F09.94 - Terminology

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology primarily covers definitions for technical terms that occur in ASTM Committee F09 standards on the characteristics and performance of tires.  
1.2 Definitions for terms that may also be used in other technologies, such as vehicle behavior, are worded to cover both areas.  
1.3 When any definition in this terminology (that does not have the limiting phrase) is quoted out of context, editorially insert the limiting phrase in a tire after the dash following the term. This will properly limit the field of application of the term and definition.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Tire testing operations usually consist of a sequence of tests that involve special “reference” tires in addition to the candidate tires being evaluated for their performance characteristics. Reference tires serve as an “internal benchmark” which may be used to adjust for variation in test results to give improved comparisons among the candidate tires. Numerous approaches have been adopted using different terminology for such testing. This causes confusion and the purpose of this practice is to standardize some of the elementary concepts and terminology on this topic.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice presents some basic concepts for tire testing and a standard set of terms relating to the use of reference tires frequently used for comprehensive tire testing programs. The tests may be conducted in a laboratory on various dynamometer wheels or other apparatus as well as at outdoor proving ground facilities. The overall objective of this practice is to develop some elementary principles for such testing and standardize the terms used in these operations. This will improve communication among those conducting these tests as well as those using the results of such testing.  
1.2 In addition to the basic concepts and terminology, a statistical model for tire testing operations is also presented in Annex A1. This serves as a mathematical and conceptual foundation for the terms and other testing concepts; it will improve understanding. The annex can also serve for future consultation as this practice is expanded to address additional aspects of the testing process.  
1.3 This overall topic requires a comprehensive treatment with a sequential or hierarchical development of terms with substantial background discussion. This cannot be accommodated in Terminology F538.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice fulfills the need for a standardized system for identifying and describing the tread pattern features of tires that are characteristic of intermediate states of treadwear short of total wear out. This descriptive capability is especially important in testing programs devoted to the development of improved performance tires. It is also important in assessing and evaluating tires after periods of typical tire usage.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides the instructions and nomenclature to evaluate the wear features of the tread pattern on a tire for some intermediate state prior to wear out.  
1.2 A tire may be characterized by certain worn tread pattern conditions that are collectively referred to as “irregular wear” features. Definitions for these features are given in a special logical and conceptual sequence. First, basic tread pattern definitions are given. Then, additional tread pattern definitions directly related to the basic tread pattern definitions are given. Understanding these secondary definitions requires the knowledge of the basic definitions.  
1.3 Based on the terms of this developed system of tread pattern definitions or descriptions, a set of treadwear descriptions is presented that encompasses both regular wear and irregular wear features.  
1.4 This hierarchical arrangement produces the accurate and concise definitions needed to evaluate the complex irregular wear conditions of tires.  
1.5 See Fig. 1 for tread pattern features or characteristics. See Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 for typical illustrations of regular or uniform and irregular treadwear features.
FIG. 1 Tread Pattern Characteristics  
FIG. 2 Uniform or Regular Wear  
FIG. 3 Types of Irregular Wear
FIG. 3 Types of Irregular Wear (continued)
FIG. 3 Types of Irregular Wear (continued)
FIG. 3 Types of Irregular Wear (continued)
FIG. 3 Types of Irregular Wear (continued)
Note 1: Images courtesy of The Technology & Maintenance Council of the American Trucking Associations, reference Radial Tire Conditions Analysis Guide, Item # T0121. For more information, contact TMC: (703) 838-1763; tmc@trucking.org; http://tmc.trucking.org.
Note 2: Images courtesy of the Tire Industry Association, reference Passenger and Light Truck Tire Conditions Manual, www.tireindustry.org.
Note 3: In illustrations (h), (l), and (m), the ‘light’ or ‘featureless’ areas indicate high wear rate zones.
Note 4: Images courtesy of the U.S. Tire Manufacturers Association, reference Care and Service of Passenger and Light Truck Tires Manual, www.ustires.org.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology primarily covers definitions for technical terms that occur in ASTM Committee F09 standards on the characteristics and performance of tires.  
1.2 Definitions for terms that may also be used in other technologies, such as vehicle behavior, are worded to cover both areas.  
1.3 When any definition in this terminology (that does not have the limiting phrase) is quoted out of context, editorially insert the limiting phrase in a tire after the dash following the term. This will properly limit the field of application of the term and definition.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Tire testing operations usually consist of a sequence of tests that involve special “reference” tires in addition to the candidate tires being evaluated for their performance characteristics. Reference tires serve as an “internal benchmark” which may be used to adjust for variation in test results to give improved comparisons among the candidate tires. Numerous approaches have been adopted using different terminology for such testing. This causes confusion and the purpose of this practice is to standardize some of the elementary concepts and terminology on this topic.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice presents some basic concepts for tire testing and a standard set of terms relating to the use of reference tires frequently used for comprehensive tire testing programs. The tests may be conducted in a laboratory on various dynamometer wheels or other apparatus as well as at outdoor proving ground facilities. The overall objective of this practice is to develop some elementary principles for such testing and standardize the terms used in these operations. This will improve communication among those conducting these tests as well as those using the results of such testing.  
1.2 In addition to the basic concepts and terminology, a statistical model for tire testing operations is also presented in Annex A1. This serves as a mathematical and conceptual foundation for the terms and other testing concepts; it will improve understanding. The annex can also serve for future consultation as this practice is expanded to address additional aspects of the testing process.  
1.3 This overall topic requires a comprehensive treatment with a sequential or hierarchical development of terms with substantial background discussion. This cannot be accommodated in Terminology F538.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology primarily covers definitions for technical terms that occur in ASTM Committee F09 standards on the characteristics and performance of tires.  
1.2 Definitions for terms that may also be used in other technologies, such as vehicle behavior, are worded to cover both areas.  
1.3 When any definition in this terminology (that does not have the limiting phrase) is quoted out of context, editorially insert the limiting phrase in a tire after the dash following the term. This will properly limit the field of application of the term and definition.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice fulfills the need for a standardized system for identifying and describing the tread pattern features of tires that are characteristic of intermediate states of treadwear short of total wear out. This descriptive capability is especially important in testing programs devoted to the development of improved performance tires. It is also important in assessing and evaluating tires after periods of typical tire usage.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides the instructions and nomenclature to evaluate the wear features of the tread pattern on a tire for some intermediate state short of total wear out.
1.2 A tire may be characterized by certain worn tread pattern conditions that are collectively referred to as "irregular wear" features. Definitions for these features are given in a special logical and conceptual sequence. First, basic tread pattern definitions are given. Then, additional tread pattern definitions directly related to the basic tread pattern definitions are given. Understanding these secondary definitions requires the knowledge of the basic definitions.
1.3 Based on the terms of this developed system of tread pattern definitions or descriptions, a set of treadwear descriptions is presented that encompasses both regular wear and irregular wear features.
1.4 This hierarchical arrangement produces the accurate and concise definitions needed to evaluate the complex irregular wear conditions of tires.
1.5 See Fig. 1 for tread pattern features or characteristics. See Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 for typical illustrations of regular or uniform and irregular treadwear features.

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology primarily covers definitions for technical terms that occur in ASTM Committee F09 standards on the characteristics and performance of tires.
1.2 Definitions for terms that may also be used in other technologies, such as vehicle behavior, are worded to cover both areas.  
1.3 When any definition in this terminology (that does not have the limiting phrase) is quoted out of context, editorially insert the limiting phrase in a tire after the dash following the term. This will properly limit the field of application of the term and definition.

SCOPE
1. Scope
1.1 This practice presents some basic concepts for tire testing and a standard set of terms relating to the use of reference tires frequently used for comprehensive tire testing programs. The tests may be conducted in a laboratory on various dynamometer wheels or other apparatus as well as at outdoor proving ground facilities. The overall objective of this practice is to develop some elementary principles for such testing and standardize the terms used in these operations. This will improve communication among those conducting these tests as well as those using the results of such testing.
1.2 In addition to the basic concepts and terminology, a statistical model for tire testing operations is also presented in . This serves as a mathematical and conceptual foundation for the terms and other testing concepts; it will improve understanding. The annex can also serve for future consultation as this practice is expanded to address additional aspects of the testing process.
1.3 This overall topic requires a comprehensive treatment with a sequential or hierarchical development of terms with substantial background discussion. This cannot be accommodated in Terminology F 538.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology primarily covers definitions for technical terms that occur in ASTM Committee F-9 standards on the characteristics and performance of tires.
1.2 Definitions for terms that may also be used in other technologies, such as vehicle behavior, are worded to cover both areas.
1.3 When any definition in this terminology (that does not have the limiting phrase) is quoted out of context, editorially insert the limiting phrase " in a tire" after the dash following the term. This will properly limit the field of application of the term and definition.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides the instructions and nomenclature to evaluate the wear features of the tread pattern on a tire for some intermediate state short of total wear out.
1.2 A tire may be characterized by certain worn tread pattern conditions that are collectively referred to as "irregular wear" features. Definitions for these features are given in a special logical and conceptual sequence. First, basic tread pattern definitions are given. Then additional tread pattern definitions directly related to the basic tread pattern definitions are given. Understanding these secondary definitions requires the knowledge of the basic definitions.
1.3 Based on the terms of this developed system of tread pattern definitions or descriptions, a set of treadwear descriptions is presented that encompasses both regular wear and irregular wear features.
1.4 This hierarchical arrangement produces the accurate and concise definitions needed to evaluate the complex irregular wear conditions of tires.  
1.5 See Fig. 1 for tread pattern features or characteristics. See Figs. 2 and 3 for typical illustrations of regular or uniform and irregular treadwear features.

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology primarily covers definitions for technical terms that occur in ASTM Committee F-9 standards on the characteristics and performance of tires.
1.2 Definitions for terms that may also be used in other technologies, such as vehicle behavior, are worded to cover both areas.
1.3 When any definition in this terminology (that does not have the limiting phrase) is quoted out of context, editorially insert the limiting phrase " in a tire" after the dash following the term. This will properly limit the field of application of the term and definition.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice presents some basic concepts for tire testing and a standard set of terms relating to the use of reference tires frequently used for comprehensive tire testing programs. The tests may be conducted in a laboratory on various dynamometer wheels or other apparatus as well as at outdoor proving ground facilities. The overall objective of this practice is to develop some elementary principles for such testing and standardize the terms used in these operations. This will improve communication among those conducting these tests as well as those using the results of such testing.  
1.2 In addition to the basic concepts and terminology, a statistical model for tire testing operations is also presented in Annex A1. This serves as a mathematical and conceptual foundation for the terms and other testing concepts; it will improve understanding. The annex can also serve for future consultation as this practice is expanded to address additional aspects of the testing process.  
1.3 This overall topic requires a comprehensive treatment with a sequential or hierarchical development of terms with substantial background discussion. This cannot be accommodated in Terminology F538.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice presents some basic concepts for tire testing and a standard set of terms relating to the use of reference tires frequently used for comprehensive tire testing programs. The tests may be conducted in a laboratory on various dynamometer wheels or other apparatus as well as at outdoor proving ground facilities. The overall objective of this practice is to develop some elementary principles for such testing and standardize the terms used in these operations. This will improve communication among those conducting these tests as well as those using the results of such testing.  
1.2 In addition to the basic concepts and terminology, a statistical model for tire testing operations is also presented in Annex A1. This serves as a mathematical and conceptual foundation for the terms and other testing concepts; it will improve understanding. The annex can also serve for future consultation as this practice is expanded to address additional aspects of the testing process.  
1.3 This overall topic requires a comprehensive treatment with a sequential or hierarchical development of terms with substantial background discussion. This cannot be accommodated in Terminology F538.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Tire testing operations usually consist of a sequence of tests that involve special “reference” tires in addition to the candidate tires being evaluated for their performance characteristics. Reference tires serve as an “internal benchmark” which may be used to adjust for variation in test results to give improved comparisons among the candidate tires. Numerous approaches have been adopted using different terminology for such testing. This causes confusion and the purpose of this practice is to standardize some of the elementary concepts and terminology on this topic.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice presents some basic concepts for tire testing and a standard set of terms relating to the use of reference tires frequently used for comprehensive tire testing programs. The tests may be conducted in a laboratory on various dynamometer wheels or other apparatus as well as at outdoor proving ground facilities. The overall objective of this practice is to develop some elementary principles for such testing and standardize the terms used in these operations. This will improve communication among those conducting these tests as well as those using the results of such testing.  
1.2 In addition to the basic concepts and terminology, a statistical model for tire testing operations is also presented in Annex A1. This serves as a mathematical and conceptual foundation for the terms and other testing concepts; it will improve understanding. The annex can also serve for future consultation as this practice is expanded to address additional aspects of the testing process.  
1.3 This overall topic requires a comprehensive treatment with a sequential or hierarchical development of terms with substantial background discussion. This cannot be accommodated in Terminology F538.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice fulfills the need for a standardized system for identifying and describing the tread pattern features of tires that are characteristic of intermediate states of treadwear short of total wear out. This descriptive capability is especially important in testing programs devoted to the development of improved performance tires. It is also important in assessing and evaluating tires after periods of typical tire usage.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides the instructions and nomenclature to evaluate the wear features of the tread pattern on a tire for some intermediate state short of total wear out.
1.2 A tire may be characterized by certain worn tread pattern conditions that are collectively referred to as "irregular wear" features. Definitions for these features are given in a special logical and conceptual sequence. First, basic tread pattern definitions are given. Then, additional tread pattern definitions directly related to the basic tread pattern definitions are given. Understanding these secondary definitions requires the knowledge of the basic definitions.
1.3 Based on the terms of this developed system of tread pattern definitions or descriptions, a set of treadwear descriptions is presented that encompasses both regular wear and irregular wear features.
1.4 This hierarchical arrangement produces the accurate and concise definitions needed to evaluate the complex irregular wear conditions of tires.
1.5 See Fig. 1 for tread pattern features or characteristics. See Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 for typical illustrations of regular or uniform and irregular treadwear features.