to encourage uniformity of terminology in product specifications.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Plating/coating Processes—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts during manufacture by verifying strict controls during production operations such as surface preparation, pretreatments, and plating/coating. It is also intended to be used as a qualification test for new plating/coating processes and as a periodic inspection audit for the control of a plating/coating process.
Service Environment—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts (plated/coated or bare) due to contact with chemicals during manufacturing, overhaul and service life. The details of testing in a service environment are found in Annex A5.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes mechanical test methods and defines acceptance criteria for coating and plating processes that can cause hydrogen embrittlement in steels. Subsequent exposure to chemicals encountered in service environments, such as fluids, cleaning treatments or maintenance chemicals that come in contact with the plated/coated or bare surface of the steel, can also be evaluated.
1.2 This test method is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of different steels. The relative susceptibility of different materials to hydrogen embrittlement may be determined in accordance with Test Method F 1459 and Test Method F 1624.
1.3 This test method specifies the use of air melted AISI E4340 steel per SAE AMS-S-5000 (formerly MIL-S-5000) heat treated to 260 – 280 ksi (pounds per square inch x 1000) as the baseline. This combination of alloy and heat treat level has been used for many years and a large database has been accumulated in the aerospace industry on its specific response to exposure to a wide variety of maintenance chemicals, or electroplated coatings, or both. Components with ultimate strengths higher than 260 – 280 ksi may not be represented by the baseline. In such cases, the cognizant engineering authority shall determine the need for manufacturing specimens from the specific material and heat treat condition of the component. Deviations from the baseline shall be reported as required by section 12.1.2. The sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement shall be demonstrated for each lot of specimens as specified in section 9.5.
1.4 Test procedures and acceptance requirements are specified for seven specimens of different sizes, geometries, and loading configurations.  
1.5 Pass/Fail Requirements—For plating/coating processes, specimens must meet or exceed 200 h using a sustained load test (SLT) at the levels shown in Table 1.
1.5.1 The loading conditions and pass/fail requirements for service environments are specified in Annex A5.
1.5.2 If approved by the cognizant engineering authority, a quantitative, accelerated (≤ 24 h) incremental step-load (ISL) test as defined in Annex A3 may be used as an alternative to SLT.
1.6 This test method is divided into two parts. The first part gives general information concerning requirements for hydrogen embrittlement testing. The second is composed of annexes that give specific requirements for the various loading and specimen configurations covered by this test method (see section 9.1 for a list of types) and the details for testing service environments.
1.7 The values stated in the foot-pound-second (fps) system in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
p>The terms used in describing hydrogen embrittlement have precise definitions. The terminology and its proper usage must be completely understood to communicate and transfer information adequately within the field.
The terms defined in other terminology standards, are respectively identified in parentheses following the definition.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms, abbreviations, and symbols relating to mechanical methods for hydrogen embrittlement testing, which are present in more than one of the standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 on Aerospace and Aircraft. These definitions are published to encourage uniformity of terminology in product specifications.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The terms used in describing hydrogen embrittlement have precise definitions. The terminology and its proper usage must be completely understood to communicate and transfer information adequately within the field.
Some of the terms are defined in other terminology standards, which are respectively identified in parentheses following the definition.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms, abbreviations, and symbols relating to mechanical methods for hydrogen embrittlement testing. These definitions are published to encourage uniformity of terminology in product specifications.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Hydrogen is evolved during metal electrodeposition in aqueous baths. Some of this hydrogen enters parts during plating. If the absorbed hydrogen is at a level presenting embrittlement hazards to high-strength steel, it is removed by baking parts after plating to expel this hydrogen. However, the lack of plate porosity itself may block hydrogen egress. Thus, it becomes important to know both the relative amount of hydrogen absorbed and the plate porosity.
This test provides a quantitative control number for cadmium plate porosity that can be used to control a cadmium plating process and the status of cadmium-plated hardware. It can also be used for plating process troubleshooting and research and development to determine the effects on plate porosity by process variables, contaminants, and materials. When used to control a critical process, control numbers for plate porosity must be determined by correlation with stress rupture specimens or other acceptable standards.
There is no prime standard for plate porosity. For this reason, two ovens must be used, with tests alternated between ovens. Data from the ovens are compared to ensure no equipment change has occurred.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an electronic hydrogen detection instrument procedure for measurement of plating permeability to hydrogen. This method measures a variable related to hydrogen absorbed by steel during plating and to the hydrogen permeability of the plate during post plate baking. A specific application of this method is controlling cadmium-plating processes in which the plate porosity relative to hydrogen is critical, such as cadmium on high-strength steel.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statement, see Section 8.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes mechanical test methods and defines acceptance criteria for coating and plating processes that can cause hydrogen embrittlement in steels. Subsequent exposure to chemicals encountered in service environments, such as fluids, cleaning treatments or maintenance chemicals that come in contact with the plated/coated or bare surface of the steel, can also be evaluated.
1.2 This test method is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of different steels. The relative susceptibility of different materials to hydrogen embrittlement may be determined in accordance with Test Method F 1459 and Test Method F 1624.
1.3 This test method specifies the use of air melted AISI E4340 steel per SAE AMS-S-5000 (formerly MIL-S-5000) heat treated to 260 - 280 ksi (pounds per square inch x 1000) as the baseline. This combination of alloy and heat treat level has been used for many years and a large database has been accumulated in the aerospace industry on its specific response to exposure to a wide variety of maintenance chemicals, or electroplated coatings, or both. Components with ultimate strengths higher than 260 - 280 ksi may not be represented by the baseline. In such cases, the cognizant engineering authority shall determine the need for manufacturing specimens from the specific material and heat treat condition of the component. Deviations from the baseline shall be reported as required by section . The sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement shall be demonstrated for each lot of specimens as specified in section .
1.4 Test procedures and acceptance requirements are specified for seven specimens of different sizes, geometries, and loading configurations.
1.5 Pass/Fail Requirements For plating/coating processes, specimens must meet or exceed 200 h using a sustained load test (SLT) at the levels shown in Table 1.
1.5.1 The loading conditions and pass/fail requirements for service environments are specified in Annex A5.
1.5.2 If approved by the cognizant engineering authority, a quantitative, accelerated ( 24 h) incremental step-load (ISL) test as defined in Annex A3 may be used as an alternative to SLT.
1.6 This test method is divided into two parts. The first part gives general information concerning requirements for hydrogen embrittlement testing. The second is composed of annexes that give specific requirements for the various loading and specimen configurations covered by this test method (see section for a list of types) and the details for testing service environments.
1.7 The values stated in the foot-pound-second (fps) system in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Plating/coating Processes—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts during manufacture by verifying strict controls during production operations such as surface preparation, pretreatments, and plating/coating. It is also intended to be used as a qualification test for new plating/coating processes and as a periodic inspection audit for the control of a plating/coating process.
Service Environment—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts (plated/coated or bare) due to contact with chemicals during manufacturing, overhaul and service life. The details of testing in a service environment are found in Annex A5.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes mechanical test methods and defines acceptance criteria for coating and plating processes that can cause hydrogen embrittlement in steels. Subsequent exposure to chemicals encountered in service environments, such as fluids, cleaning treatments or maintenance chemicals that come in contact with the plated/coated or bare surface of the steel, can also be evaluated.
1.2 This test method is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of different steels. The relative susceptibility of different materials to hydrogen embrittlement may be determined in accordance with Test Method F 1459 and Test Method F 1624.
1.3 This test method specifies the use of air melted AISI E4340 steel per SAE AMS-S-5000 (formerly MIL-S-5000) heat treated to 260 - 280 ksi (pounds per square inch x 1000) as the baseline. This combination of alloy and heat treat level has been used for many years and a large database has been accumulated in the aerospace industry on its specific response to exposure to a wide variety of maintenance chemicals, or electroplated coatings, or both. Components with ultimate strengths higher than 260 - 280 ksi may not be represented by the baseline. In such cases, the cognizant engineering authority shall determine the need for manufacturing specimens from the specific material and heat treat condition of the component. Deviations from the baseline shall be reported as required by section 12.1.2. The sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement shall be demonstrated for each lot of specimens as specified in section 9.5.
1.4 Test procedures and acceptance requirements are specified for seven specimens of different sizes, geometries, and loading configurations.
1.5 Pass/Fail RequirementsFor plating/coating processes, specimens must meet or exceed 200 h using a sustained load test (SLT) at the levels shown in Table 3.
1.5.1 The loading conditions and pass/fail requirements for service environments are specified in Annex A5.
1.5.2 If approved by the cognizant engineering authority, a quantitative, accelerated ( 24 h) incremental step-load (ISL) test as defined in Annex A3 may be used as an alternative to SLT.
1.6 This test method is divided into two parts. The first part gives general information concerning requirements for hydrogen embrittlement testing. The second is composed of annexes that give specific requirements for the various loading and specimen configurations covered by this test method (see section 9.1 for a list of types) and the details for testing service environments.
1.7 The values stated in the foot-pound-second (fps) system in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes mechanical test methods and defines acceptance criteria for coating and plating processes that can cause hydrogen embrittlement in steels. Subsequent exposure to chemicals encountered in service environments, such as fluids, cleaning treatments or maintenance chemicals that come in contact with the plated/coated or bare surface of the steel, can also be evaluated.
1.2 This test method is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of different steels. The relative susceptibility of different materials to hydrogen embrittlement may be determined in accordance with Test Method F 1459 and Test Method F 1624.
1.3 This test method specifies the use of air melted AISI E4340 steel per SAE AMS-S-5000 (formerly MIL-S-5000) heat treated to 260 - 280 ksi (pounds per square inch x 1000) as the baseline. This combination of alloy and heat treat level has been used for many years and a large database has been accumulated in the aerospace industry on its specific response to exposure to a wide variety of maintenance chemicals, or electroplated coatings, or both. Components with ultimate strengths higher than 260 - 280 ksi may not be represented by the baseline. In such cases, the cognizant engineering authority shall determine the need for manufacturing specimens from the specific material and heat treat condition of the component. Deviations from the baseline shall be reported as required by section . The sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement shall be demonstrated for each lot of specimens as specified in section .
1.4 Test procedures and acceptance requirements are specified for seven specimens of different sizes, geometries, and loading configurations.
1.5 Pass/Fail RequirementsFor plating/coating processes, specimens must meet or exceed 200 h using a sustained load test (SLT) at the levels shown in .
1.5.1 The loading conditions and pass/fail requirements for service environments are specified in .
1.5.2 If approved by the cognizant engineering authority, a quantitative, accelerated ( 24 h) incremental step-load (ISL) test as defined in may be used as an alternative to SLT.
1.6 This test method is divided into two parts. The first part gives general information concerning requirements for hydrogen embrittlement testing. The second is composed of annexes that give specific requirements for the various loading and specimen configurations covered by this test method (see section for a list of types) and the details for testing service environments.
1.7 The values stated in the foot-pound-second (fps) system in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method will provide a guide for the choice of metallic materials for applications in high pressure hydrogen gas.
The value of the PHe/PH2 ratio will be a relative indication of the severity of degradation of the mechanical properties to be expected in hydrogen.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the susceptibility of metallic materials to hydrogen embrittlement, when exposed to high pressure gaseous hydrogen.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used for research, design, service evaluation, manufacturing control, and development. This test method quantitatively measures stress parameters that are used in a design or failure analysis that takes into account the effects of environmental exposure including that which occurs during processing, such as plating (8) (ASTM STP 962).
For plating processes, the value of σth-IHE is used to specify quantitatively the maximum operating stress for a given structure or product.
For quality control purposes, an accelerated test is devised that uses a specified loading rate, which is equal to or lower than the loading rate necessary to determine the threshold stress (see 8.1).
For fasteners, the value of σth-IHE is used to specify quantitatively the maximum stress during installation and in service to avoid premature failure caused by residual hydrogen in the steel as a result of processing.
For fasteners, the value of σth-EHE is used to specify quantitatively the maximum stress during installation and in service to avoid failure from hydrogen absorbed during exposure to a specific environment.
To measure the relative susceptibility of steels to hydrogen pickup from various fabrication processes, a single, selected, discriminating rate is used to rank the resistance of various materials to hydrogen embrittlement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method establishes a procedure to measure the susceptibility of steel to a time-delayed failure such as that caused by hydrogen. It does so by measuring the threshold for the onset of subcritical crack growth using standard fracture mechanics specimens, irregular-shaped specimens such as notched round bars, or actual product such as fasteners () (threaded or unthreaded) springs or components as identified in SAE J78, J81, and J1237.
1.2 This test method is used to evaluate quantitatively:
1.2.1 The relative susceptibility of steels of different composition or a steel with different heat treatments;
1.2.2 The effect of residual hydrogen in the steel as a result of processing, such as melting, thermal mechanical working, surface treatments, coatings, and electroplating;
1.2.3 The effect of hydrogen introduced into the steel caused by external environmental sources of hydrogen, such as fluids and cleaners maintenance chemicals, petrochemical products, and galvanic coupling in an aqueous environment.
1.3 The test is performed either in air, to measure the effect if residual hydrogen is in the steel because of the processing (IHE), or in a controlled environment, to measure the effect of hydrogen introduced into the steel as a result of the external sources of hydrogen (EHE) as detailed in ASTM STP 543.
1.4 The values stated in acceptable inch-pound units shall be regarded as the standard. The values stated in metric units may not be exact equivalents. Conversion of the inch-pound units by appropriate conversion factors is required to obtain exact equivalence.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for measuring diffusible hydrogen in steels by an electrochemical method.
1.2 This test method is limited to carbon or alloy steels, excluding austenitic stainless steels.
1.3 This test method is limited to flat specimens to which the cell can be attached (see 4.6 and 4.8).
1.4 This test method describes testing on bare or plated steel after the plate has been removed (see 4.4).
1.5 This test method is limited to measurements at room temperature, 20 to 25C (68 to 77F).
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers mechanical tests for the evaluation of hydrogen embrittlement from plating/coating processes or subsequent service environments (including cleaning treatments, maintenance chemicals or gaseous environments), or both, that may contact the surface of steels.
1.2 This test method is intended to be used as a process control for hydrogen produced by plating/coating processes and exposure to chemicals encountered in a service environment. It is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of different steels. The relative susceptibility of different materials to hydrogen embrittlement may be determined in accordance with Test Method F 1459.
1.3 This test method assumes that air melted AISI E4340 steel per MIL-S-5000 at 51 to 53 Rockwell C Hardness Scale (HRC) is the worst case; that is, all other heat-treated, high-hardness steels are less susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. The sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement shall be demonstrated for each heat of steel used in the manufacture of test specimens.
1.4 Test procedures and acceptance requirements are specified for seven specimens of different sizes, geometries, and loading configurations. For plating/coating processes, specimens must meet or exceed 200 hours at a sustained load of 75 % of the notched fracture strength (NFS) (92 % of the ultimate strength for the Type 2a O-Ring specimen) or exceed a threshold of 75 % of the NFS for a quantitative, accelerated (24 hours) incremental step-load (ISL) test. For service environments, loading conditions, and pass/fail requirements for each specimen are specified in .
1.5 This test method is divided into two parts. The first part gives general information concerning requirements for hydrogen embrittlement testing. The second is composed of annexes that give specific requirements for the seven specimens covered by this test method and the details for testing service environments.
1.5.1 details circumferentially-notched tensile specimens. details self-loading notched specimens including; round tensile, round bend and C Ring specimens. details a notched, four-point bend specimen that combines sustained load and slow strain rate testing, using incremental loads and hold times under displacement control to measure a threshold stress in an accelerated manner. The test in measures the threshold for hydrogen stress cracking that is used to quantify the amount of residual hydrogen in the specimen. details a smooth O-Ring specimen under displacement control. details testing in service environments.
1.6 Specific requirements for the two types of specimens and the seven specific loading and geometrical configurations are as listed:
1.6.1 Type 1-Notched SpecimensType 1a: Notched, Round, TensionType 1a.1-Standard SizeType 1a.2-OversizedType 1b: Notched, Round, Tension-Self Loading FixtureType 1c: Notched, Round, Bend-Self Loading FixtureType 1d: Notched, C-Ring, Bend-Self Loading FixtureType 1e: Notched, Square, Bend-Displacement Control
1.6.2 Type 2-Smooth SpecimensType 2a: O-Ring, Bend-Self Loading Fixture
1.7 The values stated in the foot-pound-second (fps) system in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms, abbreviations, and symbols relating to mechanical methods for hydrogen embrittlement testing. These definitions are published to encourage uniformity of terminology in product specifications.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an electronic hydrogen detection instrument procedure for measurement of plating permeability to hydrogen. This method measures a variable related to hydrogen absorbed by steel during plating and to the hydrogen permeability of the plate during post plate baking. A specific application of this method is controlling cadmium-plating processes in which the plate porosity relative to hydrogen is critical, such as cadmium on high-strength steel.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statement, see Section 8.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an electronic hydrogen detection instrument procedure for measurement of plating permeability to hydrogen. This method measures a variable related to hydrogen absorbed by steel during plating and to the hydrogen permeability of the plate during post plate baking. A specific application of this method is controlling cadmium-plating processes in which the plate porosity relative to hydrogen is critical, such as cadmium on high-strength steel.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statement, see Section 8.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an electronic hydrogen detection instrument procedure for measurement of plating permeability to hydrogen. This method measures a variable related to hydrogen absorbed by steel during plating and to the hydrogen permeability of the plate during post plate baking. A specific application of this method is controlling cadmium-plating processes in which the plate porosity relative to hydrogen is critical, such as cadmium on high-strength steel.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statement, see Section 8.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method establishes a procedure to measure the susceptibility of steel to a time-delayed failure such as that caused by hydrogen. It does so by measuring the threshold for the onset of subcritical crack growth using standard fracture mechanics specimens, irregular-shaped specimens such as notched round bars, or actual product such as fasteners (2) (threaded or unthreaded) springs or components as identified in SAE J78, J81, and J1237.
1.2 This test method is used to evaluate quantitatively:
1.2.1 The relative susceptibility of steels of different composition or a steel with different heat treatments;
1.2.2 The effect of residual hydrogen in the steel as a result of processing, such as melting, thermal mechanical working, surface treatments, coatings, and electroplating;
1.2.3 The effect of hydrogen introduced into the steel caused by external environmental sources of hydrogen, such as fluids and cleaners maintenance chemicals, petrochemical products, and galvanic coupling in an aqueous environment.
1.3 The test is performed either in air, to measure the effect if residual hydrogen is in the steel because of the processing (IHE), or in a controlled environment, to measure the effect of hydrogen introduced into the steel as a result of the external sources of hydrogen (EHE) as detailed in ASTM STP 453.
1.4 The values stated in acceptable U.S. units shall be regarded as the standard. The values stated in metric units may not be exact equivalents. Conversion of the U.S. units by appropriate conversion factors is required to obtain exact equivalence.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers mechanical tests for the evaluation and control of the potential for hydrogen embrittlement that may arise from various sources of hydrogen as in plating processes, from fluids, cleaning treatments, maintenance chemicals, and gaseous environments that may contact the surface of steels.  
1.2 The procedures and requirements are specified for five types of test specimens using a heat of AISI E4340 steel with demonstrated sensitivity. This test method is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of other steels.  
1.3 This test method assumes that AISI E4340 steel at 51HRC-54HRC, determined to be sensitive as specified in Table 1, is the worst case; that is, all other heat treated, high-hardness steels are less susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement.  
1.4 For testing maintenance chemicals, the containment chamber must be isolated around the test specimen, as shown in Fig. 1 for Type 1a. If the test specimen and self-loading frame are to be immersed into the maintenance chemical, then the test fixture must be made from AISI E4340 steel except that it can be vacuum melted and heat treated to a lower hardness by tempering at 482 + 14°C (900 + 25°F) to a hardness of 40HRC-43HRC. This is done in order to minimize any polarization effects of galvanic coupling that would influence the test results.  
1.5 Specimen geometries, equivalent loading conditions, and the pass/fail requirements for each type are also specified.  
1.6 Classification -Hydrogen embrittlement tests can be performed with specimens as specified in the following:  
1.6.1 Type 1-Notched:  
1.6.1.1 Type 1a -Round bar, loaded in tension, under constant load.  
1.6.1.2 Type 1b -Round bar, loaded in tension, with self-loading ring.  
1.6.1.3 Type 1c -Round bar loaded in bending with self-loading frame.  
1.6.1.4 Type 1d -C-rings loaded in bending with self-loading bolt.  
1.6.2 Type 2 -Smooth (Unnotched).  
1.6.2.1 Type 2a -Ring specimens loaded in bending with displacement bars.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This test method is limited to hydrogen embrittlement testing of steels that are exposed to the following:  
1.8.1 An electrochemical plating process.  
1.8.2 Maintenance chemicals, subsequent to cadmium plate.
1.9 The values stated in acceptable metric units shall be regarded as the standard.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the procedure for measuring diffusible hydrogen in steels by an electrochemical method.
1.2 This test method is limited to carbon or alloy steels, excluding austenitic stainless steels.
1.3 This test method is limited to flat specimens to which the cell can be attached (see 4.6 and 4.8).
1.4 This test method describes testing on bare or plated steel after the plate has been removed (see 4.4).
1.5 This test method is limited to measurements at room temperature, 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F).
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative determination of the susceptibility of metallic materials to hydrogen embrittlement, when exposed to gaseous hydrogen, in any conditions.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.