E12.05 - Fluorescence

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Several standards, including Practices E991, E1164, and Test Methods E1331, E1348 and E1349, require either the presence or absence of fluorescence exhibited by the specimen for correct application. This practice provides spectrophotometric procedures for identifying the presence of fluorescence in materials.  
4.2 This practice is applicable to all object-color specimens, whether opaque, translucent, or transparent, meeting the requirements for specimens in the appropriate standards listed in 2.1. Translucent specimens should be measured by reflectance, with a standard non-fluorescent backing material, usually but not necessarily black, placed behind the specimen during measurement.  
4.3 This practice requires the use of a spectrophotometer in which the spectral distribution of the illumination on the specimen can be altered by the user in one of several ways. The modification of the illumination can either be by the insertion of optical filters between the illuminating source and the specimen, without interfering with the detection of the radiation from the specimen, or by interchange of the illuminating and detecting systems of the instrument or by scanning of both the illuminating energy and detection output as in the two-monochromator method.  
4.4 The confirmation of the presence of fluorescence is made by the comparison of spectral curves, color difference, or single parameter difference such as ΔY between the measurements.
Note 2: In editions of E1247 – 92 and earlier, the test of fluorescence was the two sets of spectral transmittances or radiance factor (reflectance factors) differ by 1 % of full scale at the wavelength of greatest difference.  
4.5 Either bidirectional or hemispherical instrument geometry may be used in this practice. The instrument must be capable of providing either broadband (white light) irradiation on the specimen or monochromatic irradiation and monochromatic detection.  
4.6 This practice describes methods to detect the...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides spectrophotometric methods for detecting the presence of fluorescence in object-color specimens.
Note 1: Since the addition of fluorescing agents (colorants, whitening agents, etc.) is often intentional by the manufacturer of a material, information on the presence or absence of fluorescent properties in a specimen may often be obtained from the maker of the material.  
1.2 This practice requires the use of a spectrophotometer that both irradiates the specimen over the wavelength range from 340 nm to 700 nm and allows the spectral distribution of illumination on the specimen to be altered as desired.  
1.3 Within the above limitations, this practice is general in scope rather than specific as to instrument or material.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The bispectral or two-monochromator method is the definitive method for the determination of the general (illuminant-independent) radiation-transfer properties of fluorescent specimens (2). The Donaldson radiance factor is an instrument- and illuminant-independent photometric property of the specimen, and can be used to calculate its color for any desired illuminant and observer. The advantage of this method is that it provides a comprehensive characterization of the specimen’s radiation-transfer properties, without the inaccuracies associated with source simulation and various methods of approximation.  
5.2 This practice provides a procedure for selecting the operating parameters of bispectrometers used for providing data of the desired precision. It also provides for instrument calibration by means of material standards, and for selection of suitable specimens for obtaining precision in the measurements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice addresses the instrumental measurement requirements, calibration procedures, and material standards needed for obtaining precise bispectral photometric data for computing the colors of fluorescent specimens.  
1.2 This practice lists the parameters that must be specified when bispectral photometric measurements are required in specific methods, practices, or specifications.  
1.3 This practice applies specifically to bispectrometers, which produce photometrically quantitative bispectral data as output, useful for the characterization of appearance, as opposed to spectrofluorimeters, which produce instrument-dependent bispectral photometric data as output, useful for the purpose of chemical analysis.  
1.4 The scope of this practice is limited to the discussion of object-color measurement under reflection geometries; it does not include provisions for the analogous characterization of specimens under transmission geometries.  
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The bispectral or two-monochromator method is the definitive method for the determination of the general radiation-transfer properties of fluorescent specimens (2). In this method, the measuring instrument is equipped with two separate monochromators. The first, the irradiation monochromator, irradiates the specimen with monochromatic light. The second, the viewing monochromator, analyzes the radiation leaving the specimen. A two-dimensional array of bispectral photometric values is obtained by setting the irradiation monochromator at a series of fixed wavelengths (μ) in the ultraviolet and visible range, and for each μ, using the viewing monochromator to record readings for each wavelength (λ) in the visible range. The resulting array, once properly corrected, is known as the Donaldson matrix, and the value of each element (μ,λ) of this array is here described as the Donaldson radiance factor (D(μ,λ)). The Donaldson radiance factor is an instrument- and illuminant-independent photometric property of the specimen, and can be used to calculate its color for any desired illuminant and observer. The advantage of this method is that it provides a comprehensive characterization of the specimen’s radiation-transfer properties, without the inaccuracies associated with source simulation and various methods of approximation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides the values and practical computation procedures needed to obtain tristimulus values, designated X, Y, Z and X10, Y10, Z10 for the CIE 1931 and 1964 observers, respectively, from bispectral photometric data for the specimen. Procedures for obtaining such bispectral photometric data are contained in Practice E2153.  
1.2 Procedures for conversion of results to color spaces that are part of the CIE system, such as CIELAB and CIELUV are contained in Practice E308.  
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides procedures for obtaining tristimulus values, luminance factors and chromaticity coordinates of fluorescent-retroreflective materials by bispectral colorimetry using a 45:0 or 0:45 optical measuring system.  
5.2 The CIE 1931 (2°) standard observer is used to calculate the colorimetric properties of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and markings used in daytime high visibility traffic control and personal safety applications because in practice these materials are primarily viewed from a distance where they subtend less than 4° of the visual field.  
5.3 This test method is applicable to object-color specimens of any gloss level.  
5.4 Due to the retroreflective properties of these materials the colorimetric data may not be suitable for use in computer colorant formulation.  
5.5 This test method is suitable for quality control testing of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials.
Note 1: Separation of the fluorescence and reflectance components from the total colorimetric properties provides useful and meaningful information to evaluate independently the luminescent and diffuse reflective efficiency and consistency of these materials.  
5.6 This test method is the referee method for determining the conformance of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials to standard daytime colorimetric specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measurement of the colorimetric properties (CIE tristimulus values, luminance factors, and chromaticity coordinates) of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials when illuminated by daylight.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to any sheeting or marking material having combined fluorescent and retroreflective properties used for daytime high visibility traffic control and personal safety applications.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification provides the requirements for light source products intended for excitation of fluorescent materials used as a system for detection of defects in industrial coatings. This includes the examination of both longer wavelength fluorescing primer coatings as well as non-fluorescent top coatings. Also, this specification establishes the radiometric requirements of the light source product in terms of required wavelength range and minimum irradiance. Safety requirements shall be established for the light source product necessary to ensure the product will not pose a threat to visual health. Irradiance test method shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements, in accordance to the test method.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Light source products conforming to this specification are intended to be used in conjunction with coatings specially formulated with fluorescent colorants as a system for the visual detection of defects in industrial protective coatings.  
4.2 Visible fluorescence from the coating enhances the contrast of coating irregularities and defects and is produced by excitation of visible-activated fluorescent colorants in the coating.  
4.3 Light source products with defined wavelength and intensity properties are required to produce adequate visible fluorescence for easy visual location of defects.  
4.4 A light source product is considered to consist of a light source component incorporated into an optical, electrical, mechanical, and power supply system that makes it suitable for use in an industrial environment. The entire light source product is subject to this standard. The light source component and any subassemblies of the light source product are not subject to this standard.  
4.5 This specification is limited to light source products providing excitation in the range from 400 nm to 420 nm.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the requirements for light source products intended for excitation of fluorescent materials used as a system for detection of defects in industrial coatings. This includes the examination of both longer wavelength fluorescing primer coatings as well as non-fluorescent top coatings.  
1.2 This specification establishes the radiometric requirements of the light source product in terms of required wavelength range and minimum irradiance.  
1.3 This specification establishes safety requirements for the light source product necessary to ensure the product will not pose a threat to visual health.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The most general method for obtaining CIE tristimulus values or, through their transformation, other coordinates for describing the colors of fluorescent objects is by the use of spectrometric data obtained under defined and controlled conditions of illumination and viewing. This practice describes the instrumental measurement requirements, calibration procedures, and material standards needed for measuring the total spectral radiance factors of fluorescent specimens illuminated by simulated daylight approximating CIE D65 and calculating total tristimulus values and total chromaticity coordinates for either the CIE 1931 or 1964 observers.  
5.2 The precise colorimetry of fluorescent specimens requires the spectral distribution of the instrument light source illuminating the specimen closely duplicate the colorimetric illuminant used for the calculation of tristimulus values, which is CIE D65 in this practice. The fundamental basis for this requirement follows from the defining property of a fluorescent specimen: instantaneous light emission resulting from electronic excitation by absorption of radiant energy (η) where the wavelengths of emission (λ) are as a rule longer than the excitation wavelengths (1).7 For a fluorescent specimen, the total spectral radiance factors used to calculate tristimulus values are the sum of two components – an ordinary reflectance factor, β(λ)S, and a fluorescence factor, β(η,λ)F : β(λ) = β(λ)S + β(η,λ)F. Ordinary spectral reflectance factors are solely a function of the specimen's reflected radiance efficiency at the viewing wavelength (λ) and independent of the spectral distribution of the illumination. The values of the spectral fluorescent radiance factors at the viewing wavelength (λ) vary directly with the absolute spectral distribution of illumination within the excitation range (η), and consequently so will the total spectral radiance factors and derived colorimetric values. One-monochromator colorimetric spectrometers use...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice applies to the instrumental color measurement of fluorescent specimens excited by near ultraviolet and visible radiation that results in fluorescent emission within the visible range. It is not intended for other types of photoluminescent materials such as phosphorescent, chemiluminescent, or electroluminescent, nor is this practice intended for the measurement of the fluorescent properties for chemical analysis.  
1.2 This practice describes the instrumental measurement requirements, calibration procedures, and material standards needed for the color measurement of fluorescent specimens when illuminated by simulated daylight approximating CIE Standard Illuminant D65 (CIE D65).  
1.3 This practice is limited in scope to colorimetric spectrometers providing continuous broadband polychromatic illumination of the specimen and employing only a viewing monochromator for analyzing the radiation leaving the specimen.  
1.4 This practice can be used for calculating total tristimulus values and total chromaticity coordinates for fluorescent colors in the CIE Color System for either the CIE 1931 Standard Colorimetric Observer or the CIE 1964 Supplementary Standard Colorimetric Observer.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification provides the requirements for light source products intended for excitation of fluorescent materials used as a system for detection of defects in industrial coatings. This includes the examination of both longer wavelength fluorescing primer coatings as well as non-fluorescent top coatings. Also, this specification establishes the radiometric requirements of the light source product in terms of required wavelength range and minimum irradiance. Safety requirements shall be established for the light source product necessary to ensure the product will not pose a threat to visual health. Irradiance test method shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements, in accordance to the test method.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Light source products conforming to this specification are intended to be used in conjunction with coatings specially formulated with fluorescent colorants as a system for the visual detection of defects in industrial protective coatings.  
4.2 Visible fluorescence from the coating enhances the contrast of coating irregularities and defects and is produced by excitation of visible-activated fluorescent colorants in the coating.  
4.3 Light source products with defined wavelength and intensity properties are required to produce adequate visible fluorescence for easy visual location of defects.  
4.4 A light source product is considered to consist of a light source component incorporated into an optical, electrical, mechanical, and power supply system that makes it suitable for use in an industrial environment. The entire light source product is subject to this standard. The light source component and any subassemblies of the light source product are not subject to this standard.  
4.5 This specification is limited to light source products providing excitation in the range from 400 to 420 nm.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the requirements for light source products intended for excitation of fluorescent materials used as a system for detection of defects in industrial coatings. This includes the examination of both longer wavelength fluorescing primer coatings as well as non-fluorescent top coatings.  
1.2 This specification establishes the radiometric requirements of the light source product in terms of required wavelength range and minimum irradiance.  
1.3 This specification establishes safety requirements for the light source product necessary to ensure the product will not pose a threat to visual health.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides procedures for obtaining tristimulus values, luminance factors and chromaticity coordinates of fluorescent-retroreflective materials by bispectral colorimetry using a 45:0 or 0:45 optical measuring system.  
5.2 The CIE 1931 (2°) standard observer is used to calculate the colorimetric properties of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and markings used in daytime high visibility traffic control and personal safety applications because in practice these materials are primarily viewed from a distance where they subtend less than 4° of the visual field.  
5.3 This test method is applicable to object-color specimens of any gloss level.  
5.4 Due to the retroreflective properties of these materials the colorimetric data may not be suitable for use in computer colorant formulation.  
5.5 This test method is suitable for quality control testing of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials.
Note 1: Separation of the fluorescence and reflectance components from the total colorimetric properties provides useful and meaningful information to evaluate independently the luminescent and diffuse reflective efficiency and consistency of these materials.  
5.6 This test method is the referee method for determining the conformance of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials to standard daytime colorimetric specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measurement of the colorimetric properties (CIE tristimulus values, luminance factors, and chromaticity coordinates) of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials when illuminated by daylight.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to any sheeting or marking material having combined fluorescent and retroreflective properties used for daytime high visibility traffic control and personal safety applications.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Several standards, including Practices E991, E1164, and Test Methods E1331, E1348 and E1349, require either the presence or absence of fluorescence exhibited by the specimen for correct application. This practice provides spectrophotometric procedures for identifying the presence of fluorescence in materials.  
4.2 This practice is applicable to all object-color specimens, whether opaque, translucent, or transparent, meeting the requirements for specimens in the appropriate standards listed in 2.1. Translucent specimens should be measured by reflectance, with a standard non-fluorescent backing material, usually but not necessarily black, placed behind the specimen during measurement.  
4.3 This practice requires the use of a spectrophotometer in which the spectral distribution of the illumination on the specimen can be altered by the user in one of several ways. The modification of the illumination can either be by the insertion of optical filters between the illuminating source and the specimen, without interfering with the detection of the radiation from the specimen, or by interchange of the illuminating and detecting systems of the instrument or by scanning of both the illuminating energy and detection output as in the two-monochromator method.  
4.4 The confirmation of the presence of fluorescence is made by the comparison of spectral curves, color difference, or single parameter difference such as ΔY between the measurements.
Note 2: In editions of E1247 - 92 and earlier, the test of fluorescence was the two sets of spectral transmittances or radiance factor (reflectance factors) differ by 1 % of full scale at the wavelength of greatest difference.  
4.5 Either bidirectional or hemispherical instrument geometry may be used in this practice. The instrument must be capable of providing either broadband (white light) irradiation on the specimen or monochromatic irradiation and monochromatic detection.  
4.6 This practice describes methods to detect the...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides spectrophotometric methods for detecting the presence of fluorescence in object-color specimens.
Note 1: Since the addition of fluorescing agents (colorants, whitening agents, etc.) is often intentional by the manufacturer of a material, information on the presence or absence of fluorescent properties in a specimen may often be obtained from the maker of the material.  
1.2 This practice requires the use of a spectrophotometer that both irradiates the specimen over the wavelength range from 340 to 700 nm and allows the spectral distribution of illumination on the specimen to be altered as desired.  
1.3 Within the above limitations, this practice is general in scope rather than specific as to instrument or material.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The bispectral or two-monochromator method is the definitive method for the determination of the general radiation-transfer properties of fluorescent specimens (2). In this method, the measuring instrument is equipped with two separate monochromators. The first, the irradiation monochromator, irradiates the specimen with monochromatic light. The second, the viewing monochromator, analyzes the radiation leaving the specimen. A two-dimensional array of bispectral photometric values is obtained by setting the irradiation monochromator at a series of fixed wavelengths (μ) in the ultraviolet and visible range, and for each μ, using the viewing monochromator to record readings for each wavelength (λ) in the visible range. The resulting array, once properly corrected, is known as the Donaldson matrix, and the value of each element (μ,λ) of this array is here described as the Donaldson radiance factor (D(μ,λ)). The Donaldson radiance factor is an instrument- and illuminant-independent photometric property of the specimen, and can be used to calculate its color for any desired illuminant and observer. The advantage of this method is that it provides a comprehensive characterization of the specimen’s radiation-transfer properties, without the inaccuracies associated with source simulation and various methods of approximation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides the values and practical computation procedures needed to obtain tristimulus values, designated X, Y, Z and X10, Y10, Z10 for the CIE 1931 and 1964 observers, respectively, from bispectral photometric data for the specimen. Procedures for obtaining such bispectral photometric data are contained in Practice E2153.  
1.2 Procedures for conversion of results to color spaces that are part of the CIE system, such as CIELAB and CIELUV are contained in Practice E308.  
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The bispectral or two-monochromator method is the definitive method for the determination of the general (illuminant-independent) radiation-transfer properties of fluorescent specimens (2). The Donaldson radiance factor is an instrument- and illuminant-independent photometric property of the specimen, and can be used to calculate its color for any desired illuminant and observer. The advantage of this method is that it provides a comprehensive characterization of the specimen’s radiation-transfer properties, without the inaccuracies associated with source simulation and various methods of approximation.  
5.2 This practice provides a procedure for selecting the operating parameters of bispectrometers used for providing data of the desired precision. It also provides for instrument calibration by means of material standards, and for selection of suitable specimens for obtaining precision in the measurements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice addresses the instrumental measurement requirements, calibration procedures, and material standards needed for obtaining precise bispectral photometric data for computing the colors of fluorescent specimens.  
1.2 This practice lists the parameters that must be specified when bispectral photometric measurements are required in specific methods, practices, or specifications.  
1.3 This practice applies specifically to bispectrometers, which produce photometrically quantitative bispectral data as output, useful for the characterization of appearance, as opposed to spectrofluorimeters, which produce instrument-dependent bispectral photometric data as output, useful for the purpose of chemical analysis.  
1.4 The scope of this practice is limited to the discussion of object-color measurement under reflection geometries; it does not include provisions for the analogous characterization of specimens under transmission geometries.  
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The most general method for obtaining CIE tristimulus values or, through their transformation, other coordinates for describing the colors of fluorescent objects is by the use of spectrometric data obtained under defined and controlled conditions of illumination and viewing. This practice describes the instrumental measurement requirements, calibration procedures, and material standards needed for measuring the total spectral radiance factors of fluorescent specimens illuminated by simulated daylight approximating CIE D65 and calculating total tristimulus values and total chromaticity coordinates for either the CIE 1931 or 1964 observers.  
5.2 The precise colorimetry of fluorescent specimens requires the spectral distribution of the instrument light source illuminating the specimen closely duplicate the colorimetric illuminant used for the calculation of tristimulus values, which is CIE D65 in this practice. The fundamental basis for this requirement follows from the defining property of a fluorescent specimen: instantaneous light emission resulting from electronic excitation by absorption of radiant energy (η) where the wavelengths of emission (λ) are as a rule longer than the excitation wavelengths (1).7 For a fluorescent specimen, the total spectral radiance factors used to calculate tristimulus values are the sum of two components – an ordinary reflectance factor, β(λ)S, and a fluorescence factor, β(η,λ)F : β(λ) = β(λ)S + β(η,λ)F. Ordinary spectral reflectance factors are solely a function of the specimen's reflected radiance efficiency at the viewing wavelength (λ) and independent of the spectral distribution of the illumination. The values of the spectral fluorescent radiance factors at the viewing wavelength (λ) vary directly with the absolute spectral distribution of illumination within the excitation range (η), and consequently so will the total spectral radiance factors and derived colorimetric values. One-monochromator colorimetric spectrometers use...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice applies to the instrumental color measurement of fluorescent specimens excited by near ultraviolet and visible radiation that results in fluorescent emission within the visible range. It is not intended for other types of photoluminescent materials such as phosphorescent, chemiluminescent, or electroluminescent, nor is this practice intended for the measurement of the fluorescent properties for chemical analysis.  
1.2 This practice describes the instrumental measurement requirements, calibration procedures, and material standards needed for the color measurement of fluorescent specimens when illuminated by simulated daylight approximating CIE Standard Illuminant D65 (CIE D65).  
1.3 This practice is limited in scope to colorimetric spectrometers providing continuous broadband polychromatic illumination of the specimen and employing only a viewing monochromator for analyzing the radiation leaving the specimen.  
1.4 This practice can be used for calculating total tristimulus values and total chromaticity coordinates for fluorescent colors in the CIE Color System for either the CIE 1931 Standard Colorimetric Observer or the CIE 1964 Supplementary Standard Colorimetric Observer.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides procedures for obtaining tristimulus values, luminance factors and chromaticity coordinates of fluorescent-retroreflective materials by bispectral colorimetry using a 45:0 or 0:45 optical measuring system.
The CIE 1931 (2°) standard observer is used to calculate the colorimetric properties of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and markings used in daytime high visibility traffic control and personal safety applications because in practice these materials are primarily viewed from a distance where they subtend less than 4° of the visual field.
This test method is applicable to object-color specimens of any gloss level.
Due to the retroreflective properties of these materials the colorimetric data may not be suitable for use in computer colorant formulation.
This test method is suitable for quality control testing of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials.
Note 1—Separation of the fluorescence and reflectance components from the total colorimetric properties provides useful and meaningful information to evaluate independently the luminescent and diffuse reflective efficiency and consistency of these materials.
This test method is the referee method for determining the conformance of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials to standard daytime colorimetric specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measurement of the colorimetric properties (CIE tristimulus values, luminance factors, and chromaticity coordinates) of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials when illuminated by daylight.
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to any sheeting or marking material having combined fluorescent and retroreflective properties used for daytime high visibility traffic control and personal safety applications.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Several standards, including Practices E991, E1164, and Test Methods E1331, E1348 and E1349, require either the presence or absence of fluorescence exhibited by the specimen for correct application. This practice provides spectrophotometric procedures for identifying the presence of fluorescence in materials.
This practice is applicable to all object-color specimens, whether opaque, translucent, or transparent, meeting the requirements for specimens in the appropriate standards listed in 2.1. Translucent specimens should be measured by reflectance, with a standard non-fluorescent backing material, usually but not necessarily black, placed behind the specimen during measurement.
This practice requires the use of a spectrophotometer in which the spectral distribution of the illumination on the specimen can be altered by the user in one of several ways. The modification of the illumination can either be by the insertion of optical filters between the illuminating source and the specimen, without interfering with the detection of the radiation from the specimen, or by interchange of the illuminating and detecting systems of the instrument or by scanning of both the illuminating energy and detection output as in the two-monochromator method.
The confirmation of the presence of fluorescence is made by the comparison of spectral curves, color difference, or single parameter difference such as ΔY between the measurements.
Note 2—In editions of E1247 - 92 and earlier, the test of fluorescence was the two sets of spectral transmittances or radiance factor (reflectance factors) differ by 1 % of full scale at the wavelength of greatest difference.
Either bidirectional or hemispherical instrument geometry may be used in this practice. The instrument must be capable of providing either broadband (white light) irradiation on the specimen or monochromatic irradiation and monochromatic detection.
This practice describes methods to detect the presence of fluorescence onl...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides spectrophotometric methods for detecting the presence of fluorescence in object-color specimens.
Note 1—Since the addition of fluorescing agents (colorants, whitening agents, etc.) is often intentional by the manufacturer of a material, information on the presence or absence of fluorescent properties in a specimen may often be obtained from the maker of the material.
1.2 This practice requires the use of a spectrophotometer that both irradiates the specimen over the wavelength range from 340 to 700 nm and allows the spectral distribution of illumination on the specimen to be altered as desired.
1.3 Within the above limitations, this practice is general in scope rather than specific as to instrument or material.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The bispectral or two-monochromator method is the definitive method for the determination of the general radiation-transfer properties of fluorescent specimens (4). In this method, the measuring instrument is equipped with two separate monochromators. The first, the irradiation monochromator, irradiates the specimen with monochromatic light. The second, the viewing monochromator, analyzes the radiation leaving the specimen. A two-dimensional array of bispectral photometric values is obtained by setting the irradiation monochromator at a series of fixed wavelengths (μ) in the ultraviolet and visible range, and for each μ, using the viewing monochromator to record readings for each wavelength (λ) in the visible range. The resulting array, once properly corrected, is known as the Donaldson matrix, and the value of each element (μ,λ) of this array is here described as the Donaldson radiance factor (D(μ,λ)). The Donaldson radiance factor is an instrument- and illuminant-independent photometric property of the specimen, and can be used to calculate its color for any desired illuminant and observer. The advantage of this method is that it provides a comprehensive characterization of the specimen's radiation-transfer properties, without the inaccuracies associated with source simulation and various methods of approximation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides the values and practical computation procedures needed to obtain tristimulus values, designated X, Y, Z and X10, Y10, Z10 for the CIE 1931 and 1964 observers, respectively, from bispectral photometric data for the specimen. Procedures for obtaining such bispectral photometric data are contained in Practice E2153.
1.2 Procedures for conversion of results to color spaces that are part of the CIE system, such as CIELAB and CIELUV are contained in Practice E308.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides procedures for obtaining tristimulus values, luminance factors and chromaticity coordinates of fluorescent-retroreflective materials by bispectral colorimetry using a 45:0 or 0:45 optical measuring system.
The CIE 1931 (2°) standard observer is used to calculate the colorimetric properties of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and markings used in daytime high visibility traffic control and personal safety applications because in practice these materials are primarily viewed from a distance where they subtend less than 4° of the visual field.
This test method is applicable to object-color specimens of any gloss level.
Due to the retroreflective properties of these materials the colorimetric data may not be suitable for use in computer colorant formulation.
This test method is suitable for quality control testing of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials.
Note 1—Separation of the fluorescence and reflectance components from the total colorimetric properties provides useful and meaningful information to evaluate independently the luminescent and diffuse reflective efficiency and consistency of these materials.
This test method is the referee method for determining the conformance of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials to standard daytime colorimetric specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measurement of the colorimetric properties (CIE tristimulus values, luminance factors, and chromaticity coordinates) of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials when illuminated by daylight.
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to any sheeting or marking material having combined fluorescent and retroreflective properties used for daytime high visibility traffic control and personal safety applications.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method describes the instrumental measurement of the colorimetric properties (CIE tristimulus values, luminance factors, and chromaticity coordinates) of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials when illuminated by daylight.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E12 on Color and Appearance, this test method was withdrawn in April 2012 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides spectrophotometric methods for detecting the presence of fluorescence in object-color specimens.
Note 1—Since the addition of fluorescing agents (colorants, whitening agents, etc.) is often intentional by the manufacturer of a material, information on the presence or absence of fluorescent properties in a specimen may often be obtained from the maker of the material.
1.2 This practice requires the use of a spectrophotometer that both irradiates the specimen over the wavelength range from 340 to 700 nm and allows the spectral distribution of illumination on the specimen to be altered as desired.
1.3 Within the above limitations, this practice is general in scope rather than specific as to instrument or material.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice provides spectrophotometric methods for detecting the presence of fluorescence in object-color specimens.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E12 on Color and Appearance, this practice was withdrawn in January 2012 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The bispectral or two-monochromator method is the definitive method for the determination of the general (illuminant-independent) radiation-transfer properties of fluorescent specimens (2). The Donaldson radiance factor is an instrument- and illuminant-independent photometric property of the specimen, and can be used to calculate its color for any desired illuminant and observer. The advantage of this method is that it provides a comprehensive characterization of the specimen's radiation-transfer properties, without the inaccuracies associated with source simulation and various methods of approximation.
This practice provides a procedure for selecting the operating parameters of bispectrometers used for providing data of the desired precision. It also provides for instrument calibration by means of material standards, and for selection of suitable specimens for obtaining precision in the measurements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice addresses the instrumental measurement requirements, calibration procedures, and material standards needed for obtaining precise bispectral photometric data for computing the colors of fluorescent specimens.
1.2 This practice lists the parameters that must be specified when bispectral photometric measurements are required in specific methods, practices, or specifications.
1.3 This practice applies specifically to bispectrometers, which produce photometrically quantitative bispectral data as output, useful for the characterization of appearance, as opposed to spectrofluorimeters, which produce instrument-dependent bispectral photometric data as output, useful for the purpose of chemical analysis.
1.4 The scope of this practice is limited to the discussion of object-color measurement under reflection geometries; it does not include provisions for the analogous characterization of specimens under transmission geometries.
This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification provides the requirements for light source products intended for excitation of fluorescent materials used as a system for detection of defects in industrial coatings. This includes the examination of both longer wavelength fluorescing primer coatings as well as non-fluorescent top coatings. Also, this specification establishes the radiometric requirements of the light source product in terms of required wavelength range and minimum irradiance. Safety requirements shall be established for the light source product necessary to ensure the product will not pose a threat to visual health. Irradiance test method shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements, in accordance to the test method.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Light source products conforming to this specification are intended to be used in conjunction with coatings specially formulated with fluorescent colorants as a system for the visual detection of defects in industrial protective coatings.
Visible fluorescence from the coating enhances the contrast of coating irregularities and defects and is produced by excitation of visible-activated fluorescent colorants in the coating.
Light source products with defined wavelength and intensity properties are required to produce adequate visible fluorescence for easy visual location of defects.
A light source product is considered to consist of a light source component incorporated into an optical, electrical, mechanical, and power supply system that makes it suitable for use in an industrial environment. The entire light source product is subject to this standard. The light source component and any subassemblies of the light source product are not subject to this standard  
This specification is limited to light source products providing excitation in the range from 400 to 420 nm.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the requirements for light source products intended for excitation of fluorescent materials used as a system for detection of defects in industrial coatings. This includes the examination of both longer wavelength fluorescing primer coatings as well as non-fluorescent top coatings.
1.2 This specification establishes the radiometric requirements of the light source product in terms of required wavelength range and minimum irradiance.
1.3 This specification establishes safety requirements for the light source product necessary to ensure the product will not pose a threat to visual health.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The most general method for obtaining CIE tristimulus values or, through their transformation, other coordinates for describing the colors of fluorescent objects is by the use of spectrometric data obtained under defined and controlled conditions of illumination and viewing. This practice describes the instrumental measurement requirements, calibration procedures, and material standards needed for measuring the total spectral radiance factors of fluorescent specimens illuminated by simulated daylight approximating CIE D65 and calculating total tristimulus values and total chromaticity coordinates for either the CIE 1931 or 1964 observers.
The precise colorimetry of fluorescent specimens requires the spectral distribution of the instrument light source illuminating the specimen closely duplicate the colorimetric illuminant used for the calculation of tristimulus values, which is CIE D65 in this practice. The fundamental basis for this requirement follows from the defining property of a fluorescent specimen: instantaneous light emission resulting from electronic excitation by absorption of radiant energy (η) where the wavelengths of emission (λ) are as a rule longer than the excitation wavelengths (1). For a fluorescent specimen, the total spectral radiance factors used to calculate tristimulus values are the sum of two components – an ordinary reflectance factor, β(λ)S, and a fluorescence factor, β(η,λ)F : β(λ) = β(λ)S + β(η,λ)F. Ordinary spectral reflectance factors are solely a function of the specimen's reflected radiance efficiency at the viewing wavelength (λ) and independent of the spectral distribution of the illumination. The values of the spectral fluorescent radiance factors at the viewing wavelength (λ) vary directly with the absolute spectral distribution of illumination within the excitation range (η), and consequently so will the total spectral radiance factors and derived colorimetric values. One-monochromator colorimetric spectrometers used in this ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice applies to the instrumental color measurement of fluorescent specimens excited by near ultraviolet and visible radiation that results in fluorescent emission within the visible range. It is not intended for other types of photoluminescent materials such as phosphorescent, chemiluminescent, or electroluminescent, nor is this practice intended for the measurement of the fluorescent properties for chemical analysis.
1.2 This practice describes the instrumental measurement requirements, calibration procedures, and material standards needed for the color measurement of fluorescent specimens when illuminated by simulated daylight approximating CIE Standard Illuminant D65 (CIE D65).
1.3 This practice is limited in scope to colorimetric spectrometers providing continuous broadband polychromatic illumination of the specimen and employing only a viewing monochromator for analyzing the radiation leaving the specimen.
1.4 This practice can be used for calculating total tristimulus values and total chromaticity coordinates for fluorescent colors in the CIE Color System for either the CIE 1931 Standard Colorimetric Observer or the CIE 1964 Supplementary Standard Colorimetric Observer.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test method is suitable for the development, specification and quality control testing of fluorescent and non-fluorescent coatings that are intended to be inspected for defects under Specification E2501 illumination.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental measurement of the luminance ratio of a fluorescent coating or sheet sample when illuminated by a narrow band source.
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to any coating or sheeting material having combined fluorescent and reflective properties, where the fluorescence is activated by 405 nm light.
1.3 This test method is intended as a companion to Specification E2501 to support the development and specification of industrial coatings that are used in a system for detection of coating defects when inspected with the Specification E2501 light source. This test method establishes a quantitative measure of the optical property of a coating that correlates to its ability to enhance defect contrast under the specified inspection light source.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test method is suitable for the development, specification and quality control testing of fluorescent and non-fluorescent coatings that are intended to be inspected for defects under Specification E 2501 illumination.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental measurement of the luminance ratio of a fluorescent coating or sheet sample when illuminated by a narrow band source.
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to any coating or sheeting material having combined fluorescent and reflective properties, where the fluorescence is activated by 405 nm light.
1.3 This test method is intended as a companion to Specification E 2501 to support the development and specification of industrial coatings that are used in a system for detection of coating defects when inspected with the Specification E 2501 light source. This test method establishes a quantitative measure of the optical property of a coating that correlates to its ability to enhance defect contrast under the specified inspection light source.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification provides the requirements for light source products intended for excitation of fluorescent materials used as a system for detection of defects in industrial coatings. This includes the examination of both longer wavelength fluorescing primer coatings as well as non-fluorescent top coatings. Also, this specification establishes the radiometric requirements of the light source product in terms of required wavelength range and minimum irradiance. Safety requirements shall be established for the light source product necessary to ensure the product will not pose a threat to visual health. Irradiance test method shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements, in accordance to the test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the requirements for light source products intended for excitation of fluorescent materials used as a system for detection of defects in industrial coatings. This includes the examination of both longer wavelength fluorescing primer coatings as well as non-fluorescent top coatings.
1.2 This specification establishes the radiometric requirements of the light source product in terms of required wavelength range and minimum irradiance.
1.3 This specification establishes safety requirements for the light source product necessary to ensure the product will not pose a threat to visual health.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The bispectral or two-monochromator method is the definitive method for the determination of the general (illuminant-independent) radiation-transfer properties of fluorescent specimens (2). The Donaldson radiance factor is an instrument- and illuminant-independent photometric property of the specimen, and can be used to calculate its color for any desired illuminant and observer. The advantage of this method is that it provides a comprehensive characterization of the specimen’radiation-transfer properties, without the inaccuracies associated with source simulation and various methods of approximation.
This practice provides a procedure for selecting the operating parameters of bispectrometers used for providing data of the desired precision. It also provides for instrument calibration by means of material standards, and for selection of suitable specimens for obtaining precision in the measurements.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice addresses the instrumental measurement requirements, calibration procedures, and material standards needed for obtaining precise bispectral photometric data for computing the colors of fluorescent specimens.
1.2 This practice lists the parameters that must be specified when bispectral photometric measurements are required in specific methods, practices, or specifications.
1.3 This practice applies specifically to bispectrometers, which produce photometrically quantitative bispectral data as output, useful for the characterization of appearance, as opposed to spectrofluorimeters, which produce instrument-dependent bispectral photometric data as output, useful for the purpose of chemical analysis.
1.4 The scope of this practice is limited to the discussion of object-color measurement under reflection geometries; it does not include provisions for the analogous characterization of specimens under transmission geometries.
This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The bispectral or two-monochromator method is the definitive method for the determination of the general radiation-transfer properties of fluorescent specimens (4). In this method, the measuring instrument is equipped with two separate monochromators. The first, the irradiation monochromator, irradiates the specimen with monochromatic light. The second, the viewing monochromator, analyzes the radiation leaving the specimen. A two-dimensional array of bispectral photometric values is obtained by setting the irradiation monochromator at a series of fixed wavelengths (μ) in the ultraviolet and visible range, and for each μ, using the viewing monochromator to record readings for each wavelength (λ) in the visible range. The resulting array, once properly corrected, is known as the Donaldson matrix, and the value of each element (μ,λ) of this array is here described as the Donaldson radiance factor (D(μ,λ)). The Donaldson radiance factor is an instrument- and illuminant-independent photometric property of the specimen, and can be used to calculate its color for any desired illuminant and observer. The advantage of this method is that it provides a comprehensive characterization of the specimen’radiation-transfer properties, without the inaccuracies associated with source simulation and various methods of approximation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides the values and practical computation procedures needed to obtain tristimulus values, designated X, Y, Z and X10, Y10, Z10 for the CIE 1931 and 1964 observers, respectively, from bispectral photometric data for the specimen. Procedures for obtaining such bispectral photometric data are contained in Practice E 2153.
1.2 Procedures for conversion of results to color spaces that are part of the CIE system, such as CIELAB and CIELUV are contained in Practice E 308.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the requirements for light source products intended for excitation of fluorescent materials used as a system for detection of defects in industrial coatings. This includes the examination of both longer wavelength fluorescing primer coatings as well as non-fluorescent top coatings.
1.2 This specification establishes the radiometric requirements of the light source product in terms of required wavelength range and minimum irradiance.
1.3 This specification establishes safety requirements for the light source product necessary to ensure the product will not pose a threat to visual health.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice applies to the instrumental color measurement of fluorescent specimens excited by near ultraviolet and visible radiation that results in fluorescent emission within the visible range. It is not intended for other types of photoluminescent materials such as phosphorescent, chemiluminescent, or electroluminescent, nor is this practice intended for the measurement of the fluorescent properties for chemical analysis.
1.2 This practice describes the instrumental measurement requirements, calibration procedures, and material standards needed for the color measurement of fluorescent specimens when illuminated by simulated daylight approximating CIE Standard Illuminant D65 (CIE D65).
1.3 This practice is limited in scope to colorimetric spectrometers providing continuous broadband polychromatic illumination of the specimen and employing only a viewing monochromator for analyzing the radiation leaving the specimen.
1.4 This practice can be used for calculating total tristimulus values and total chromaticity coordinates for fluorescent colors in the CIE Color System for either the CIE 1931 Standard Colorimetric Observer or the CIE 1964 Supplementary Standard Colorimetric Observer.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice addresses the instrumental measurement requirements, calibration procedures, and material standards needed for obtaining precise bispectral photometric data for computing the colors of fluorescent specimens.
1.2 This practice lists the parameters that must be specified when bispectral photometric measurements are required in specific methods, practices, or specifications.
1.3 This practice applies specifically to bispectrometers, which produce photometrically quantitative bispectral data as output, useful for the characterization of appearance, as opposed to spectrofluorimeters, which produce instrument-dependent bispectral photometric data as output, useful for the purpose of chemical analysis.
1.4 The scope of this practice is limited to the discussion of object-color measurement under reflection geometries; it does not include provisions for the analogous characterization of specimens under transmission geometries.
1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides the values and practical computation procedures needed to obtain tristimulus values, designated X, Y, Z and X10, Y10, Z10 for the CIE 1931 and 1964 observers, respectively, from bispectral photometric data for the specimen. Procedures for obtaining such bispectral photometric data are contained in Practice E 2153.
1.2 Procedures for conversion of results to color spaces that are part of the CIE system, such as CIELAB and CIELUV are contained in Practice E 308.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides spectrophotometric methods for identifying the presence of fluorescence in object-color specimens.
1.2 This test method requires the use of a spectrophotometer in which the spectral distribution of illumination on the specimen can be altered as desired.
1.3 Within the above limitations, this test method is general in scope rather than specific as to instrument or material.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for measuring the colors of fluorescent specimens as they would be perceived when illuminated by daylight, and for calculating tristimulus values and chromaticity coordinates for these conditions.
1.2 This practice applies to the use of the one-monochromator spectrophotometer employing polychromatic illumination of the specimen and monochromatic detection of the radiant energy.  
1.3 This practice can be used to provide specifications for fluorescent colors in either the 1931 or the 1964 CIE system.
1.4 This practice covers only fluorescent specimens that emit visible light. It is not intended for use with other types of luminescent materials such as phosphorescent, chemiluminescent, or electroluminescent.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The test method is suitable for the development, specification and quality control testing of fluorescent and non-fluorescent coatings that are intended to be inspected for defects under Specification E2501 illumination.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental measurement of the luminance ratio of a fluorescent coating or sheet sample when illuminated by a narrow band source.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to any coating or sheeting material having combined fluorescent and reflective properties, where the fluorescence is activated by 405 nm light.  
1.3 This test method is intended as a companion to Specification E2501 to support the development and specification of industrial coatings that are used in a system for detection of coating defects when inspected with the Specification E2501 light source. This test method establishes a quantitative measure of the optical property of a coating that correlates to its ability to enhance defect contrast under the specified inspection light source.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the instrumental measurement of the luminance ratio of a fluorescent coating or sheet sample when illuminated by a narrow band source.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E12 on Color and Appearance, this test method was withdrawn in January 2022 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.