D02.02.11 - Physical Properties (API MPMS Chapter 11.0)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The expanded limits of API MPMS Chapter 11.1–2004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 1250–04 (ADJD1250CD) are defined in a mixture of terms of customary and metric units. Table 1 shows the defining limits and their associated units in bold italics. Also shown in Table 1 are the limits converted to their equivalent units (and, in the case of the densities, other base temperatures).
Note that only the precision levels of the defining values shown in Table 1 are correct. The other values showing converted units have been rounded to the significant digits shown; as rounded values, they may numerically fall just outside of the actual limits established by the defining values.
Table 2 provides a cross-reference between the historical table designations and the corresponding section in API MPMS Chapter 11.1–2004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 1250–04 (ADJD1250CD). Note that procedure paragraphs 11.1.6.3 (U.S. customary units) and 11.1.7.3 (metric units) provide methods for correcting on-line density measurements from live conditions to base conditions and then to compute CTPL factors for continuous volume corrections to base conditions.
4.4 When a glass hydrometer is used to measure the density of a liquid, special corrections must be made to account for the thermal expansion of the glass when the temperature is different from that at which the hydrometer was calibrated. The 1980 CTL Tables had generalized equations to correct glass hydrometer readings, and these corrections were part of the printed odd-numbered tables. However, detailed procedures to correct a glass hydrometer reading are beyond the scope of API MPMS Chapter 11.1–2004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 1250–04 (ADJD1250CD). The user should refer to the appropriate sections of API MPMS Chapter 9 or other appropriate density/hydrometer standards for guidance.
4.5 The set of correlations given in API MPMS Chapter 11.1–2004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 1250–04 (ADJD1250CD) is...
SCOPE
1.1 The API MPMS Chapter 11.1–2004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 1250–04 (ADJD1250CD) for temperature and pressure volume correction factors for generalized crude oils, refined products, and lubricating oils, provides the algorithm and implementation procedure for the correction of temperature and pressure effects on density and volume of liquid hydrocarbons. Natural gas liquids (NGLs) and liquefied petroleum gases (LPGs) are excluded from consideration. The combination of density and volume correction factors for both temperature and pressure is collectively referred to in the standard/adjunct(s) as a Correction for Temperature and Pressure of a Liquid (CTPL). The temperature portion of this correction is termed the Correction for the effect of Temperature on Liquid (CTL), also historically known as VCF (Volume Correction Factor). The pressure portion is termed the Correction for the effect of Pressure on Liquid (CPL). As this standard will be applied to a variety of applications, the output parameters specified in this standard/adjunct(s) (CTL, Fp, CPL, and CTPL) may be used as specified in other standards.
1.2 Including the pressure correction in API MPMS Chapter 11.1–2004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 1250–04 (ADJD1250CD) represents an important change from the “temperature only” correction factors given in the 1980 Petroleum Measurement Tables. However, if the pressure is one atmosphere (the standard pressure) then there is no pressure correction and the standard/adjunct(s) will give CTL values consistent with the 1980 Petroleum Measurement Tables.
1.3 API MPMS Chapter 11.1–2004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 1250–04 (ADJD1250CD) covers general procedures for the conversion of input data to generate CTL, Fp, CPL, and CTPL values at the user specified base temperature and pressure (Tb, Pb). Two sets of procedures are included for computing volume correction factor: one set for data expre...

SCOPE
1.1 The API MPMS Chapter 11.1-2004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 1250-04 (ADJD1250CD) for temperature and pressure volume correction factors for generalized crude oils, refined products, and lubricating oils, provides the algorithm and implementation procedure for the correction of temperature and pressure effects on density and volume of liquid hydrocarbons. Natural gas liquids (NGLs) and liquefied petroleum gases (LPGs) are excluded from consideration. The combination of density and volume correction factors for both temperature and pressure is collectively referred to in the standard/adjunct(s) as a Correction for Temperature and Pressure of a Liquid (CTPL). The temperature portion of this correction is termed the Correction for the effect of Temperature on Liquid (CTL), also historically known as VCF (Volume Correction Factor). The pressure portion is termed the Correction for the effect of Pressure on Liquid (CPL). As this standard will be applied to a variety of applications, the output parameters specified in this standard/adjunct(s) (CTL, Fp, CPL, and CTPL) may be used as specified in other standards.
1.2 Including the pressure correction in API MPMS Chapter 11.1-2004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 1250-04 (ADJD1250CD) represents an important change from the "temperature only" correction factors given in the 1980 Petroleum Measurement Tables. However, if the pressure is one atmosphere (the standard pressure) then there is no pressure correction and the standard/adjunct(s) will give CTL values consistent with the 1980 Petroleum Measurement Tables.
1.3 API MPMS Chapter 11.1-2004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 1250-04 (ADJD1250CD) covers general procedures for the conversion of input data to generate CTL, Fp, CPL, and CTPL values at the user specified base temperature and pressure ( Tb, Pb). Two sets of procedures are included for computing volume correction factor: one set for data expressed in customary units (temperature in F, pressure in psig); the other for the metric system of units (temperature in C, pressure in kPa or bar). In contrast to the 1980 Petroleum Measurement Tables, the metric procedures require the procedure for customary units be used first to compute density at 60°F. This value is then further corrected to give the metric output. The metric procedures now incorporate the base temperature of 20°C in addition to 15°C.
1.4 The procedures recognize three distinct commodity groups: crude oil, refined products, and lubricating oils. A procedure is also provided for determining volume correction for special applications where the generalized commodity groups' parameters may not adequately represent the thermal expansion properties of the liquid and a precise thermal expansion coefficient has been determined by experiment.

SCOPE
1.1 The API MPMS Chapter 11.1-2004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 1250-04 (ADJD1250CD) for temperature and pressure volume correction factors for generalized crude oils, refined products, and lubricating oils, provides the algorithm and implementation procedure for the correction of temperature and pressure effects on density and volume of liquid hydrocarbons. Natural gas liquids (NGLs) and liquefied petroleum gases (LPGs) are excluded from consideration. The combination of density and volume correction factors for both temperature and pressure is collectively referred to in the standard/adjunct(s) as a Volume Correction Factor (VCF). The temperature portion of this correction is termed the Correction for the effect of Temperature on Liquid (CTL). The pressure portion is termed the Correction for the effect of Pressure on Liquid (CPL).
1.2 Including the pressure correction in API MPMS Chapter 11.1-2004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 1250-04 (ADJD1250CD) represents an important change from the "temperature only" correction factors given in the 1980 Petroleum Measurement Tables. However, if the pressure is one atmosphere (the standard pressure) then there is no pressure correction and the standard/adjunct(s) will give VCF values consistent with the 1980 Petroleum Measurement Tables.
1.3 API MPMS Chapter 11.1-2004/Adjunct to IP 200/04/Adjunct to ASTM D 1250-04 (ADJD1250CD) covers general procedures for the conversion of input data to a form that is consistent with the computation procedures used to generate VCF values. Two sets of procedures are included for computing volume correction factor: one set for data expressed in customary units (temperature in F, pressure in psig); the other for the metric system of units (temperature in C, pressure in kPa or bar). In contrast to the 1980 Petroleum Measurement Tables, the metric procedures require the procedure for customary units be used first to compute density at 60F. This value is then further corrected to give the metric output. The metric procedures now incorporate the base temperature of 20C in addition to 15C.
1.4 The procedures recognize three distinct commodity groups: crude oil, refined products, and lubricating oils. A procedure is also provided for determining volume correction for special applications where the generalized commodity groups' parameters may not adequately represent the thermal expansion properties of the liquid and a precise thermal expansion coefficient has been determined by experiment.

SCOPE
1.1 These Petroleum Measurement Tables  are for use in the calculation of quantities of crude petroleum and petroleum products at reference conditions in any of three widely used systems of measurement. These tables are provided for standardized calculation of measured quantities of petroleum fluids regardless of point of origin, destination, or units of measure used by custom or statute.  
1.2 The Petroleum Measurement Tables published in 1980, except for Tables 33 and 34 (which are being reissued without change), represent a major conceptual departure from previous versions. Inherent in the Petroleum Measurement Tables is the recognition of the present and future position of computers in the petroleum industry. The actual standard represented by the Petroleum Measurement Tables is neither the hardcopy printed tables nor the set of equations used to represent the density data but is an explicit implementation procedure used to develop computer subroutines for Tables 5, 6, 23, 24, 53, and 54. The standardization of an implementation procedure implies the standardization of the set of mathematical expressions, including calculational sequence and rounding procedures, used within the computer code. Absolute adherence to the outlined procedures will ensure that all computers and computer codes of the future, meeting the stated specifications and restrictions, will be able to produce identical results. Hence, the published implementation procedures are the primary standard, the distributed subroutines are the secondary standard, and the published tables are produced for convenience.  
Note 1—The present collection of tables supersedes all previous editions of the Petroleum Measurement Tables ANSI/ASTM D1250, IP200, and API Standard 2540.

SCOPE
1.1 These Petroleum Measurement Tables  are for use in the calculation of quantities of crude petroleum and petroleum products at reference conditions in any of three widely used systems of measurement. These tables are provided for standardized calculation of measured quantities of petroleum fluids regardless of point of origin, destination, or units of measure used by custom or statute.  
1.2 The Petroleum Measurement Tables published in 1980, except for Tables 33 and 34 (which are being reissued without change), represent a major conceptual departure from previous versions. Inherent in the Petroleum Measurement Tables is the recognition of the present and future position of computers in the petroleum industry. The actual standard represented by the Petroleum Measurement Tables is neither the hardcopy printed tables nor the set of equations used to represent the density data but is an explicit implementation procedure used to develop computer subroutines for Tables 5, 6, 23, 24, 53, and 54. The standardization of an implementation procedure implies the standardization of the set of mathematical expressions, including calculational sequence and rounding procedures, used within the computer code. Absolute adherence to the outlined procedures will ensure that all computers and computer codes of the future, meeting the stated specifications and restrictions, will be able to produce identical results. Hence, the published implementation procedures are the primary standard, the distributed subroutines are the secondary standard, and the published tables are produced for convenience.  Note 1-The present collection of tables supersedes all previous editions of the Petroleum Measurement Tables ANSI/ASTM D1250, IP200, and API Standard 2540.