E12.12 - Gonioapparent Color

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to provide color data obtained from spectral reflectance factors at specific illumination and detection angles for interference pigments. Information presented in this test method is based upon data taken on materials exclusively pigmented with interference pigments.  
5.2 These data can be used for acceptance testing, design purposes, research, manufacturing control, and quality control.  
5.3 Specimens must be statistically representative of the end use.  
5.4 Applicability of this test method for other materials, including combining interference pigments with absorbing and scattering pigments should be confirmed by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental requirements and required parameters needed to make instrumental color measurements of thin film interference pigments. This test method is designed to encompass interference pigments used in architectural applications, automobiles, coatings, cosmetics, inks, packaging, paints, plastics, printing, security, and other applications.  
1.2 Characterization of the optical behavior of materials colored with interference pigments requires measurement at multiple angles of illumination and detection.  
1.3 Data taken utilizing this test method are quantitative and are appropriate for quality control of interference pigment color.  
1.4 The measurement results are usually expressed as reflectance factors, tristimulus color values, or as CIE L*a*b* color coordinates and color difference.  
1.5 The totality of data taken may not be necessary for evaluating mixtures also containing non-interference pigments. The committee is investigating and evaluating the appropriateness of this test method for those materials. It is the responsibility of the users to determine the applicability of this test method for their specific applications.  
1.6 Interference pigments are typically evaluated for color and color appearance in a medium, such as paint or ink. The gonioapparent effect depends strongly on the physical and chemical properties of the medium. Some of the properties affecting color and color appearance include vehicle viscosity, thickness, transparency, and volume solids. As a general rule, for quality control purposes, interference pigments are best evaluated in a masstone product form. In some cases this product form may be the final product form, or more typically a qualified simulation of the intended product form (such as a paint drawdown) that in terms of color and appearance correlates to final product application.  
1.7 This standard does not address the requirements for characterizing materials containing metal flake pigments. Measurements of the optical characteristics of materials containing metal flake pigments are described in Test Method E2194.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Instrumental Measurement Angles—This test method is designed to provide color data at specific measurement angles that can be utilized for quality control, color matching, and formulating in the characterization of metal flake pigmented materials.  
5.2 Materials—This test method provides meaningful color information for metal flake pigmented materials. This test method has been tested and verified on paint and coatings, and the same principles should apply to plastics containing metallic flake. For materials containing pearlescent materials refer to Test Method E2539.  
5.3 Utilization—This test method is appropriate for measurement and characterization of metal flake pigmented materials. These data may be used for quality control, incoming inspection, or color correction purposes.  
5.4 Specimen Requirements—Even though a pair of specimens have the same color values at three angles, if there are differences in gloss, orange peel, texture, or flake orientation, they may not be a visual match.
Note 2: Information presented in this test method is based upon data taken on metallic materials coatings. Applicability of this test method to other materials should be confirmed by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental requirements, standardization procedures, material standards, and parameters needed to make precise instrumental measurements of the colors of gonioapparent materials. This test method is designed to encompass gonioapparent materials; such as, automotive coatings, paints, plastics, and inks.  
1.2 This test method addresses measurement of materials containing metal flake and pigments. The measurement of materials containing metal flakes requires three angles of measurement to characterize the colors of the specimen. The optical characteristics of materials containing pearlescent and interference materials are not covered by this test method.
Note 1: Data taken by utilizing this test method are for gonio-appearance quality control purposes. This procedure may not necessarily supply appropriate data for spatial-appearance or pigment identification.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to provide color data obtained from spectral reflectance factors at specific illumination and detection angles for interference pigments. Information presented in this test method is based upon data taken on materials exclusively pigmented with interference pigments.  
5.2 These data can be used for acceptance testing, design purposes, research, manufacturing control, and quality control.  
5.3 Specimens must be statistically representative of the end use.  
5.4 Applicability of this test method for other materials, including combining interference pigments with absorbing and scattering pigments should be confirmed by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental requirements and required parameters needed to make instrumental color measurements of thin film interference pigments. This test method is designed to encompass interference pigments used in architectural applications, automobiles, coatings, cosmetics, inks, packaging, paints, plastics, printing, security, and other applications.  
1.2 Characterization of the optical behavior of materials colored with interference pigments requires measurement at multiple angles of illumination and detection.  
1.3 Data taken utilizing this test method are quantitative and are appropriate for quality control of interference pigment color.  
1.4 The measurement results are usually expressed as reflectance factors, tristimulus color values, or as CIE L*a*b* color coordinates and color difference.  
1.5 The totality of data taken may not be necessary for evaluating mixtures also containing non-interference pigments. The committee is investigating and evaluating the appropriateness of this test method for those materials. It is the responsibility of the users to determine the applicability of this test method for their specific applications.  
1.6 Interference pigments are typically evaluated for color and color appearance in a medium, such as paint or ink. The gonioapparent effect depends strongly on the physical and chemical properties of the medium. Some of the properties affecting color and color appearance include vehicle viscosity, thickness, transparency, and volume solids. As a general rule, for quality control purposes, interference pigments are best evaluated in a masstone product form. In some cases this product form may be the final product form, or more typically a qualified simulation of the intended product form (such as a paint drawdown) that in terms of color and appearance correlates to final product application.  
1.7 This standard does not address the requirements for characterizing materials containing metal flake pigments. Measurements of the optical characteristics of materials containing metal flake pigments are described in Test Method E2194.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Instrumental Measurement Angles—This test method is designed to provide color data at specific measurement angles that can be utilized for quality control, color matching, and formulating in the characterization of metal flake pigmented materials.  
5.2 Materials—This test method provides meaningful color information for metal flake pigmented materials. This test method has been tested and verified on paint and coatings, and the same principles should apply to plastics containing metallic flake. For materials containing pearlescent materials refer to Test Method E2539.  
5.3 Utilization—This test method is appropriate for measurement and characterization of metal flake pigmented materials. These data may be used for quality control, incoming inspection, or color correction purposes.  
5.4 Specimen Requirements—Even though a pair of specimens have the same color values at three angles, if there are differences in gloss, orange peel, texture, or flake orientation, they may not be a visual match.
Note 2: Information presented in this test method is based upon data taken on metallic materials coatings. Applicability of this test method to other materials should be confirmed by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental requirements, standardization procedures, material standards, and parameters needed to make precise instrumental measurements of the colors of gonioapparent materials. This test method is designed to encompass gonioapparent materials; such as, automotive coatings, paints, plastics, and inks.  
1.2 This test method addresses measurement of materials containing metal flake and pigments. The measurement of materials containing metal flakes requires three angles of measurement to characterize the colors of the specimen. The optical characteristics of materials containing pearlescent and interference materials are not covered by this test method.
Note 1: Data taken by utilizing this test method are for gonio-appearance quality control purposes. This procedure may not necessarily supply appropriate data for spatial-appearance or pigment identification.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed to provide color data obtained from spectral reflectance factors at specific illumination and detection angles for interference pigments. Information presented in this test method is based upon data taken on materials exclusively pigmented with interference pigments.  
5.2 These data can be used for acceptance testing, design purposes, research, manufacturing control, and quality control.  
5.3 Specimens must be statistically representative of the end use.  
5.4 Applicability of this test method for other materials, including combining interference pigments with absorbing and scattering pigments should be confirmed by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental requirements and required parameters needed to make instrumental color measurements of thin film interference pigments. This test method is designed to encompass interference pigments used in architectural applications, automobiles, coatings, cosmetics, inks, packaging, paints, plastics, printing, security, and other applications.  
1.2 Characterization of the optical behavior of materials colored with interference pigments requires measurement at multiple angles of illumination and detection.  
1.3 Data taken utilizing this test method are quantitative and are appropriate for quality control of interference pigment color.  
1.4 The measurement results are usually expressed as reflectance factors, tristimulus color values, or as CIE L*a*b* color coordinates and color difference.  
1.5 The totality of data taken may not be necessary for evaluating mixtures also containing non-interference pigments. The committee is investigating and evaluating the appropriateness of this test method for those materials. It is the responsibility of the users to determine the applicability of this test method for their specific applications.  
1.6 Interference pigments are typically evaluated for color and color appearance in a medium, such as paint or ink. The gonioapparent effect depends strongly on the physical and chemical properties of the medium. Some of the properties affecting color and color appearance include vehicle viscosity, thickness, transparency, and volume solids. As a general rule, for quality control purposes, interference pigments are best evaluated in a masstone product form. In some cases this product form may be the final product form, or more typically a qualified simulation of the intended product form (such as a paint drawdown) that in terms of color and appearance correlates to final product application.  
1.7 This standard does not address the requirements for characterizing materials containing metal flake pigments. Measurements of the optical characteristics of materials containing metal flake pigments are described in Test Method E2194.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Instrumental Measurement Angles—This test method is designed to provide color data at specific measurement angles that can be utilized for quality control, color matching, and formulating in the characterization of metal flake pigmented materials.  
5.2 Materials—This test method provides meaningful color information for metal flake pigmented materials. This test method has been tested and verified on paint and coatings, and the same principles should apply to plastics containing metallic flake. For materials containing pearlescent materials refer to Test Method E2539.  
5.3 Utilization—This test method is appropriate for measurement and characterization of metal flake pigmented materials. These data may be used for quality control, incoming inspection, or color correction purposes.  
5.4 Specimen Requirements—Even though a pair of specimens have the same color values at three angles, if there are differences in gloss, orange peel, texture, or flake orientation, they may not be a visual match.
Note 2: Information presented in this test method is based upon data taken on metallic materials coatings. Applicability of this test method to other materials should be confirmed by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental requirements, standardization procedures, material standards, and parameters needed to make precise instrumental measurements of the colors of gonioapparent materials. This test method is designed to encompass gonioapparent materials; such as, automotive coatings, paints, plastics, and inks.  
1.2 This test method addresses measurement of materials containing metal flake and pigments. The measurement of materials containing metal flakes requires three angles of measurement to characterize the colors of the specimen. The optical characteristics of materials containing pearlescent and interference materials are not covered by this test method.
Note 1: Data taken by utilizing this test method are for gonio-appearance quality control purposes. This procedure may not necessarily supply appropriate data for spatial-appearance or pigment identification.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is designed to provide color data obtained from spectral reflectance factors at specific illumination and detection angles for interference pigments. Information presented in this test practice is based upon data taken on materials exclusively pigmented with interference pigments.
These data can be used for acceptance testing, design purposes, research, manufacturing control, and quality control.
Specimens must be statistically representative of the end use.
Applicability of this practice for other materials, including combining interference pigments with absorbing and scattering pigments should be confirmed by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the instrumental requirements and required parameters needed to make instrumental color measurements of thin film interference pigments. This practice is designed to encompass interference pigments used in architectural applications, automobiles, coatings, cosmetics, inks, packaging, paints, plastics, printing, security, and other applications.
1.2 Characterization of the optical behavior of materials colored with interference pigments requires measurement at multiple angles of illumination and detection.
1.3 Data taken utilizing this practice are quantitative and are appropriate for quality control of interference pigment color.
1.4 The measurement results are usually expressed as reflectance factors, tristimulus color values, or as CIE L*a*b* color coordinates and color difference.
1.5 The totality of data taken may not be necessary for evaluating mixtures also containing non-interference pigments. The committee is investigating and evaluating the appropriateness of this practice for those materials. It is the responsibility of the users to determine the applicability of this practice for their specific applications.
1.6 Interference pigments are typically evaluated for color and color appearance in a medium, such as paint or ink. The gonioapparent effect depends strongly on the physical and chemical properties of the medium. Some of the properties affecting color and color appearance include vehicle viscosity, thickness, transparency, and volume solids. As a general rule, for quality control purposes, interference pigments are best evaluated in a masstone product form. In some cases this product form may be the final product form, or more typically a qualified simulation of the intended product form (such as a paint drawdown) that in terms of color and appearance correlates to final product application.
1.7 This standard does not address the requirements for characterizing materials containing metal flake pigments. Measurements of the optical characteristics of materials containing metal flake pigments are described in Practice E2194.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Instrumental Measurement Angles—This practice is designed to provide color data at specific measurement angles that can be utilized for quality control, color matching, and formulating in the characterization of metal flake pigmented materials.
Materials—This practice provides meaningful color information for metal flake pigmented materials. This practice has been tested and verified on paint and coatings, and the same principles should apply to plastics containing metallic flake. For materials containing pearlescent materials refer to Practice E2539.
Utilization—This practice is appropriate for measurement and characterization of metal flake pigmented materials. These data may be used for quality control, incoming inspection, or color correction purposes.
Specimen Requirements—Even though a pair of specimens have the same color values at three angles, if there are differences in gloss, orange peel, texture, or flake orientation, they may not be a visual match.
Note 2—Information presented in this practice is based upon data taken on metallic materials coatings. Applicability of this practice to other materials should be confirmed by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the instrumental requirements, standardization procedures, material standards, and parameters needed to make precise instrumental measurements of the colors of gonioapparent materials. This practice is designed to encompass gonioapparent materials; such as, automotive coatings, paints, plastics, and inks.
1.2 This practice addresses measurement of materials containing metal flake and pigments. The measurement of materials containing metal flakes requires three angles of measurement to characterize the colors of the specimen. The optical characteristics of materials containing pearlescent and interference materials are not covered by this practice.
Note 1—Data taken by utilizing this practice are for gonio-appearance quality control purposes. This procedure may not necessarily supply appropriate data for spatial-appearance or pigment identification.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Instrumental Measurement Angles—This practice is designed to provide color data at specific measurement angles that can be utilized for quality control, color matching, and formulating in the characterization of metal flake pigmented materials.
Materials—This practice provides meaningful color information for metal flake pigmented materials. This practice has been tested and verified on paint and coatings, and the same principles should apply to plastics containing metallic flake. For materials containing pearlescent materials refer to Practice E 2539.
Utilization—This practice is appropriate for measurement and characterization of metal flake pigmented materials. These data may be used for quality control, incoming inspection, or color correction purposes.
Specimen Requirements—Even though a pair of specimens have the same color values at three angles, if there are differences in gloss, orange peel, texture, or flake orientation, they may not be a visual match.
Note 2—Information presented in this practice is based upon data taken on metallic materials coatings. Applicability of this practice to other materials should be confirmed by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the instrumental requirements, standardization procedures, material standards, and parameters needed to make precise instrumental measurements of the colors of gonioapparent materials. This practice is designed to encompass gonioapparent materials; such as, automotive coatings, paints, plastics, and inks.
1.2 This practice addresses measurement of materials containing metal flake and pigments. The measurement of materials containing metal flakes requires three angles of measurement to characterize the colors of the specimen. The optical characteristics of materials containing pearlescent and interference materials are not covered by this practice.
Note 1—Data taken by utilizing this practice are for gonio-appearance quality control purposes. This procedure may not necessarily supply appropriate data for spatial-appearance or pigment identification.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is designed to provide color data obtained from spectral reflectance factors at specific illumination and detection angles for interference pigments. Information presented in this test practice is based upon data taken on materials exclusively pigmented with interference pigments.
These data can be used for acceptance testing, design purposes, research, manufacturing control, and quality control.
Specimens must be statistically representative of the end use.
Applicability of this practice for other materials, including combining interference pigments with absorbing and scattering pigments should be confirmed by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the instrumental requirements and required parameters needed to make instrumental color measurements of thin film interference pigments. This practice is designed to encompass interference pigments used in architectural applications, automobiles, coatings, cosmetics, inks, packaging, paints, plastics, printing, security, and other applications.
1.2 Characterization of the optical behavior of materials colored with interference pigments requires measurement at multiple angles of illumination and detection.
1.3 Data taken utilizing this practice are quantitative and are appropriate for quality control of interference pigment color.
1.4 The measurement results are usually expressed as reflectance factors, tristimulus color values, or as CIE L*a*b* color coordinates and color difference.
1.5 The totality of data taken may not be necessary for evaluating mixtures also containing non-interference pigments. The committee is investigating and evaluating the appropriateness of this practice for those materials. It is the responsibility of the users to determine the applicability of this practice for their specific applications.
1.6 Interference pigments are typically evaluated for color and color appearance in a medium, such as paint or ink. The gonioapparent effect depends strongly on the physical and chemical properties of the medium. Some of the properties affecting color and color appearance include vehicle viscosity, thickness, transparency, and volume solids. As a general rule, for quality control purposes, interference pigments are best evaluated in a masstone product form. In some cases this product form may be the final product form, or more typically a qualified simulation of the intended product form (such as a paint drawdown) that in terms of color and appearance correlates to final product application.
1.7 This standard does not address the requirements for characterizing materials containing metal flake pigments. Measurements of the optical characteristics of materials containing metal flake pigments are described in Practice E 2194.
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Instrumental Measurement Angles—This practice is designed to provide color data at specific measurement angles that can be utilized for quality control, color matching, and formulating in the characterization of metal flake pigmented materials.
Materials—This practice provides meaningful color information for metal flake pigmented materials, but has not been evaluated for use with pearlescent materials or other gonioapparent materials. This practice has been tested and verified on paint and coatings, and the same principles should apply to plastics containing metallic flake.
Utilization—This practice is appropriate for measurement and characterization of metal flake pigmented materials. These data may be used for quality control, incoming inspection, or color correction purposes.
Specimen Requirements—Even though a pair of specimens have the same color values at three angles, if there are differences in gloss, orange peel, texture, or flake orientation, they may not be a visual match.
Note 2—Information presented in this practice is based upon data taken on metallic materials coatings. Applicability of this practice to other materials should be confirmed by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the instrumental requirements, standardization procedures, material standards, and parameters needed to make precise instrumental measurements of the colors of gonioapparent materials. This practice is designed to encompass gonioapparent materials; such as, automotive coatings, paints, plastics, and inks.
1.2 This practice addresses measurement of materials containing metal flake and pigments. The optical characteristics of materials containing pearlescent and interference materials are not covered by this practice. The measurement of materials containing metal flakes requires three angles of measurement to characterize the colors of the specimen.
Note 1—Data taken by utilizing this practice are for appearance quality control purposes. This procedure may not necessarily supply appropriate data for pigment identification.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.