D18.15 - Stabilization With Admixtures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Compression testing of soil-lime specimens is performed to determine unconfined compressive strength of the cured soil-lime-water mixture to determine the suitability of the mixture for uses such as in pavement bases and subbases, stabilized subgrades, and structural fills.  
5.2 Compressive strength data are used in soil-lime mix design procedures: (a) to determine if a soil will achieve a significant strength increase with the addition of lime; (b) to group soil-lime mixtures into strength classes; (c) to study the effects of variables such as lime percentage, unit weight, water content, curing time, curing temperature, etc.; and (d) to estimate other engineering properties of soil-lime mixtures.  
5.3 Lime is generally classified as calcitic or dolomitic. Usually in soil stabilization, high-calcium lime [CaO] or dolomitic lime [CaO + MgO] are used. The lime is transformed from oxide to hydroxide form [[Ca(OH)2 or [Ca(OH)2 + Mg(OH)2]] by the addition of water in the soil, a slurry tank, or at a manufacturing facility. Lime may increase the strength of cohesive soil. The type of lime in combination with soil type influences the resulting compressive strength.
Note 2: The agency performing this test method can be evaluated in accordance with Practice D3740. Notwithstanding statements on precision and bias contained in this method: The precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facility used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not, in itself, ensure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for preparing, curing, and testing laboratory-compacted specimens of soil-lime and other lime-treated materials (Note 1) for determining unconfined compressive strength. Depending on the diameter to height ratio, two procedures for determining the unconfined compressive strength of compacted soil-lime mixtures have been developed for specimens prepared at the maximum unit weight and optimum water content, or for specimens prepared at other target unit weight and water content levels. Other applications are given in Section 5 on Significance and Use.
Note 1: Lime-based products other than commercial quicklime and hydrated lime are also used in the lime treatment of fine-grained cohesive soils. Lime kiln dust (LKD) is collected from the kiln exhaust gases by cyclone, electrostatic, or baghouse-type collection systems. Some lime producers hydrate various blends of LKD plus quicklime to produce a lime-based product.  
1.2 Cored specimens of soil-lime should be tested in accordance with Test Methods D2166/D2166M.  
1.3 Two alternative procedures are provided:  
1.3.1 Procedure A describes procedures for preparing and testing compacted soil-lime specimens having height-to-diameter ratios between 2.00 and 2.50. This test method provides the standard measure of compressive strength.  
1.3.2 Procedure B describes procedures for preparing and testing compacted soil-lime specimens using Test Methods D698 compaction equipment and molds commonly available in most soil testing laboratories. Procedure B is considered to provide relative measures of individual specimens in a suite of test specimens rather than standard compressive strength values. Because of the lesser height-to-diameter ratio (1.15) of the cylinders, compressive strength determined by Procedure B will normally be greater than that by Procedure A.  
1.3.3 Results of unconfined compressive strength tests using Procedure B should not be directly compared to those obtained using Procedure A.  
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guideline...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are used to determine the resistance of compacted soil-cement specimens to repeated wetting and drying. These test methods were developed to be used in conjunction with Test Methods D560/D560M and criteria given in the Soil-Cement Laboratory Handbook4 to determine the minimum amount of cement required in soil-cement to achieve a degree of hardness adequate to resist field weathering.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the soil-cement losses, water content changes, and volume changes (swell and shrinkage) produced by repeated wetting and drying of hardened soil-cement specimens. The specimens are compacted in a mold, before cement hydration, to maximum density at optimum water content using the compaction procedure described in Test Methods D558/D558M.  
1.2 Two test methods, depending on soil gradation, are covered for preparation of material for molding specimens and for molding specimens as follows:    
Sections  
Test Method A, using soil material passing a 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve.
This method shall be used when 100 % of the soil sample passes the 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve.  
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Test Method B, using soil material passing a 19.0 mm [0.75-in.] sieve.
This method shall be used when part of the soil sample is retained on the 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve.
This test method may be used only on materials with 30 % or less retained on the 19.0-mm [0.75-in.] sieve.  
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1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.  
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.4.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.  
1.4.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of tw...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides standardized requirements for the preparation, curing, transporting and testing of test specimens of CLSM under field conditions by replicating a “field cure” of the material.  
5.1.1 If the specimens are field cured, as stipulated herein, the resulting compressive strength test data may be used for the following purposes:
5.1.1.1 Acceptance testing for specified strength,
5.1.1.2 Checking the adequacy of mixture proportions for strength,
5.1.1.3 Quality control,
5.1.1.4 Determining if the material can be put in service,
5.1.1.5 Adequacy of curing.  
5.2 Compressive strength testing is performed to assist in the design of the mix and to serve as a quality control technique during construction. Mix design is typically based on 28-day strengths and construction control tests performed 7 days after placement. The compressive strength(s) and other test age(s) will vary according to the requirements for the end product. Additional information on the use and history of CLSM is contained in Appendix X1.  
5.3 This test is one of a series of quality control tests that can be performed on CLSM during construction to monitor compliance with specification requirements. The other tests that can be used during construction control of CLSM are Practice D5971/D5971M and Test Methods D6023, D6024/D6024M, and D6103/D6103M.  
5.4 There are many other combinations of soil, cement, fly ash (cementitious or not), admixtures, water or other materials that could be tested using this method. The mixtures will vary depending on the intended use, availability of materials, and placement requirements.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are c...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the preparation, curing, transporting and testing of cylindrical test specimens of controlled low strength material (CLSM) for the determination of compressive strength.  
1.2 This test method covers CLSM materials that have a higher strength than the soil but less than 8400 kPa [1200 psi]. Typical strengths for most applications fall between 350 to 700 kPa [50 to 100 psi].  
1.3 The CLSM used to make the molded specimens shall be sampled after all on-site adjustments have been made to the mixture proportions, including the addition of mix water and any admixtures.  
1.4 This test method may be used to prepare and test cylindrical specimens of other mixtures of soil and cementitious materials, such as self-cementing fly ashes.  
1.5 CLSM is also known as flowable fill, controlled density fill, soil-cement slurry, soil-cement grout, unshrinkable fill, and other similar names.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.6.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In the system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the units for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.  
1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.  
1.7.1 For purposes of comparing, a measured or calculated value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant digits in the specified limits.  
1.7.2 The procedures us...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This standard is intended for the preparation of standard specimens of soil-asphalt mixtures suitable for tests of Test Methods D1560, D1561, D4123, and other tests using specimens of the above dimensions. This standard is limited to only fine-grained soils as defined in 7.1.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, and so forth. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers the selection and proportioning of soils and emulsified or cutback asphalts and the fabrication of 100-mm [4-in.] diameter by 65-mm [2.5-in.] high test specimens.  
1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.2.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in the standard are regarded as industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the users objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight) while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F=ma) calculations are involved.  
1.3.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.4 This standard offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this standard may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this s...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These tests determine the optimum water content and maximum density (unit weight) to be used for molding soil-cement specimens in accordance with Test Methods D559/D559M and D560/D560M.
Note 1: Since these tests are used in conjunction with Test Methods D559/D559M and D560/D560M and the criteria referenced therein, the test differs in several aspects from Test Method D698. There are three main differences between this standard and Test Method D698. Firstly, this standard allows a maximum particle size of 3/4-in. [19.0 mm] for a 4-in. [101.6-mm] mold while Test Method D698 allows a maximum particle size of 3/8-in. [9.5-mm] for the same size mold. Secondly, this standard permits the material leftover after the water content specimen has been obtained to be mixed with the rest of the sample and reused for the next determination. Test Method D698 does not permit the material to be reused. Thirdly, this standard allows the material that is retained on the 3/4-in. [19.0-mm] and passing the 3-in. [75-mm] to be discarded (scalping technique) and replaced with an equal mass of material that passes the 3/4-in. [19.0-mm] sieve and is retained on the No.4 [4.75-mm] sieve. Test Method D698 does not permit the scalp and replacement technique.
Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the relationship between the water content and the density of soil-cement mixtures when compacted before cement hydration as prescribed.  
1.2 A 0.0333-ft3 [944-cm3] mold and a 5.50-lbf [24.5-N or mass of 2.5-kg] rammer dropped from a height of 12.0 in. [30.5 cm] are used and two methods, depending on soil gradation, are covered, as follows:    
Sections  
Test Method A, using soil material passing a No. 4 [4.75-mm] sieve. This method shall be used when 100 % of the soil sample passes the No. 4 [4.75-mm] sieve  
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Test Method B, using soil material passing a 3/4-in. [19.0-mm] sieve. This method shall be used when part of the soil sample is retained on the No. 4 [4.75-mm] sieve. This test method may be used only on materials with 30 % or less retained on the 3/4-in. [19.0-mm] sieve  
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1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F=ma) calculations are involved.  
1.3.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. This standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1....

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method determines cement content in mixtures of cement with soil or aggregate by chemical analysis. It was developed primarily for testing samples for which a significant degree of cement hydration or hardening has taken place. Test Methods D2901 or D5982 may be used for determining cement content of freshly mixed soil-cement mixtures.  
5.2 This test method is based on determination by chemical analysis of the calcium oxide (CaO) content of the sample. The method may not be applicable to soil-cement materials containing soils or aggregates which yield significant amounts of dissolved calcium oxide (CaO) under the conditions of the test.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing and sampling. Users of this standard are cautioned the compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors: Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.
Note 2: Analysis using X-ray fluorescence in accordance with C114 may also be used for determination of calcium oxide (CaO) content of hardened soil-cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination by chemical analysis of cement content of hardened soil-cement mixtures.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.3.1 For purposes of comparing a measured or calculated value(s) with the specific limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant digits in the specific limits.  
1.3.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in the standard are regarded as industry standard. In addition they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for the engineering design.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard precautions, see Section 7.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine the flexural strength of soil-cement. Flexural strength is significant in pavement design and can be used to determine the thickness of pavement layers.
Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexural strength of soil-cement by the use of a simple beam with third-point loading.  
Note 1: For methods of molding soil-cement specimens, see Practice D1632.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. The SI units are presented in brackets.  
1.2.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inchpound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in the standard are regarded as industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The soil-lime pH test is performed as a test to indicate the soil-lime proportion needed to maintain the elevated pH necessary for sustaining the reactions required to stabilize a soil. The test derives from Eades and Grim.4  
5.2 Performance tests are normally conducted in a laboratory to verify the results of this test method.  
5.3 This test method will not provide reliable information relative to the potential reactivity of a particular soil, nor will it provide information on the magnitude of increased strength to be realized upon treatment of this soil with the indicated percentage of lime.  
5.4 This test method can be used to estimate the percentage of lime as hydrated lime or quicklime needed to produce a lime stabilized soil. Common candidate soils contain clay minerals and have a Plasticity Index ≥10.  
5.5 Agricultural lime (crushed limestone) will not stabilize soil.
Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a means for estimating the soil-lime proportion requirement for stabilization of a soil. This test method is performed on soil passing the 425μm (No. 40) sieve. The optimum soil-lime proportion for soil stabilization is determined by tests of specific characteristics of stabilized soil such as unconfined compressive strength or plasticity index.  
1.2 Some highly alkaline by-products (lime kiln dust, cement kiln dust, carbide lime, and so forth) have been successfully used to stabilize soil. This test method is not intended for these materials and any such product would need to be tested for specific characteristics as indicated in 1.1.  
1.3 This test method is used to determine the percentage of lime that results in a soil-lime pH of approximately 12.4.
Note 1: Under ideal laboratory conditions of 25°C and sea level elevation, the pH of the lime-soil-water solution should be 12.4.  
1.4 Lime is not an effective stabilizing agent for all soils. Some soil components such as sulfates, phosphates, organics, and iron can adversely affect soil-lime reactions and may produce erroneous results using this test method.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/ recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis for engineering data.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on st...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended for use in the laboratory and as a research tool for determining relative compressive strength values for various soil-cement mixtures. It is not intended as an alternative for Test Method D1633 and the test values obtained by these two test methods are not interchangeable and not necessarily comparable. A comparison of strengths obtained by Test Methods D1633 and D1634 is given by Feld and Abrams.3
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the compressive strength of soil-cement, using portions of beams broken in flexure in accordance with Test Method D1635, as test specimens.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except as noted below. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight) while the unit for mass is slugs.  
1.2.2 The slug unit of mass is almost never used in commercial practice; that is, density, balances, etc. Therefore, the standard unit for mass in this standard is either kilogram (kg) or gram (g), or both. Also, the equivalent inch-pound unit (slug) is not given/presented in parantheses.  
1.2.3 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit for mass. However the use of balances or scales, recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 unless superseded by this test method.  
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user's objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standar...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Method A makes use of the same compaction equipment and molds commonly available in soil laboratories and used for other soil-cement tests. It is considered that Method A gives a relative measure of strength rather than a rigorous determination of compressive strength. Because of the lesser height to diameter ratio (1.15) of the cylinders, the compressive strength determined by Method A will normally be greater than that for Method B.  
4.2 Method B, because of the greater height to diameter ratio (2.00), gives a better measure of compressive strength from a technical viewpoint since it reduces complex stress conditions that may occur during the shearing of Method A specimens.  
4.3 In practice, Method A has been more commonly used than Method B. As a result, it has been customary to evaluate or specify compressive strength values as determined by Method A. A factor for converting compressive strength values based on height to diameter ratio is given in Section 8.3
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the compressive strength of soil-cement using molded cylinders as test specimens.  
1.2 Two alternative procedures are provided as follows:  
1.2.1 Method A—This procedure uses a test specimen prepared in a mold complying with Test Methods D698 (4.0 in. (101.6 mm) in diameter and 4.6 in. (116.8 mm) in height), sometimes referred to as a proctor mold, resulting in a height over diameter ratio of 1.15. This test method may be used only on materials with 30 % or less retained on the 19.0-mm (3/4-in.) sieve. See Note 2.  
1.2.2 Method B—This procedure uses a test specimen with a height over diameter ratio of 2.0 prepared in a cylindrical mold in accordance with Practice D1632 (2.8 in. (71.1 mm) in diameter and 9.0 in. (229 mm) in height). This test method is applicable to those materials that pass the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except as noted in below. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, and are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Sieve sizes are identified by the standard designations in Specification E11. The alternative sieve size designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.3.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs.  
1.3.2 The slug unit of mass is almost never used in commercial practice, that is, density, balances, etc. Therefore, the standard unit for mass in this standard is either kilogram (kg) or gram (g), or both. Also, the equivalent inch-pound unit (slug) is not given/presented in parentheses.  
1.3.3 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales, recordin...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended to provide the user with a procedure to determine the fluidity of CLSM mixtures for use as backfill or structural fill.  
5.2 This test method is considered applicable to fresh CLSM containing only sand as the aggregate or having coarse aggregate smaller than 19.0 mm [3/4 in.]. If the coarse aggregate is larger than 19.0 mm [3/4 in.], the test method is applicable when it is made on the fraction of CLSM passing a 19.0 mm [3/4 in.] sieve, with the larger aggregate being removed in accordance with the section on Additional Procedures for Large Maximum size Aggregate Concrete in Practice C172/C172M.
Note 1: Removing the coarse aggregate will alter the characteristics of the mix and therefore will give information only about the remaining material. It is suggested that for mixes containing coarse aggregate 19.0 mm [3/4 in.] or larger, a measurement of the slump by Test Method C143/C143M is more appropriate.  
5.3 For non-flowable CLSM, or for mixtures that do not come out of the flow cylinder easily, measure the slump as outlined in Test Method C143/C143M.  
5.4 This test method is one of a series of quality control tests that can be performed on CLSM during construction to monitor compliance with specification requirements. The other tests that can be used during construction control are Test Methods D4832, D6023, and D6024/D6024M.
Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determination of the flow consistency of fresh Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM). This test method applies to flowable CLSM with a maximum particle size of 19.0 mm [3/4 in.] or less, or to the portion of CLSM that passes a 19.0 mm [3/4 in.] sieve.  
1.2 The CLSM used to make the molded specimens shall be sampled after all on-site adjustments have been made to the mixture proportions, including the addition of mix water and any admixtures.  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 unless superseded by this test method.  
1.3.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.4.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight) while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F=ma) calculations are involved.  
1.4.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units: that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational sys...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice standardizes the preparation of soil-lime mixtures for laboratory testing by engineers and researchers interested in determining properties of soil when stabilized with lime. In this method, the mellowing period is mentioned, but no specific recommendations are made because the mellowing period to be used in testing depends upon each specific use.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection, and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the laboratory preparation of soil-lime mixtures for use in determining the effects of lime on soil properties (plasticity, strength, moisture-density relations, etc.) and the design of mixtures for construction.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved the ASTM consensus process.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is used to prepare soil-cement specimens for compressive and flexural strength testing in accordance with Method B of Test Methods D1633, Test Method D1634, and Test Method D1635.  
4.2 This practice does not apply to soil-cement specimens prepared in commonly available molds, which are 4.0 in. (101.6 mm) in diameter and 4.584 in. (116.4 mm) in height. For these size specimens, Methods D559 or Methods D560 should be used for sample preparation. Compressive strength testing should be in accordance with Method A of Test Method D1633.  
4.3 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for making and curing compression and flexure test specimens of soil-cement in the laboratory under accurate control of quantities of materials and test conditions.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except as noted below. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Sieve sizes are identified by the standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative sieve size designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.2.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight) while the unit for mass is slugs.  
1.2.2 The slug unit of mass is almost never used in commercial practice; that is, density, balances, etc. Therefore, the standard unit for mass in this standard is either kilogram (kg) or gram (g), or both. Also, the equivalent inch-pound unit (slug) is not given/presented in parantheses.  
1.2.3 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit for mass. However the use of balances or scales, recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 unless superseded by this test method.  
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice shall be used to provide a representative sample of the material for the purpose of testing various properties. The procedures used in sampling shall include the use of every precaution that will assist in obtaining samples that are truly representative of the nature and condition of the CLSM.
Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/ and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors. Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice explains the procedure for obtaining a representative sample of freshly mixed controlled low-strength material (CLSM) as delivered to the project site on which tests are to be performed to determine compliance with quality requirements of the specifications under which the CLSM is furnished (Note 1). This practice includes sampling from revolving-drum truck mixers and from agitating equipment used to transport central-mixed CLSM. This Practice is based on Practice C172 for concrete.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: Composite samples are required by this practice unless specifically excepted by procedures governing the tests to be performed, such as tests to determine uniformity of consistency and mixer efficiency. Procedures used to select the specific test batches are not described in this practice. It is recommended that random sampling be used to determine overall specification compliance.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a projects many unique aspects. The word “standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used primarily as a field test to determine the readiness of the CLSM to accept loads prior to adding a temporary or permanent wearing surface.  
5.2 This test method is not meant to predict the load bearing strength of a CLSM mixture.  
5.3 This test is one of a series of quality control tests that can be performed on CLSM during construction to monitor compliance with specification requirements. The other tests that can be used during construction control are Test Methods D4832, D6023, and D6103.  
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method explains the determination of the ability of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) to withstand loading by repeatedly dropping a metal weight onto the in-place material.  
1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.2.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units presented in brackets are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 CLSM is also known as flowable fill, controlled density fill, soil-cement slurry, soil-cement grout, unshrinkable fill, “K-Krete,” and other similar names.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides the user with a procedure to calculate the density of freshly mixed CLSM for determination of compliance with specifications, for determining mass/volume relationships or conversions such as those found in purchase agreements, and also for quality control purposes.  
5.2 This test method is intended to assist the user for quality control purposes and when specified to determine compliance for air content, yield, and cement content of freshly mixed CLSM.  
5.3 This test method is not meant to predict the air content of hardened CLSM, which may be either higher or lower than that determined by this test method.  
5.4 This test is one of a series of quality control tests that can be performed on CLSM during construction to monitor compliance with specification requirements. The other tests that can be used during construction control are Test Methods D4832, D6024/D6024M, and D6103.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/ and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluation some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method explains determination of the density (Note 1) of freshly mixed Controlled Low-Strength Material (CLSM) and gives formulas for calculating the yield, cement content, and the air content of the CLSM. This test method is based on Test Method C138/C138M for Concrete.  
Note 1: Unit Weight was the previous terminology used to describe the property determined by this test method, which is mass per unit volume.  
1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.2.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.  
1.3.1 The converted inch-pound units use the gravitational system of units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The converted slug is not given, unless dynamic (F=ma) calculations are involved.  
1.3.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate system of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarde...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are used to determine the resistance of compacted soil-cement specimens to repeated freezing and thawing. These test methods were developed to be used in conjunction with Test Methods D559/D559M and criteria given in the Soil-Cement Laboratory Handbook4 to determine the minimum amount of cement required in soil-cement to achieve a degree of hardness adequate to resist field weathering.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the soil-cement losses, water content changes, and volume changes (swell and shrinkage) produced by repeated freezing and thawing of hardened soil-cement specimens. The specimens are compacted in a mold, before cement hydration, to maximum density at optimum water content using the compaction procedure described in Test Methods D558.  
1.2 Two test methods, depending on soil gradation, are covered for preparation of material for molding specimens and for molding specimens as follows:    
Sections  
Test Method A, using soil material passing a 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve.
This method shall be used when 100 % of the soil sample passes
the 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve.  
7  
Test Method B, using soil material passing a [0.75-in.] 19.0-mm sieve.
This method shall be used when part of the soil sample is retained
on the 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve. This test method may be used only
on those materials that have 30 % or less retained on the 19.0 mm
[0.75-in.] sieve  
8  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.  
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected /recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.4.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.  
1.4.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of unit; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Compression testing of soil-lime specimens is performed to determine unconfined compressive strength of the cured soil-lime-water mixture to determine the suitability of the mixture for uses such as in pavement bases and subbases, stabilized subgrades, and structural fills.  
5.2 Compressive strength data are used in soil-lime mix design procedures: (a) to determine if a soil will achieve a significant strength increase with the addition of lime; (b) to group soil-lime mixtures into strength classes; (c) to study the effects of variables such as lime percentage, unit weight, water content, curing time, curing temperature, etc.; and (d) to estimate other engineering properties of soil-lime mixtures.  
5.3 Lime is generally classified as calcitic or dolomitic. Usually in soil stabilization, high-calcium lime [CaO] or dolomitic lime [CaO + MgO] are used. The lime is transformed from oxide to hydroxide form [[Ca(OH)2 or [Ca(OH)2 + Mg(OH)2]] by the addition of water in the soil, a slurry tank, or at a manufacturing facility. Lime may increase the strength of cohesive soil. The type of lime in combination with soil type influences the resulting compressive strength.
Note 2: The agency performing this test method can be evaluated in accordance with Practice D3740. Notwithstanding statements on precision and bias contained in this method: The precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facility used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not, in itself, ensure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for preparing, curing, and testing laboratory-compacted specimens of soil-lime and other lime-treated materials (Note 1) for determining unconfined compressive strength. Depending on the diameter to height ratio, two procedures for determining the unconfined compressive strength of compacted soil-lime mixtures have been developed for specimens prepared at the maximum unit weight and optimum water content, or for specimens prepared at other target unit weight and water content levels. Other applications are given in Section 5 on Significance and Use.
Note 1: Lime-based products other than commercial quicklime and hydrated lime are also used in the lime treatment of fine-grained cohesive soils. Lime kiln dust (LKD) is collected from the kiln exhaust gases by cyclone, electrostatic, or baghouse-type collection systems. Some lime producers hydrate various blends of LKD plus quicklime to produce a lime-based product.  
1.2 Cored specimens of soil-lime should be tested in accordance with Test Methods D2166/D2166M.  
1.3 Two alternative procedures are provided:  
1.3.1 Procedure A describes procedures for preparing and testing compacted soil-lime specimens having height-to-diameter ratios between 2.00 and 2.50. This test method provides the standard measure of compressive strength.  
1.3.2 Procedure B describes procedures for preparing and testing compacted soil-lime specimens using Test Methods D698 compaction equipment and molds commonly available in most soil testing laboratories. Procedure B is considered to provide relative measures of individual specimens in a suite of test specimens rather than standard compressive strength values. Because of the lesser height-to-diameter ratio (1.15) of the cylinders, compressive strength determined by Procedure B will normally be greater than that by Procedure A.  
1.3.3 Results of unconfined compressive strength tests using Procedure B should not be directly compared to those obtained using Procedure A.  
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guideline...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended to provide the user with a procedure to determine the fluidity of CLSM mixtures for use as backfill or structural fill.  
5.2 This test method is considered applicable to fresh CLSM containing only sand as the aggregate or having coarse aggregate smaller than 19.0 mm [3/4 in.]. If the coarse aggregate is larger than 19.0 mm [3/4 in.], the test method is applicable when it is made on the fraction of CLSM passing a 19.0 mm [3/4 in.] sieve, with the larger aggregate being removed in accordance with the section on Additional Procedures for Large Maximum size Aggregate Concrete in Practice C172.
Note 1: Removing the coarse aggregate will alter the characteristics of the mix and therefore will give information only about the remaining material. It is suggested that for mixes containing coarse aggregate 19.0 mm [3/4 in.] or larger, a measurement of the slump by Test Method C143/C143M is more appropriate.  
5.3 For non-flowable CLSM, or for mixtures that do not come out of the flow cylinder easily, measure the slump as outlined in Test Method C143/C143M.  
5.4 This test method is one of a series of quality control tests that can be performed on CLSM during construction to monitor compliance with specification requirements. The other tests that can be used during construction control are Test Methods D4832, D6023, and D6024/D6024M.
Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determination of the flow consistency of fresh Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM). This test method applies to flowable CLSM with a maximum particle size of 19.0 mm [3/4 in.] or less, or to the portion of CLSM that passes a 19.0 mm [3/4 in.] sieve.  
1.2 The CLSM used to make the molded specimens shall be sampled after all on-site adjustments have been made to the mixture proportions, including the addition of mix water and any admixtures.  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 unless superseded by this test method.  
1.3.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units (presented in brackets) are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight) while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F=ma) calculations are involved.  
1.4.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units: that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does n...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is used to prepare soil-cement specimens for compressive and flexural strength testing in accordance with Method B of Test Methods D1633, Test Method D1634, and Test Method D1635.  
4.2 This practice does not apply to soil-cement specimens prepared in commonly available molds, which are 4.0 in. (101.6 mm) in diameter and 4.584 in. (116.4 mm) in height. For these size specimens, Methods D559 or Methods D560 should be used for sample preparation. Compressive strength testing should be in accordance with Method A of Test Method D1633.  
4.3 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for making and curing compression and flexure test specimens of soil-cement in the laboratory under accurate control of quantities of materials and test conditions.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except as noted below. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Sieve sizes are identified by the standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative sieve size designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.2.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight) while the unit for mass is slugs.  
1.2.2 The slug unit of mass is almost never used in commercial practice; that is, density, balances, etc. Therefore, the standard unit for mass in this standard is either kilogram (kg) or gram (g), or both. Also, the equivalent inch-pound unit (slug) is not given/presented in parantheses.  
1.2.3 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit for mass. However the use of balances or scales, recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 unless superseded by this test method.  
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice standardizes the preparation of soil-lime mixtures for laboratory testing by engineers and researchers interested in determining properties of soil when stabilized with lime. In this method, mention is made of the mellowing period, but no specific recommendations are made because the mellowing period to be used in testing depends upon each specific use.
Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection, and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the laboratory preparation of soil-lime mixtures for use in determining the effects of lime on soil properties (plasticity, strength, moisture-density relations, etc.) and the design of mixtures for construction.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved the ASTM consensus process.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice covers the laboratory preparation of soil-lime mixtures for use in determining the effects of lime on soil properties (plasticity, strength, moisture-density relations, etc.) and the design of mixtures for construction.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D18 on Soil and Rock, this practice was withdrawn in January 2017 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides standardized requirements for the preparation, curing, transporting and testing of test cylinders of CLSM under field conditions by replicating a “field cure” of the material.  
5.1.1 If the cylinders are field cured, as stipulated herein, the resulting compressive strength test data may be used for the following purposes:
5.1.1.1 Acceptance testing for specified strength,
5.1.1.2 Checking the adequacy of mixture proportions for strength,
5.1.1.3 Quality control,
5.1.1.4 Determination of whether the CLSM is capable of being put in service,
5.1.1.5 Adequacy of curing.  
5.2 CLSM is typically used as a backfill material around structures, particularly in confined or limited spaces. Compressive strength testing is performed to assist in the design of the mix and to serve as a quality control technique during construction. Mix design is typically based on 28-day strengths and construction control tests performed 7 days after placement. The compressive strength(s) and other test age(s) will vary according to the requirements for the end product. Additional information on the use and history of CLSM is contained in Appendix X1.  
5.3 This test is one of a series of quality control tests that can be performed on CLSM during construction to monitor compliance with specification requirements. The other tests that can be used during construction control of CLSM are Practice D5971 and Test Methods D6023, D6024, and D6103.  
5.4 There are many other combinations of soil, cement, fly ash (cementitious or not), admixtures, water quality or other materials that could be tested using this method. The mixtures will vary depending on the intended use, availability of materials, and placement requirements.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are ge...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the preparation, curing, transporting and testing of cylindrical test specimens of controlled low strength material (CLSM) for the determination of compressive strength.  
1.2 This test method covers CLSM materials that have a higher strength than the soil but less than 8400 kPa (1200 psi). Typical strengths for most applications fall between 350 to 700 kPa (50 to 100 psi).  
1.3 The CLSM used to make the molded specimens shall be sampled after all on-site adjustments have been made to the mixture proportions, including the addition of mix water and any admixtures.  
1.4 This test method may be used to prepare and test cylindrical specimens of other mixtures of soil and cementitious materials, such as self-cementing fly ashes.  
1.5 CLSM is also known as flowable fill, controlled density fill, soil-cement slurry, soil-cement grout, unshrinkable fill, K-Krete, and other similar names.  
1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7.1 The converted inch-pound...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides standardized requirements for the preparation, curing, transporting and testing of test cylinders of CLSM under field conditions by replicating a “field cure” of the material.  
5.1.1 If the cylinders are field cured, as stipulated herein, the resulting compressive strength test data may be used for the following purposes:
5.1.1.1 Acceptance testing for specified strength,
5.1.1.2 Checking the adequacy of mixture proportions for strength,
5.1.1.3 Quality control,
5.1.1.4 Determination of whether the CLSM is capable of being put in service,
5.1.1.5 Adequacy of curing.  
5.2 CLSM is typically used as a backfill material around structures, particularly in confined or limited spaces. Compressive strength testing is performed to assist in the design of the mix and to serve as a quality control technique during construction. Mix design is typically based on 28-day strengths and construction control tests performed 7 days after placement. The compressive strength(s) and other test age(s) will vary according to the requirements for the end product. Additional information on the use and history of CLSM is contained in Appendix X1.  
5.3 This test is one of a series of quality control tests that can be performed on CLSM during construction to monitor compliance with specification requirements. The other tests that can be used during construction control of CLSM are Practice D5971 and Test Methods D6023, D6024, and D6103.  
5.4 There are many other combinations of soil, cement, fly ash (cementitious or not), admixtures, water quality or other materials that could be tested using this method. The mixtures will vary depending on the intended use, availability of materials, and placement requirements.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are ge...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the preparation, curing, transporting and testing of cylindrical test specimens of controlled low strength material (CLSM) for the determination of compressive strength.  
1.2 This test method covers CLSM materials that have a higher strength than the soil but less than 8400 kPa (1200 psi). Typical strengths for most applications fall between 350 to 700 kPa (50 to 100 psi).  
1.3 The CLSM used to make the molded specimens shall be sampled after all on-site adjustments have been made to the mixture proportions, including the addition of mix water and any admixtures.  
1.4 This test method may be used to prepare and test cylindrical specimens of other mixtures of soil and cementitious materials, such as self-cementing fly ashes.  
1.5 CLSM is also known as flowable fill, controlled density fill, soil-cement slurry, soil-cement grout, unshrinkable fill, K-Krete, and other similar names.  
1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.  
1.7 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units, which are provided for information only and are not conside...

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for making and curing compression and flexure test specimens of soil-cement in the laboratory under accurate control of quantities of materials and test conditions.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound equivalents are shown for information only.
1.3 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice covers the procedure for making and curing compression and flexure test specimens of soil-cement in the laboratory under accurate control of quantities of materials and test conditions.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D18 on Soil and Rock, this practice was withdrawn in July 2016 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Method A makes use of the same compaction equipment and molds commonly available in soil laboratories and used for other soil-cement tests. It is considered that Method A gives a relative measure of strength rather than a rigorous determination of compressive strength. Because of the lesser height to diameter ratio (1.15) of the cylinders, the compressive strength determined by Method A will normally be greater than that for Method B.
Method B, because of the greater height to diameter ratio (2.00), gives a better measure of compressive strength from a technical viewpoint since it reduces complex stress conditions that may occur during the shearing of Method A specimens.
In practice, Method A has been more commonly used than Method B. As a result, it has been customary to evaluate or specify compressive strength values as determined by Method A. A factor for converting compressive strength values based on height to diameter ratio is given in Section 8.3  
Note 1—The agency performing this test method can be evaluated in accordance with Practice D 3740. Not withstanding statements on precision and bias contained in this test method: the precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not, in itself, ensure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the compressive strength of soil-cement using molded cylinders as test specimens.
1.2 Two alternative procedures are provided as follows:
1.2.1 Method A - This procedure uses a test specimen 4.0 in. (101.6 mm) in diameter and 4.584 in. (116.4 mm) in height. Height to diameter ratio equals 1.15. This test method made be used only on materials with 30 % or less retained on the 3/4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve. See Note 3.
1.2.2 Method B - This procedure uses a test specimen 2.8 in. (71.1 mm) in diameter and 5.6 in. (142.2 mm) in height. Height to diameter ratio equals 2.00. This test method is applicable to those materials that pass the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except as noted in 1.4.1-1.4.3. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, and are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs.
1.4.2 The slug unit of mass is almost never used in commercial practice (density, scales, balances, etc.). Therefore, the standard unit for mass in this standard is either kilogram (kg) or gram (g), or both. Also, the equivalent inch-pound unit (slug) is not given.
1.4.3 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession in the United States to use concurrently pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This use combines two separate system of units, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated in 1.4.2, this standard uses the gravitational system and does not present the slug unit for mass. However, the use of scales or balances recording pounds of mass (lbm) or the recording of density in lbm/ft3  shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of t...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides the user with a procedure to calculate the density of freshly mixed CLSM for determination of compliance with specifications, for determining mass/volume relationships or conversions such as those found in purchase agreements, and also for quality control purposes.  
5.2 This test method is intended to assist the user for quality control purposes and when specified to determine compliance for air content, yield, and cement content of freshly mixed CLSM.  
5.3 This test method is not meant to predict the air content of hardened CLSM, which may be either higher or lower than that determined by this test method.  
5.4 This test is one of a series of quality control tests that can be performed on CLSM during construction to monitor compliance with specification requirements. The other tests that can be used during construction control are Test Methods D4832, D6024/D6024M, and D6103.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/ and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluation some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method explains determination of the density (Note 1) of freshly mixed Controlled Low-Strength Material (CLSM) and gives formulas for calculating the yield, cement content, and the air content of the CLSM. This test method is based on Test Method C138/C138M for Concrete.  
Note 1: Unit Weight was the previous terminology used to describe the property determined by this test method, which is mass per unit volume.  
1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.2.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.  
1.3.1 The converted inch-pound units use the gravitational system of units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The converted slug is not given, unless dynamic (F=ma) calculations are involved.  
1.3.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate system of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarde...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are used to determine the resistance of compacted soil-cement specimens to repeated freezing and thawing. These test methods were developed to be used in conjunction with Test Methods D559/D559M and criteria given in the Soil-Cement Laboratory Handbook4 to determine the minimum amount of cement required in soil-cement to achieve a degree of hardness adequate to resist field weathering.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the soil-cement losses, water content changes, and volume changes (swell and shrinkage) produced by repeated freezing and thawing of hardened soil-cement specimens. The specimens are compacted in a mold, before cement hydration, to maximum density at optimum water content using the compaction procedure described in Test Methods D558.  
1.2 Two test methods, depending on soil gradation, are covered for preparation of material for molding specimens and for molding specimens as follows:    
Sections  
Test Method A, using soil material passing a 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve.
This method shall be used when 100 % of the soil sample passes
the 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve.  
7  
Test Method B, using soil material passing a [0.75-in.] 19.0-mm sieve.
This method shall be used when part of the soil sample is retained
on the 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve. This test method may be used only
on those materials that have 30 % or less retained on the 19.0 mm
[0.75-in.] sieve  
8  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.  
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected /recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.4.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.  
1.4.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of unit; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are used to determine the resistance of compacted soil-cement specimens to repeated wetting and drying. These test methods were developed to be used in conjunction with Test Methods D560/D560M and criteria given in the Soil-Cement Laboratory Handbook4 to determine the minimum amount of cement required in soil-cement to achieve a degree of hardness adequate to resist field weathering.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the soil-cement losses, water content changes, and volume changes (swell and shrinkage) produced by repeated wetting and drying of hardened soil-cement specimens. The specimens are compacted in a mold, before cement hydration, to maximum density at optimum water content using the compaction procedure described in Test Methods D558.  
1.2 Two test methods, depending on soil gradation, are covered for preparation of material for molding specimens and for molding specimens as follows:    
Sections  
Test Method A, using soil material passing a 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve.
This method shall be used when 100 % of the soil sample passes the 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve.  
7  
Test Method B, using soil material passing a 19.0 mm [0.75-in.] sieve.
This method shall be used when part of the soil sample is retained on the 4.75-mm [No. 4] sieve.
This test method may be used only on materials with 30 % or less retained on the 19.0-mm [0.75-in.] sieve.  
8  
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.  
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.  
1.4.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.  
1.4.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two sepa...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The soil-lime pH test is performed as a test to indicate the soil-lime proportion needed to maintain the elevated pH necessary for sustaining the reactions required to stabilize a soil. The test derives from Eades and Grim.  
Performance tests are normally conducted in a laboratory to verify the results of this test method.
This test method will not provide reliable information relative to the potential reactivity of a particular soil, nor will it provide information on the magnitude of increased strength to be realized upon treatment of this soil with the indicated percentage of lime.
This test method can be used to estimate the percentage of lime as hydrated lime or quicklime needed to stabilize soil.
Agricultural lime (crushed limestone) will not stabilize soil.
Note 1—Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this test method: The precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not itself ensure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on several factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a means for estimating the soil-lime proportion requirement for stabilization of a soil. This test method is performed on soil passing the −425-μm (No. 40) sieve. The optimum soil-lime proportion for soil stabilization is determined by tests of specific characteristics of stabilized soil such as unconfined compressive strength or plasticity index.
1.2 Some highly alkaline by-products (lime kiln dust, cement kiln dust, and so forth) have been successfully used to stabilize soil. This test method is not intended for these materials and any such product would need to be tested for specific characteristics as indicated in 1.1.  
1.3 This test method is used to determine the lowest percentage of lime that results in a soil-lime pH of 12.4.
1.4 Lime is not an effective stabilizing agent for all soils. Some soil components such as sulfates, phosphates, organics, and so forth can adversely affect soil-lime reactions and may produce erroneous results using this test method.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method provides a means for estimating the soil-lime proportion requirement for stabilization of a soil. This test method is performed on soil passing the −425-μm (No. 40) sieve. The optimum soil-lime proportion for soil stabilization is determined by tests of specific characteristics of stabilized soil such as unconfined compressive strength or plasticity index.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D18 on Soil and Rock, this test method was withdrawn in July 2015 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended for use in the laboratory and as a research tool for determining relative compressive strength values for various soil-cement mixtures. It is not intended as an alternative for Test Method D 1633 and the test values obtained by these two test methods are not interchangeable and not necessarily comparable. A comparison of strengths obtained by Test Methods D 1633 and D 1634 is given in Footnote 4.3  
Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the compressive strength of soil-cement, using for test specimens portions of beams broken in flexure in accordance with Test Method D 1635.
1.2 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 The converted inch-pound units use the gravitational system of units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The converted slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of the compressive strength of soil-cement, using for test specimens portions of beams broken in flexure in accordance with Test Method D1635.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D18 on Soil and Rock, this test method was withdrawn in July 2015 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used primarily as a field test to determine the readiness of the CLSM to accept loads prior to adding a temporary or permanent wearing surface.  
5.2 This test method is not meant to predict the load bearing strength of a CLSM mixture.  
5.3 This test is one of a series of quality control tests that can be performed on CLSM during construction to monitor compliance with specification requirements. The other tests that can be used during construction control are Test Methods D4832, D6023, and D6103.  
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method explains the determination of the ability of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) to withstand loading by repeatedly dropping a metal weight onto the in-place material.  
1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.2.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units presented in brackets are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 CLSM is also known as flowable fill, controlled density fill, soil-cement slurry, soil-cement grout, unshrinkable fill, “K-Krete,” and other similar names.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice shall be used to provide a representative sample of the material for the purpose of testing various properties. The procedures used in sampling shall include the use of every precaution that will assist in obtaining samples that are truly representative of the nature and condition of the CLSM.Note 2—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/ and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors. Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice explains the procedure for obtaining a representative sample of freshly mixed controlled low-strength material (CLSM) as delivered to the project site on which tests are to be performed to determine compliance with quality requirements of the specifications under which the CLSM is furnished (Note 1). This practice includes sampling from revolving-drum truck mixers and from agitating equipment used to transport central-mixed CLSM. This Practice is based on Practice C172 for concrete.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.Note 1—Composite samples are required by this practice unless specifically excepted by procedures governing the tests to be performed, such as tests to determine uniformity of consistency and mixer efficiency. Procedures used to select the specific test batches are not described in this practice. It is recommended that random sampling be used to determine overall specification compliance.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a projects many unique aspects. The word “standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are used to determine the resistance of compacted soil-cement specimens to repeated freezing and thawing. These test methods were developed to be used in conjunction with Test Methods D 559 and criteria given in the Soil-Cement Laboratory Handbook7 to determine the minimum amount of cement required in soil-cement to achieve a degree of hardness adequate to resist field weathering.
Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the soil-cement losses, water content changes, and volume changes (swell and shrinkage) produced by repeated freezing and thawing of hardened soil-cement specimens. The specimens are compacted in a mold, before cement hydration, to maximum density at optimum water content using the compaction procedure described in Test Methods D 558.
1.2 Two test methods, depending on soil gradation, are covered for preparation of material for molding specimens and for molding specimens as follows:SectionsTest Method A, using soil material passing a No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve.This method shall be used when 100 % of the soil sample passes the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve7Test Method B, using soil material passing a 3/4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve.This method shall be used when part of the soil sample is retainedon the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve. This test method may be used onlyon those materials that have 30 % or less retained on the 3/4-in.(19.0 mm) sieve8
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except as noted below. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, and are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs.
1.4.2 The slug unit of mass is almost never used in commercial practice (density, scales, balances, etc.). Therefore, the standard unit for mass in this standard is either kilogram (kg) or gram (g), or both. Also, the equivalent inch-pound unit (slug) is not given.
1.4.3 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of unit; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated in 1.4.2, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft³ shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
These test methods cover procedures for determining the soil-cement losses, water content changes, and volume changes (swell and shrinkage) produced by repeated freezing and t...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are used to determine the resistance of compacted soil-cement specimens to repeated wetting and drying. These test methods were developed to be used in conjunction with Test Methods D 560 and criteria given in the Soil-Cement Laboratory Handbook7 to determine the minimum amount of cement required in soil-cement to achieve a degree of hardness adequate to resist field weathering.
Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the soil-cement losses, water content changes, and volume changes (swell and shrinkage) produced by repeated wetting and drying of hardened soil-cement specimens. The specimens are compacted in a mold, before cement hydration, to maximum density at optimum water content using the compaction procedure described in Test Methods D 558.
1.2 Two test methods, depending on soil gradation, are covered for preparation of material for molding specimens and for molding specimens as follows:SectionsTest Method A, using soil material passing a No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve. This method shall be used when 100 % of the soil sample passes the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve .........7Test Method B, using soil material passing a 3/4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve. This method shall be used when part of the soil sample is retained on the No. 4 (4.75-mm) sieve. This test method may be used only on materials with 30 % orless retained on the 3/4-in. (19.0-mm) sieve. ..................8
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard, except as noted below. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, and are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs.
1.4.2 The slug unit of mass is almost never used in commercial practice (density, scales, balances, etc.). Therefore, the standard unit for mass in this standard is either kilogram (kg) or gram (g) or both. Also, the equivalent inch-pound unit (slug) is not given.
1.4.3 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated in 1.4.2, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft³ shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
These test methods cover procedures for determining the soil-cement losses, water content changes, and volume changes (swell and shrinkage) produced by rep...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended for use with fly ash that can be used separately or along with other stabilizing admixtures to improve soil properties.  
4.2 The characterization of the physical and chemical properties of the fly ash shall assist in the evaluation of the fly ash for soil stabilization.  
4.3 This practice is not intended to limit the flexibility of design in soil stabilization. The degree of success attained in soil stabilization is highly dependent on the particular combination of soil, fly ash, and other additives and the construction procedure used. Demonstrated sound engineering procedures that result in appropriate physical characteristics are acceptable. The selection of appropriate materials, applicable tests, acceptance criteria, and specification is the responsibility of the design engineer.Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for characterizing fly ash to be used in soil stabilization. This practice lists representative test methods for determining the chemical, physical, and cementitious properties of fly ash. A broad guideline is provided in Appendix X1 that explains the significance of these properties in soil stabilization.  
1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.  
1.2.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound equivalents are shown for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.  
1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process..  
1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to determine the flexural strength of soil-cement. Flexural strength is significant in pavement design and is used to determine slab thickness.
Note 2—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexural strength of soil-cement by the use of a simple beam with third-point loading.
Note 1—For methods of molding soil-cement specimens, see Practice D1632.  
1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 unless superseded by this standard.
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. The SI units are presented in brackets.
1.3.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inchpound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended for the preparation of standard specimens of soil-asphalt mixtures suitable for tests of Test Methods , D1560, D1561, D4123, and other tests using specimens of the above dimensions. This practice is limited to only fine-grained soils as defined in 6.1.
Note 1—The quality of the results produced by this practice is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, and so forth. Users of this practice are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the selection and proportioning of soils and emulsified or cutback asphalts and the fabrication of 100-mm [4-in.] diameter by 65-mm [2.5-in.] high test specimens.
1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units [presented in brackets] are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight) while the unit for mass is slugs. The rationalized slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F=ma) calculations are involved.
1.3.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.
1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ^REFERENCE:
ASTM Standards:  
C117 Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D977 Specification for Emulsified Asphalt
D1074 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Bituminous Mixtures
D1188 Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravit...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method determines cement content in mixtures of cement with soil or aggregate by chemical analysis. It was developed primarily for testing samples for which a significant degree of cement hydration or hardening has taken place. Test Methods D 2901 or D 5982 may be used for determining cement content of freshly mixed soil-cement mixtures.
This test method is based on determination by chemical analysis of the calcium oxide (CaO) content of the sample. The method may not be applicable to soil-cement materials containing soils or aggregates which yield significant amounts of dissolved calcium oxide (CaO) under the conditions of the test.
Note 1—The agency performing this test method can be evaluated in accordance with Practice D 3740. Not withstanding statements on precision and bias contained in this test method: the precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not, in itself, ensure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination by chemical analysis of cement content of hardened soil-cement mixtures.
1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard precautions, see Section .

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These tests determine the optimum water content and maximum density (unit weight) to be used for molding soil-cement specimens in accordance with Test Methods D559 and D560.  
Note 1—Since these tests are used in conjunction with Test Methods D559 and D560 and the criteria referenced therein, the test differs in several aspects from Test Method D698. There are three main differences between this standard and Test Method D698. Firstly, this standard allows a maximum particle size of ¾-in. (19.0 mm) for a 4-in. (101.6-mm) mold while Test Method D698 allows a maximum particle size of 3/8-in. (9.5-mm) for the same size mold. Secondly, this standard permits the material leftover after the water content specimen has been obtained to be mixed with the rest of the sample and reused for the next determination. Test Method D698 does not permit the material to be reused. Thirdly, this standard allows the material that is retained on the ¾-in. (19.0-mm) and passing the 3-in. (75-mm) to be discarded (scalping technique) and replaced with an equal mass of material that passes the ¾ -in. (19.0-mm) sieve and is retained on the No.4 (4.75-mm) sieve. Test Method D698 does not permit the scalp and replacement technique.
Note 2—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the relationship between the water content and the density of soil-cement mixtures when compacted before cement hydration as prescribed.
1.2 A 1/30-ft 3  (944-cm3) mold and a 5.50-lbf (24.5-N or mass of 2.49-kg) rammer dropped from a height of 12.0 in. (30.5 cm) are used and two methods, depending on soil gradation, are covered, as follows:

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides standardized requirements for the preparation, curing, transporting and testing of test cylinders of CLSM under field conditions by replicating a “field cure” of the material.
If the cylinders are field cured, as stipulated herein, the resulting compressive strength test data may be used for the following purposes:
Acceptance testing for specified strength,
Checking the adequacy of mixture proportions for strength,
Quality control,
Determination of whether the CLSM is capable of being put in service,
Adequacy of curing.
CLSM is typically used as a backfill material around structures, particularly in confined or limited spaces. Compressive strength testing is performed to assist in the design of the mix and to serve as a quality control technique during construction. Mix design is typically based on 28-day strengths and construction control tests performed 7 days after placement. The compressive strength(s) and other test age(s) will vary according to the requirements for the end product. Additional information on the use and history of CLSM is contained in Appendix X1.
This test is one of a series of quality control tests that can be performed on CLSM during construction to monitor compliance with specification requirements. The other tests that can be used during construction control of CLSM are Practice D5971 and Test Methods D6023, D6024, and D6103.
There are many other combinations of soil, cement, fly ash (cementitious or not), admixtures, water quality or other materials that could be tested using this method. The mixtures will vary depending on the intended use, availability of materials, and placement requirements.
Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/samp...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the preparation, curing, transporting and testing of cylindrical test specimens of controlled low strength material (CLSM) for the determination of compressive strength.  
1.2 This test method covers CLSM materials that have a higher strength than the soil but less than 8400 kPa (1200 psi). Typical strengths for most applications fall between 350 to 700 kPa (50 to 100 psi).
1.3 The CLSM used to make the molded specimens shall be sampled after all on-site adjustments have been made to the mixture proportions, including the addition of mix water and any admixtures.
1.4 This test method may be used to prepare and test cylindrical specimens of other mixtures of soil and cementitious materials, such as self-cementing fly ashes.
1.5 CLSM is also known as flowable fill, controlled density fill, soil-cement slurry, soil-cement grout, unshrinkable fill, K-Krete, and other similar names.
1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound equivalents given in brackets are, in most cases, rationalized units and are shown for information only.
1.8 This standard does not ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Compression testing of soil-lime specimens is performed to determine unconfined compressive strength of the cured soil-lime-water mixture to determine the suitability of the mixture for uses such as in pavement bases and subbases, stabilized subgrades, and structural fills.
Compressive strength data are used in soil-lime mix design procedures: (a) to determine if a soil will achieve a significant strength increase with the addition of lime; (b) to group soil-lime mixtures into strength classes; (c) to study the effects of variables such as lime percentage, unit weight, water content, curing time, curing temperature, etc.; and (d) to estimate other engineering properties of soil-lime mixtures.
Lime is generally classified as calcitic or dolomitic. Usually in soil stabilization, high-calcium lime [CaO] or dolomitic lime [CaO + MgO] are used. The lime is transformed from oxide to hydroxide form [[Ca(OH)2 or [Ca(OH)2 + Mg(OH)2]] by the addition of water in the soil, a slurry tank, or at a manufacturing facility. Lime may increase the strength of cohesive soil. The type of lime in combination with soil type influences the resulting compressive strength.
Note 2—The agency performing this test method can be evaluated in accordance with Practice D3740. Not withstanding statements on precision and bias contained in this method: The precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facility used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not, in itself, ensure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for preparing, curing, and testing laboratory-compacted specimens of soil-lime and other lime-treated materials (Note 1) for determining unconfined compressive strength. This test method can be used for specimens prepared at the maximum unit weight and optimum water content, or for specimens prepared at other target unit weight and water content levels. Other applications are given in Section 5 on Significance and Use.
Note 1—Lime-based products other than commercial quicklime and hydrated lime are also used in the lime treatment of fine-grained cohesive soils. Lime kiln dust (LKD) is collected from the kiln exhaust gases by cyclone, electrostatic, or baghouse-type collection systems. Some lime producers hydrate various blends of LKD plus quicklime to produce a lime-based product.  
1.2 Cored specimens of soil-lime should be tested in accordance with Test Methods D2166.
1.3 Two alternative procedures are provided:  
1.3.1 Procedure A describes procedures for preparing and testing compacted soil-lime specimens having height-to-diameter ratios between 2.00 and 2.50. This test method provides the standard measure of compressive strength.
1.3.2 Procedure B describes procedures for preparing and testing compacted soil-lime specimens using Test Methods D698 compaction equipment and molds commonly available in most soil testing laboratories. Procedure B is considered to provide relative measures of individual specimens in a suite of test specimens rather than standard compressive strength values. Because of the lesser height-to-diameter ratio (1.15) of the cylinders, compressive strength determined by Procedure B will normally be greater than that by Procedure A.  
1.3.3 Results of unconfined compressive strength tests using Procedure B should not be directly compared to those obtained using Procedure A.
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.4.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in th...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test is intended for materials that will penetrate soil voids and rock fissures. Viscosity alone is not necessarily an exact index of grout penetrability.
Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with of Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on mnay factors; of Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of viscosity of catalysed chemical grouts with the Brookfield viscometer (laboratory method), over the range from 1.0 to 1000 cP (0.001 to 1 Pa·s).
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This test method offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Data from these tests may be used for structural design purposes. Adequate safety factors, based on engineering judgment must be determined by the user.
Note 2—Sampling procedures for in-situ specimens have a major influence on test results. Specimens carefully trimmed in the laboratory from large block samples taken in the field have the least chance of fracturing prior to testing. Sample preparation methods of laboratory-fabricated specimens also have a major influence on test results. Specimens should be fabricated in accordance with Test Method D 4320.
Note 3—The quality of the result produced by this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of long-term strength and deformation of a cylindrical specimen of either a (undisturbed) field sample or laboratory-fabricated chemical grouted soil when it is sheared undrained in compression under a constant sustained load.
Note 1—The voids of chemical grouted soils are most often substantially filled with grout. Thus, pore pressures are unlikely to develop. This test method is not applicable to partially grouted soils in which substantial pore pressures may develop. If pore pressures must be measured, reference is made to Test Method D 4767 for equipment and procedures.  
1.2 This test method provides data useful in determining strength and deformation properties of chemical grouted soils subjected to sustained loads. Mohr strength envelopes may also be determined.
1.3 The determination of strength envelopes and the development of relationships to aid in interpreting and evaluating test results are left to the engineer or office requesting the test.
1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values in each system may not be exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This test method offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method explains determination of the density (Note 1) of freshly mixed Controlled Low-Strength Material (CLSM) and gives formulas for calculating the yield, cement content, and the air content of the CLSM. This test method is based on Test Method C 138 for Concrete.
Note 1- Unit Weight was the previous terminology used to describe the property determined by this test method, which is mass per unit volume.
1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.
1.2.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound equivalents are shown for information only.
1.4 CLSM is also known as flowable fill, controlled density fill, soil-cement slurry, soil-cement grout, unshrinkable fill, "K-Krete," and other similar names.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning: Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method explains the determination of the ability of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) to withstand loading by repeatedly dropping a metal weight onto the in-place material.
1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.
1.2.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this test method is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound equivalents are shown for information only.
1.4 CLSM is also known as flowable fill, controlled density fill, soil-cement slurry, soil-cement grout, unshrinkable fill, "K-Krete," and other similar names.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning: Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)

SCOPE
1.1 This practice explains the procedure for obtaining a representative sample of freshly mixed controlled low-strength material (CLSM) as delivered to the project site on which tests are to be performed to determine compliance with quality requirements of the specifications under which the CLSM is furnished (Note 1). This practice includes sampling from revolving-drum truck mixers and from agitating equipment used to transport central-mixed CLSM. This Practice is based on Practice C 172 for concrete.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound equivalents are shown for information only.Composite samples are required by this practice unless specifically excepted by procedures governing the tests to be performed, such as tests to determine uniformity of consistency and mixer efficiency. Procedures used to select the specific test batches are not described in this practice. It is recommended that random sampling be used to determine overall specification compliance.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning: Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)
1.3 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a projects many unique aspects. The word "standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the cement content of fresh soil-cement. This test method can be used for determining the cement content of specimens that contain 3 to 16 % cement. This test method is appropriate for soil-cement containing up to 55 % plus 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve-size particles with a maximum particle size of 75 mm (3 in.). It should not be used for determining the Class F pozzolan content of these mixtures.
1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.
1.2.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this test method are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the users objectives; it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data commensurate with such considerations. It is beyond the scope of this test method to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8 .

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is used to prepare soil-cement specimens for compressive and flexural strength testing in accordance with Method B of Test Method D 1633, Test Method D 1634, and Test Method D 1635.
This practice does not apply to soil-cement specimens prepared in commonly available molds, which are 4.0 in. (101.6 mm) in diameter and 4.584 in. (116.4 mm) in height. For these size specimens, Methods D 559 or Methods D 560 should be used for sample preparation. Compressive strength testing should be in accordance with Method A of Test Method D 1633.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for making and curing compression and flexure test specimens of soil-cement in the laboratory under accurate control of quantities of materials and test conditions.
1.2 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method determines cement content in mixtures of cement with soil or aggregate by chemical analysis. It was developed primarily for testing samples for which a significant degree of cement hydration or hardening has taken place. Test Methods D 2901 or D 5982 may be used for determining cement content of freshly mixed soil-cement mixtures.
This test method is based on determination by chemical analysis of the calcium oxide (CaO) content of the sample. The method may not be applicable to soil-cement materials containing soils or aggregates which yield significant amounts of dissolved calcium oxide (CaO) under the conditions of the test.
Note 1—The agency performing this test method can be evaluated in accordance with Practice D 3740. Not withstanding statements on precision and bias contained in this test method: the precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not, in itself, ensure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination by chemical analysis of cement content of hardened soil-cement mixtures.
1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard precautions, see Section .

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The soil-lime pH test is performed as a test to indicate the soil-lime proportion needed to maintain the elevated pH necessary for sustaining the reactions required to stabilize a soil. The test derives from Eades and Grim.3  
Performance tests are normally conducted in a laboratory to verify the results of this test method.
This test method will not provide reliable information relative to the potential reactivity of a particular soil, nor will it provide information on the magnitude of increased strength to be realized upon treatment of this soil with the indicated percentage of lime.
This test method can be used to estimate the percentage of lime as hydrated lime or quicklime needed to stabilize soil.
Agricultural lime (crushed limestone) will not stabilize soil.
Note 1—Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this test method: The precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not itself ensure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on several factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a means for estimating the soil-lime proportion requirement for stabilization of a soil. This test method is performed on soil passing the 425-m (No. 40) sieve. The optimum soil-lime proportion for soil stabilization is determined by tests of specific characteristics of stabilized soil such as unconfined compressive strength or plasticity index.
1.2 Some highly alkaline by-products (lime kiln dust, cement kiln dust, and so forth) have been successfully used to stabilize soil. This test method is not intended for these materials and any such product would need to be tested for specific characteristics as indicated in .
1.3 This test method is used to determine the lowest percentage of lime that results in a soil-lime pH of 12.4.
1.4 Lime is not an effective stabilizing agent for all soils. Some soil components such as sulfates, phosphates, organics, and so forth can adversely affect soil-lime reactions and may produce erroneous results using this test method.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.