C15.06 - Roofing Tile

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The air permeability of roofing systems constructed from discrete elements, as is the case for clay and concrete tile and slate roof systems, is a critical factor in determining the wind resistance of the roof system. The ability of the roof system to relieve wind-induced uplift pressures as a result of the overall air permeability of the roof assembly relates to the resistance of the roof system to damage induced by wind.  
5.2 Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test method to simulate.
SCOPE
1.1 The air permeability of tile roofing systems is a critical factor in determining the wind resistance of tile roofing as applied to a roof. This Standard describes a procedure for measuring the air permeability of clay and concrete tile and slate roof systems when applied to a small section of roof deck in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.  
1.2 This test procedure measures the air permeability of a laid array of unsealed clay or concrete roof tiles or slates. The tiles or slates shall have a thickness between 1/8-in. (3-mm) and 2-in. (51-mm).  
1.3 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers clay roof tiles with such durability and appearance that can provide a weather-resistant surface of a specified design. Each tile should be manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to high-temperature firing. The heat treatment should develop a fired bond between material particles that provides the required strength and durability. The tiles should be shaped by molding, pressing, or extrusion during manufacture. Generally, the tiles are planar or undulating rectangular and are classified into three grades according to the degree of resistance to weathering. Materials are also grouped into three types according to profile and rise-to-width ratio. Colors and textures produced by application of inorganic coatings are allowed except when the coloring is done by flashing or the texturing by sanding where the sand does not form a continuous coating. Each tile should conform to the specified values of durability, freezing and thawing, transverse breaking strength, efflorescence, reactive particulates, and permeability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers clay tiles intended for use as roof covering where durability and appearance are required to provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design.  
1.2 Tiles are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop a fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification (see firing and fired bond in Terminology C1232).  
1.3 Tiles are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion and it is permitted to use the shaping method to describe the tiles.  
1.4 Tiles are generally planar or undulating rectangular shapes available in a variety of cross-sectional profiles, shapes, sizes, surface textures, and colors.  
1.5 Three grades of tile having various degrees of resistance to weathering are covered in this specification. Three types of tile are defined to cover the features that influence appearance.  
1.6 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It is known that the observed effects of wind simulated in a wind-tunnel apparatus are related to the effects observed from natural wind. The resistance of tiles to simulated wind in this test relates to the resistance of the tiles to the effects of natural wind when they are applied to a roof. One factor in the resistance of the tiles to the effects of both natural and simulated wind is the method of attachment specified in the manufacturer's instructions. This test method determines the uplift forces acting as a result of the simulated wind when tile are attached to a section of roof deck in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test method to simulate.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the resistance of concrete and clay roof tiles to simulated wind effects in a wind-tunnel apparatus. Simulated wind velocities of 70 mph (31 m/s) to 130 mph (58 m/s) are employed.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification deals with the standards for concrete tiles intended for use as roof covering where durability and appearance are required to provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design. The tiles are manufacture from cement, water, and mineral aggregates and shaped during manufacturing by molding, pressing, or extrustion. The tiles may or may not contain inclusion of other materials. The tiles shall also be tested for the following requirements: dimensional tolerance, freeze thaw, transverse strength, permeability, and water absorption.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers concrete tiles intended for the use as roof covering where durability and appearance are required to provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design.  
1.2 Tiles are manufactured from portland cement, water, and mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials.  
1.3 Tiles are shaped during manufacturing by molding, pressing, or extrusion. The shaping method can be used to describe the tile.  
1.4 Other constituents, such as chemical and mineral admixtures established as suitable for use in concrete, shall conform to ASTM standard specifications where applicable, or shall be shown by tests or experience not to be detrimental to the durability of concrete.  
1.5 Tiles are generally planar or undulating rectangular shapes available in a variety of cross-sectional areas profiles, shapes, sizes, surface textures, and colors.
Note 1: Concrete roof tiles covered by this specification are made from lightweight or normal weight aggregates, or both.
Note 2: When particular features are desired, such as color, surface texture for appearance, or other special features, such properties should be specified by the purchaser. However. the local sellers should be consulted as to the availability of concrete roof tile having a desired feature.  
1.6 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The method of attachment of roof tiles to the roof deck, or support structure, is one factor in the resistance of concrete and clay roof tiles to the action of wind. Several systems of attachment, and even combinations of systems, are used in the application of tile to a roof. The mechanical uplift resistance of the tile, when applied to the roof by any attachment system approved by, and in accordance with, the manufacturer's instructions, is a primary factor in the tile's resistance to the action of wind. This test method determines the mechanical uplift resistance that is related to resistance to the uplift forces acting as a result of wind. Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test method to simulate.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the mechanical uplift resistance of concrete and clay roof tiles, which relates to the wind resistance of an air-permeable roof tile system as applied to a roof.  
1.2 The procedure covers mechanically-fastened attachment systems, adhesive-set attachment systems, and mortar-set attachment systems, or combinations of attachment systems, that are used to apply tile to a roof.  
1.3 The values stated in inch pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for reference only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers clay roof tiles with such durability and appearance that can provide a weather-resistant surface of a specified design. Each tile should be manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to high-temperature firing. The heat treatment should develop a fired bond between material particles that provides the required strength and durability. The tiles should be shaped by molding, pressing, or extrusion during manufacture. Generally, the tiles are planar or undulating rectangular and are classified into three grades according to the degree of resistance to weathering. Materials are also grouped into three types according to profile and rise-to-width ratio. Colors and textures produced by application of inorganic coatings are allowed except when the coloring is done by flashing or the texturing by sanding where the sand does not form a continuous coating. Each tile should conform to the specified values of durability, freezing and thawing, transverse breaking strength, efflorescence, reactive particulates, and permeability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers clay tiles intended for use as roof covering where durability and appearance are required to provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design.  
1.2 Tiles are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop a fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification (see firing and fired bond in Terminology C1232).  
1.3 Tiles are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion and it is permitted to use the shaping method to describe the tiles.  
1.4 Tiles are generally planar or undulating rectangular shapes available in a variety of cross-sectional profiles, shapes, sizes, surface textures, and colors.  
1.5 Three grades of tile having various degrees of resistance to weathering are covered in this specification. Three types of tile are defined to cover the features that influence appearance.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The air permeability of roofing systems constructed from discrete elements, as is the case for clay and concrete tile and slate roof systems, is a critical factor in determining the wind resistance of the roof system. The ability of the roof system to relieve wind-induced uplift pressures as a result of the overall air permeability of the roof assembly relates to the resistance of the roof system to damage induced by wind.  
5.2 Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test method to simulate.
SCOPE
1.1 The air permeability of tile roofing systems is a critical factor in determining the wind resistance of tile roofing as applied to a roof. This Standard describes a procedure for measuring the air permeability of clay and concrete tile and slate roof systems when applied to a small section of roof deck in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.  
1.2 This test procedure measures the air permeability of a laid array of unsealed clay or concrete roof tiles or slates. The tiles or slates shall have a thickness between 1/8-in. (3-mm) and 2-in. (51-mm).  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification deals with the standards for concrete tiles intended for use as roof covering where durability and appearance are required to provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design. The tiles are manufacture from cement, water, and mineral aggregates and shaped during manufacturing by molding, pressing, or extrustion. The tiles may or may not contain inclusion of other materials. The tiles shall also be tested for the following requirements: dimensional tolerance, freeze thaw, transverse strength, permeability, and water absorption.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers concrete tiles intended for the use as roof covering where durability and appearance are required to provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design.  
1.2 Tiles are manufactured from portland cement, water, and mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials.  
1.3 Tiles are shaped during manufacturing by molding, pressing, or extrusion. The shaping method can be used to describe the tile.  
1.4 Other constituents, such as chemical and mineral admixtures established as suitable for use in concrete, shall conform to ASTM standard specifications where applicable, or shall be shown by tests or experience not to be detrimental to the durability of concrete.  
1.5 Tiles are generally planar or undulating rectangular shapes available in a variety of cross-sectional areas profiles, shapes, sizes, surface textures, and colors.
Note 1: Concrete roof tiles covered by this specification are made from lightweight or normal weight aggregates, or both.
Note 2: When particular features are desired, such as color, surface texture for appearance, or other special features, such properties should be specified by the purchaser. However. the local sellers should be consulted as to the availability of concrete roof tile having a desired feature.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It is known that the observed effects of wind simulated in a wind-tunnel apparatus are related to the effects observed from natural wind. The resistance of tiles to simulated wind in this test relates to the resistance of the tiles to the effects of natural wind when they are applied to a roof. One factor in the resistance of the tiles to the effects of both natural and simulated wind is the method of attachment specified in the manufacturer's instructions. This test method determines the uplift forces acting as a result of the simulated wind when tile are attached to a section of roof deck in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test method to simulate.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the resistance of concrete and clay roof tiles to simulated wind effects in a wind-tunnel apparatus. Simulated wind velocities of 70 mph (31 m/s) to 130 mph (58 m/s) are employed.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The method of attachment of roof tiles to the roof deck, or support structure, is one factor in the resistance of concrete and clay roof tiles to the action of wind. Several systems of attachment, and even combinations of systems, are used in the application of tile to a roof. The mechanical uplift resistance of the tile, when applied to the roof by any attachment system approved by, and in accordance with, the manufacturer's instructions, is a primary factor in the tile's resistance to the action of wind. This test method determines the mechanical uplift resistance that is related to resistance to the uplift forces acting as a result of wind. Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test method to simulate.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the mechanical uplift resistance of concrete and clay roof tiles, which relates to the wind resistance of an air-permeable roof tile system as applied to a roof.  
1.2 The procedure covers mechanically-fastened attachment systems, adhesive-set attachment systems, and mortar-set attachment systems, or combinations of attachment systems, that are used to apply tile to a roof.  
1.3 The values stated in inch pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for reference only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers clay roof tiles with such durability and appearance that can provide a weather-resistant surface of a specified design. Each tile should be manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to high-temperature firing. The heat treatment should develop a fired bond between material particles that provides the required strength and durability. The tiles should be shaped by molding, pressing, or extrusion during manufacture. Generally, the tiles are planar or undulating rectangular and are classified into three grades according to the degree of resistance to weathering. Materials are also grouped into three types according to profile and rise-to-width ratio. Colors and textures produced by application of inorganic coatings are allowed except when the coloring is done by flashing or the texturing by sanding where the sand does not form a continuous coating. Each tile should conform to the specified values of durability, freezing and thawing, transverse breaking strength, efflorescence, reactive particulates, and permeability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers clay tiles intended for use as roof covering where durability and appearance are required to provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design.
1.2 Tiles are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop a fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification (see firing and fired bond in Terminology C1232).
1.3 Tiles are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion and it is permitted to use the shaping method to describe the tiles.
1.4 Tiles are generally planar or undulating rectangular shapes available in a variety of cross-sectional profiles, shapes, sizes, surface textures, and colors.
1.5 Three grades of tile having various degrees of resistance to weathering are covered in this specification. Three types of tile are defined to cover the features that influence appearance.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification deals with the standards for concrete tiles intended for use as roof covering where durability and appearance are required to provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design. The tiles are manufacture from cement, water, and mineral aggregates and shaped during manufacturing by molding, pressing, or extrustion. The tiles may or may not contain inclusion of other materials. The tiles shall also be tested for the following requirements: dimensional tolerance, freeze thaw, transverse strength, permeability, and water absorption.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers concrete tiles intended for the use as roof covering where durability and appearance are required to provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design.
1.2 Tiles are manufactured from portland cement, water, and mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials.
1.3 Tiles are shaped during manufacturing by molding, pressing, or extrusion. The shaping method can be used to describe the tile.  
1.4 Other constituents, such as chemical and mineral admixtures established as suitable for use in concrete, shall conform to ASTM standard specifications where applicable, or shall be shown by tests or experience not to be detrimental to the durability of concrete.
1.5 Tiles are generally planar or undulating rectangular shapes available in a variety of cross-sectional areas profiles, shapes, sizes, surface textures, and colors.
Note 1—Concrete roof tiles covered by this specification are made from lightweight or normal weight aggregates, or both.
Note 2—When particular features are desired, such as color, surface texture for appearance, or other special features, such properties should be specified by the purchaser. However. the local sellers should be consulted as to the availability of concrete roof tile having a desired feature.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The air permeability of roofing systems constructed from discrete elements, as is the case for clay and concrete tile and slate roof systems, is a critical factor in determining the wind resistance of the roof system. The ability of the roof system to relieve wind-induced uplift pressures as a result of the overall air permeability of the roof assembly relates to the resistance of the roof system to damage induced by wind.
Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test method to simulate.
SCOPE
1.1 The air permeability of tile roofing systems is a critical factor in determining the wind resistance of tile roofing as applied to a roof. This Standard describes a procedure for measuring the air permeability of clay and concrete tile and slate roof systems when applied to a small section of roof deck in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
1.2 This test procedure measures the air permeability of a laid array of unsealed clay or concrete roof tiles or slates. The tiles or slates shall have a thickness between 1/8-in. (3-mm) and 2-in. (51-mm).
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
It is known that the observed effects of wind simulated in a wind-tunnel apparatus are related to the effects observed from natural wind. The resistance of tiles to simulated wind in this test relates to the resistance of the tiles to the effects of natural wind when they are applied to a roof. One factor in the resistance of the tiles to the effects of both natural and simulated wind is the method of attachment specified in the manufacturer's instructions. This test method determines the uplift forces acting as a result of the simulated wind when tile are attached to a section of roof deck in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test method to simulate.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the resistance of concrete and clay roof tiles to simulated wind effects in a wind-tunnel apparatus. Simulated wind velocities of 70 mph (31 m/s) to 130 mph (58 m/s) are employed.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers clay roof tiles with such durability and appearance that can provide a weather-resistant surface of a specified design. Each tile should be manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to high-temperature firing. The heat treatment should develop a fired bond between material particles that provides the required strength and durability. The tiles should be shaped by molding, pressing, or extrusion during manufacture. Generally, the tiles are planar or undulating rectangular and are classified into three grades according to the degree of resistance to weathering. Materials are also grouped into three types according to profile and rise-to-width ratio. Colors and textures produced by application of inorganic coatings are allowed except when the coloring is done by flashing or the texturing by sanding where the sand does not form a continuous coating. Each tile should conform to the specified values of durability, freezing and thawing, transverse breaking strength, efflorescence, reactive particulates, and permeability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers clay tiles intended for use as roof covering where durability and appearance are required to provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design.
1.2 Tiles are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop a fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification (see firing and fired bond in Terminology C 43).
1.3 Tiles are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion and it is permitted to use the shaping method to describe the tiles.
1.4 Tiles are generally planar or undulating rectangular shapes available in a variety of cross-sectional profiles, shapes, sizes, surface textures, and colors.
1.5 Three grades of tile having various degrees of resistance to weathering are covered in this specification. Three types of tile are defined to cover the features that influence appearance.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The method of attachment of roof tiles to the roof deck, or support structure, is one factor in the resistance of concrete and clay roof tiles to the action of wind. Several systems of attachment, and even combinations of systems, are used in the application of tile to a roof. The mechanical uplift resistance of the tile, when applied to the roof by any attachment system approved by, and in accordance with, the manufacturer's instructions, is a primary factor in the tile's resistance to the action of wind. This test method determines the mechanical uplift resistance that is related to resistance to the uplift forces acting as a result of wind. Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test method to simulate.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the mechanical uplift resistance of concrete and clay roof tiles, which relates to the wind resistance of an air-permeable roof tile system as applied to a roof.
1.2 The procedure covers mechanically-fastened attachment systems, adhesive-set attachment systems, and mortar-set attachment systems, or combinations of attachment systems, that are used to apply tile to a roof.
1.3 The values stated in inch pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for reference only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The method of attachment of roof tiles to the roof deck, or support structure, is one factor in the resistance of concrete and clay roof tiles to the action of wind. Several systems of attachment, and even combinations of systems, are used in the application of tile to a roof. The mechanical uplift resistance of the tile, when applied to the roof by any attachment system approved by, and in accordance with, the manufacturer’instructions, is a primary factor in the tile’resistance to the action of wind. This test method determines the mechanical uplift resistance that is related to resistance to the uplift forces acting as a result of wind. Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test method to simulate.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the mechanical uplift resistance of concrete and clay roof tiles, which relates to the wind resistance of an air-permeable roof tile system as applied to a roof.
1.2 The procedure covers mechanically-fastened attachment systems, adhesive-set attachment systems, and mortar-set attachment systems, or combinations of attachment systems, that are used to apply tile to a roof.
1.3 The values stated in inch pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for reference only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the mechanical uplift resistance of concrete and clay roof tiles, which relates to the wind resistance of an air-permeable roof tile system as applied to a roof.
1.2 The procedure covers mechanically-fastened attachment systems, adhesive-set attachment systems, and mortar-set attachment systems, or combinations of attachment systems, that are used to apply tile to a roof.
1.3 The values stated in inch pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for reference only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The air permeability of roofing systems constructed from discrete elements, as is the case for clay and concrete tile and slate roof systems, is a critical factor in determining the wind resistance of the roof system. The ability of the roof system to relieve wind-induced uplift pressures as a result of the overall air permeability of the roof assembly relates to the resistance of the roof system to damage induced by wind.
Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test method to simulate.
SCOPE
1.1 The air permeability of tile roofing systems is a critical factor in determining the wind resistance of tile roofing as applied to a roof. This Standard describes a procedure for measuring the air permeability of clay and concrete tile and slate roof systems when applied to a small section of roof deck in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
1.2 This test procedure measures the air permeability of a laid array of unsealed clay or concrete roof tiles or slates. The tiles or slates shall have a thickness between 1/8-in. (3-mm) and 2-in. (51-mm).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification deals with the standards for concrete tiles intended for use as roof covering where durability and appearance are required to provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design. The tiles are manufacture from cement, water, and mineral aggregates and shaped during manufacturing by molding, pressing, or extrustion. The tiles may or may not contain inclusion of other materials. The tiles shall also be tested for the following requirements: dimensional tolerance, freeze thaw, transverse strength, permeability, and water absorption.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers concrete tiles intended for the use as roof covering where durability and appearance are required to provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design.
1.2 Tiles are manufactured from portland cement, water, and mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials.
1.3 Tiles are shaped during manufacturing by molding, pressing, or extrusion. The shaping method can be used to describe the tile.
1.4 Other constituents, such as chemical and mineral admixtures established as suitable for use in concrete, shall conform to ASTM standard specifications where applicable, or shall be shown by tests or experience not to be detrimental to the durability of concrete.
1.5 Tiles are generally planar or undulating rectangular shapes available in a variety of cross-sectional areas profiles, shapes, sizes, surface textures, and colors.
Note 1—Concrete roof tiles covered by this specification are made from lightweight or normal weight aggregates, or both.
Note 2—When particular features are desired, such as color, surface texture for appearance, or other special features, such properties should be specified by the purchaser. However. the local sellers should be consulted as to the availability of concrete roof tile having a desired feature.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the mechanical uplift resistance of concrete and clay roof tiles, which relates to the wind resistance of an air-permeable roof tile system as applied to a roof.
1.2 The procedure covers mechanically-fastened attachment systems, adhesive-set attachment systems, and mortar-set attachment systems, or combinations of attachment systems, that are used to apply tile to a roof.
1.3 The values stated in inch pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for reference only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
It is known that the observed effects of wind simulated in a wind-tunnel apparatus are related to the effects observed from natural wind. The resistance of tiles to simulated wind in this test relates to the resistance of the tiles to the effects of natural wind when they are applied to a roof. One factor in the resistance of the tiles to the effects of both natural and simulated wind is the method of attachment specified in the manufacturer’instructions. This test method determines the uplift forces acting as a result of the simulated wind when tile are attached to a section of roof deck in accordance with the manufacturer’instructions. Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test method to simulate.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the resistance of concrete and clay roof tiles to simulated wind effects in a wind-tunnel apparatus. Simulated wind velocities of 70 mph (31 m/s) to 130 mph (58 m/s) are employed.
1.2 The values stated in inch pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for reference only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers clay roof tiles with such durability and appearance that can provide a weather-resistant surface of a specified design. Each tile should be manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to high-temperature firing. The heat treatment should develop a fired bond between material particles that provides the required strength and durability. The tiles should be shaped by molding, pressing, or extrusion during manufacture. Generally, the tiles are planar or undulating rectangular and are classified into three grades according to the degree of resistance to weathering. Materials are also grouped into three types according to profile and rise-to-width ratio. Colors and textures produced by application of inorganic coatings are allowed except when the coloring is done by flashing or the texturing by sanding where the sand does not form a continuous coating. Each tile should conform to the specified values of durability, freezing and thawing, transverse breaking strength, efflorescence, reactive particulates, and permeability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers clay tiles intended for use as roof covering where durability and appearance are required to provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design.
1.2 Tiles are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop a fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification (see firing and  fired bond in Terminology C 43).
1.3 Tiles are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion and it is permitted to use the shaping method to describe the tiles.
1.4 Tiles are generally planar or undulating rectangular shapes available in a variety of cross-sectional profiles, shapes, sizes, surface textures, and colors.
1.5 Three grades of tile having various degrees of resistance to weathering are covered in this specification. Three types of tile are defined to cover the features that influence appearance.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers concrete tiles intended for the use as roof covering where durability and appearance are required to provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design.
1.2 Tiles are manufactured from portland cement, water, and mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials.
1.3 Tiles are shaped during manufacturing by molding, pressing, or extrusion. The shaping method can be used to describe the tile.
1.4 Other constituents, such as chemical and mineral admixtures established as suitable for use in concrete, shall conform to ASTM standard specifications where applicable, or shall be shown by tests or experience not to be detrimental to the durability of concrete.
1.5 Tiles are generally planar or undulating rectangular shapes available in a variety of cross-sectional areas profiles, shapes, sizes, surface textures, and colors.
Note 1--Concrete roof tiles covered by this specification are made from lightweight or normal weight aggregates, or both.
Note 2--When particular features are desired, such as color, surface texture for appearance, or other special features, such properties should be specified by the purchaser. However. the local sellers should be consulted as to the availability of concrete roof tile having a desired feature.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers clay tiles intended for use as roof covering where durability and appearance are required to provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design.
1.2 Tiles are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop a fired bond between the particulate constitutents to provide the strength and durability requirements of this specification (see firing and fired bond in Terminology C43).
1.3 Tiles are shaped during manufacture by molding, pressing, or extrusion and it is permitted to use the shaping method to describe the tiles.
1.4 Tiles are generally planar or undulating rectangular shapes available in a variety of cross-sectional profiles, shapes, sizes, surface textures, and colors.
1.5 Three grades of tile having various degrees of resistance to weathering are covered in this specification. Three types of tile are defined to cover the features that influence appearance.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.