A06.02 - Material Specifications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard requirements for flat-rolled nonoriented fully processed electrical steel intended primarily for commercial power frequency applications in magnetic devices. These electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys that may be made by basic-oxygen, electric-furnace, or other steelmaking practice. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are developed during mill processing, so additional heat treatment is usually not required. The grades contained in this specification have thicknesses of 0.014 in. (0. 36 mm), 0.0185 in. (0.47 mm) and 0.0250 in. (0.64 mm). For a given thickness there are from 7 to 9 types based on the maximum value of core loss measured at 60 Hz and 15 kG (1.5 T) using the Epstein test method. Test methods to determine the required magnetic and mechanical properties are specified. Other typical magnetic and physical properties are listed for reference.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which flat-rolled nonoriented fully processed electrical steel shall conform.  
1.2 This steel is produced to specified maximum core-loss values and is intended primarily for commercial power frequency (50 Hz and 60 Hz) applications in magnetic devices. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are developed during mill processing, so additional heat treatment by the user is usually not necessary.  
1.3 These nonoriented fully processed electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon-iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys containing up to about 3.5 % silicon and a small amount of aluminum.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard sintered and fully dense neodymium iron boron (Nd2Fe14B, NdFeB, or “Neo”) permanent magnets. These materials are available in a wide range of compositions with a commensurately large range of magnetic properties. Neodymium iron boron magnets have approximate magnetic properties of residual magnetic induction from 1.08 T (10 800 G) up to 1.5 T (15 000 G) and intrinsic coercive field strength of 875 kA/m (11 000 Oe) to above 2785 kA/m (35 000 Oe). Special grades and isotropic (un-aligned) magnets can have properties outside these ranges.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard sintered and fully dense neodymium iron boron (Nd2Fe14B, NdFeB, or “Neo”) permanent magnets. These materials are available in a wide range of compositions with a commensurately large range of magnetic properties. The numbers in the Nd2Fe14B name indicate the approximate atomic ratio of the key elements.  
1.2 Anisotropic (aligned) sintered and fully dense neodymium iron boron magnets have approximate magnetic properties of residual magnetic induction, Br, from 1.08 T
(10 800 G) up to 1.5 T (15 000 G) and intrinsic coercive field strength, HcJ, of 875 kA/m (11 000 Oe) to above 2785 kA/m (35 000 Oe). Fully dense but not sintered magnets include hot-deformed magnets using a plastic deformation technique, such as upsetting or extrusion, at elevated temperatures for the crystallographic alignment, as opposed to magnetic field alignment in sintered magnets. Special grades and isotropic (un-aligned) magnets can have properties outside these ranges (see Appendix X4). Specific magnetic hysteresis behavior (demagnetization curve) can be characterized using Test Method A977/A977M.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard requirements for flat-rolled, nonoriented semiprocessed electrical steel intended primarily for commercial power frequency applications in magnetic devices. These electrical steels are low carbon, silicon-iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys, and are classified according to core-loss. Unlike the fully processed electrical steels covered by ASTM A 677, the electrical steels in this specification require heat treatment by the user to develop the specified magnetic properties. The steels covered by this specification have a thickness of either 0.0185 in. (0.47 mm) or 0.025 in. (0.64 mm). For each thickness there are four core loss types. The core loss shall be determined following the use of a quality evaluation anneal listed in the specification. The core loss is determined using the Epstein test method at a test frequency of 60 Hz and a maximum flux density of 15 kG (1.5 T). Test methods to determine other required physical and mechanical properties are listed. Other typical magnetic and physical properties are listed for reference.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which flat-rolled, nonoriented semiprocessed electrical steel shall conform.  
1.2 This steel is produced to specified maximum core-loss values and is intended primarily for commercial power frequency (50 Hz and 60 Hz) applications in magnetic devices. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are developed through heat treatment by the user.  
1.3 These nonoriented, semiprocessed electrical steels are low carbon, silicon-iron or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys containing up to about 2.5 % silicon and less than 1 % aluminum.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for mill-cast and wrought magnetic pure iron containing no more than 0.0060 % carbon and a typical total iron content of 99.9 %. The magnetic characteristics exhibited by magnetic pure iron are made possible by the absence of alloying elements during production.  
1.2 This specification also covers magnetic pure iron supplied in a form and condition which allows for subsequent heat treatment to achieve desired magnetic characteristics.  
1.3 Magnetic pure iron may be supplied in forms including hot-rolled strip, sheet, plate, bar, billet, and slab; cold-rolled strip and sheet; mill-cast slab and bloom; forgings; and drawn wire and rod.  
1.4 This specification does not cover cast parts or iron powders capable of being processed into magnetic components. Please refer to the following ASTM standards for information regarding powdered metal materials and magnetic components: Specifications A811, A839, and A904.  
1.5 This specification does not cover material that contains constituent elements sufficient to increase the carbon content above 0.0060 % or to decrease the iron content below 99.9 %. Refer to Specification A848 for properties of low carbon magnetic iron.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6.1 There are selected values presented in two units, both of which are acceptable SI units. These are differentiated by the word “or,” as in “g/cm3, or, (kg/m3).”  
1.7 Acceptance values may be generated by an independent party. This specification accepts reports from producers or intermediate suppliers.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers parts produced from pressing and sintering of iron-phosphorus powders. The specification does not cover parts produced by metal injection molding. These parts are used in magnetic applications requiring higher permeability and electrical resistivity and lower coercive field strength than routinely attainable in parts produced from unalloyed iron powder. Two powder types are covered: Type I containing nominally 0.45% phosphorus, and Type II containing nominally 0.8% phosphorus. Apart from chemistry, parts produced to this specification shall have a minimum sintered density and maximum allowable coercive field strength. The minimum sintered density shall be 6.8 g/cm3 (6800 kg/m3) in the magnetically critical section of the part. Three grades with increasing maximum allowable coercive field strength are defined for each powder type. Detailed appendices showing the effect of sintering conditions on the magnetic and mechanical properties of parts made from both powders are included in this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers parts produced from iron-phosphorus powder metallurgy materials. These parts are used in magnetic applications requiring higher permeability and electrical resistivity and lower coercive field strength than attainable routinely from parts produced from iron powder.  
1.2 Two powder types are covered; Type I containing nominally 0.45 wt.% phosphorus, and Type II containing nominally 0.8 wt.% phosphorus.  
1.3 This specification deals with powder metallurgy parts in the sintered or annealed condition. Should the sintered parts be subjected to any secondary operation that causes mechanical strain, such as machining or sizing, they should be resintered or annealed.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard sintered ceramic ferrite permanent magnets. Both barium and strontium ferrite materials are covered by this specification. Both isotropic (1 type) and anisotropic (12 types) are covered. A cross reference to both IEC and MMPA designations is provided. The magnetic property requirements for each type are defined as is the method of test. Other defined requirements include the workmanship. Typical physical properties are listed in the appendices.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard sintered ferrite permanent magnets.  
1.2 Ferrite permanent magnets have residual induction Br from 0.2 T (2000 G) up to about 0.5 T (5000 G) and intrinsic coercive field strength HcJ from 160 kA/m (2000 Oe) up to about 400 kA/m (5000 Oe). Their specific magnetic hysteresis behavior (demagnetization curve) can be characterized using Test Method A977/A977M.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers soft magnetic iron parts fabricated by pressing and sintering of iron powder. The specification does not cover parts produced by metal injection molding. Parts produced to this specification shall have a minimum sintered density of 6.6 g/cm3 (6600 kg/m3) in the magnetically critical section of the part. Chemical requirements for the sintered part are given. Three grades distinguished by the measured maximum value of coercive field strength are defined. Apart from the required measurements of sintered density, chemical composition and coercive field strength, information on magnetic aging and its detection is given. Appendices containing magnetic and mechanical property data for a variety of sintering conditions are provided.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers parts produced from iron powder metallurgy materials.  
1.2 This specification deals with powder metallurgy parts in the sintered or annealed condition. Should the sintered parts be subjected to any secondary operation that causes mechanical strain, such as machining or sizing, they should be resintered or annealed.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units, which are provided for information only, and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard, cast and sintered permanent magnets known commonly as Alnico. Alnico magnets have approximate magnetic properties of residual magnetic induction from 0.52 T (5200 G) to 1.35 T (13500 G) and coercivity from 38 kA/m (475 Oe) to 175 kA/m (2200 Oe). Their specific magnetic hysteresis behavior (demagnetization curves) can be characterized using Test Method A977/A977M.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard, cast and sintered permanent magnets known commonly as Alnico.  
1.2 Alnico magnets have approximate magnetic properties of residual magnetic induction, Br, from 0.52 T (5200 G) to 1.35 T (13500 G) and coercivity, HcB, from 38 kA/m (475 Oe) to 175 kA/m (2200 Oe). Their specific magnetic hysteresis behavior (demagnetization curves) can be characterized using Test Method A977/A977M.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This practice explains the procedure for identifying standard grades and types of flat-rolled electrical steels in ASTM electrical steel specifications. This practice applies to flat-rolled magnetically soft irons and steel such as low-carbon steels and alloys of iron with silicon, aluminum, and so forth produced to a specified thickness and maximum value of core loss. These designations are intended to replace the old AISI M designations which are no longer supported. The practice also has a cross-reference between thickness and electrical sheet gage number.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for designating (within ASTM specifications) standard grades of flat-rolled electrical steels made to specified maximum values of specific core loss. This practice applies to magnetically soft irons and steel (low-carbon steels and alloys of iron with silicon, aluminum, and other alloying elements) where a core loss measurement at a stated peak value of alternating induction and a stated frequency, such as 1.5 T (15 kG) and 60 Hz, is normally used to grade the material. This practice also applies when some other property is specified (or a different induction or frequency, or both) as the limiting characteristic, provided the material also meets all the requirements of the ASTM specification.  
1.2 Individual specifications that are in conformity with this practice are Specifications A677, A683, A726, A876, and A1086.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers commonly used wrought nickel-iron soft magnetic alloys produced or supplied expressly for use in magnetic cores and other parts requiring high magnetic permeability, high electrical resistivity, low coercive field strength, and low core loss. This specification does not cover material produced by casting or by powder metallurgy techniques. These materials are capable of being produced in a wide variety of forms and conditions such as forging billet, hot-rolled plate, strip, and bar, cold-finished bars, cold-rolled sheep and strip, shaped bar and wire. Four specific alloy types containing nominally 45, 48, 76 and 80 nickel with various other elements are covered by this specification. The alloy chemistry requirements are listed. Magnetic property requirements for the different alloys, product forms and sizes are specified. Typical physical property data and useful heat treatment information are provided in appendices.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers commonly used wrought nickel-iron soft magnetic alloys produced or supplied expressly for use in magnetic cores and other parts requiring high magnetic permeability, high electrical resistivity, low coercive field strength, and low core loss.  
1.2 This specification covers materials supplied by a producer or converter to the form and physical condition desired for fabrication into parts that will later be given a final heat treatment to achieve the desired magnetic characteristics. It covers materials supplied in the form of forging billet; hot-rolled plate, strip, and bar; cold-finished bar; cold-rolled and annealed sheet and strip; shaped bar and wire; and wire.  
1.2.1 This specification does not cover either powder metallurgically produced or cast parts.  
1.2.2 This specification lists requirements for strip products having isotropic or semi-isotropic magnetic properties but does not include requirements for anisotropic or square hysteresis loop alloys or alloys processed to yield flattened hysteresis loops by use of heat treatments in an applied magnetic field.  
1.2.3 This specification does not cover alloys modified by the addition of elements such as sulfur and selenium to enhance machinability.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3.1 There are selected values presented in two units, both of which are in acceptable SI units. These are differentiated by the word “, or,” as in “g/cm3, or, (kg/m3).” In addition, values for mean linear coefficient of expansion in Table X1.1 are shown solely in μm/m/°C in keeping with prior versions of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers wrought iron-cobalt high magnetic saturation alloys, UNS R30005 (49 % Co, 49% Fe, 2%V) and UNS K92650 (27 % Co, balance Fe), for use in magnetic components. The specification covers alloy supplied in form of forging billets, hot-rolled bar, hot rolled plate, cold-finished bar, and cold rolled strip. It does not cover alloy produced either by casting or by powder metallurgical techniques. The material shall conform to the chemical requirements prescribed in this specification. Magnetic property requirements and dimensional tolerances are listed. Appendices giving useful information on the heat treatment of these alloys and typical physical properties are included.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two wrought iron-cobalt alloy types for use in magnetic components requiring high permeability at and above 1.5 T (15 kG) or high saturation flux density. The specific alloy types covered are:
Alloy Type  
UNS  
Nominal Composition  
1  
R30005  
49 % Co, 49 % Fe, 2 % V  
2  
K92650  
27 % Co, 0.50 % Cr, balance Fe  
1.1.1 This specification also covers material supplied by a producer in the form and physical condition suitable for fabrication into parts that will later be given final heat treatment to achieve the desired magnetic characteristics and, where required, mechanical properties. It covers material supplied in form of forging billets, hot-rolled products (that is, bar, plate, and strip), cold-finished bars, and cold-rolled strip.  
1.2 This specification does not cover parts produced by casting or by powder metallurgical techniques.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3.1 There are selected values presented in two units, both of which are in acceptable SI units. These are differentiated by the word “, or,” as in “g/cm3, or, (kg/m3).”  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which flat-rolled thin-gauge nonoriented fully processed electrical steel shall conform. Nominal thicknesses included in this specification are 0.10 mm (0.004 in.) to 0.30 mm (0.012 in.).  
1.1.1 Refer to Specification A677 for properties of flat-rolled nonoriented fully processed electrical steel in nominal thicknesses of 0.36 mm (0.014 in.) to 0.64 mm (0.025 in.).  
1.1.2 Refer to Specification A876 for properties of flat-rolled grain-oriented fully processed electrical steel.  
1.1.3 Thin-gauge nonoriented electrical steels with a high silicon content (typically 61/2 %) manufactured using silicon vapor-deposition or similar processes are not included in this specification.  
1.2 The steel covered in this specification is produced to specified maximum core loss values and is intended primarily for use in rotating electrical machinery and other electromagnetic devices operating at moderate to elevated frequencies (100 Hz and greater). Desirable core loss and permeability characteristics are developed during mill processing; however, lamination manufacturing processes may adversely affect these mill-produced properties. Additional stress-relief heat treatment by the user may therefore be helpful in remediating these properties in the manufactured laminations. Stress-relief annealing is discussed further in Appendix X2.  
1.3 These thin-gauge nonoriented fully processed electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon-iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys typically containing 2.5 to 3.5 % silicon and a small amount of aluminum.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4.1 There are selected values presented in two units, both of which are in acceptable SI units. These are differentiated by the word “or,” as in “g/cm3, or, (kg/m3).”  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the magnetic property requirements of 50 nickel-50 iron soft magnetic parts fabricated by powder metallurgy techniques in the sintered or annealed conditions, intended for parts that require high magnetic permeability, high electrical resistivity, low coercive field strength, and low hysteresis loss. This specification does not cover parts produced by metal injection molding. Parts shall be tested and adhere to the chemical composition, sintered density and coercive field strength requirements listed in this specification. Appendices contain information on typical magnetic properties and heat treatment.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the magnetic properties of 50 nickel-50 iron parts fabricated by powder metallurgy techniques and is intended for parts that require high magnetic permeability, high electrical resistivity, low coercive field strength, and low hysteresis loss. It differs from the wrought alloy specification (see Specification A753) because these parts are porous. A number of magnetic properties such as permeability are proportional to the sintered density.  
1.2 This specification deals with powder metallurgy parts in the sintered or annealed condition. Should the sintered parts be subjected to any secondary operation that causes mechanical strain, such as machining or sizing, they should be resintered or annealed.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3.1 There are selected values presented in two units, both of which are in acceptable SI units. These are differentiated by the word “or,” as in “μΩ-cm, or, Ω-m.”  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers wrought iron-silicon (Fe-Si) relay steels that are generally used in the manufacture of electromechanical devices, such as relays and solenoids, requiring higher electrical resistivity, higher permeability, and lower coercivity and residual magnetism than provided by either carbon steels or soft magnetic low-carbon irons. Available forms and conditions are forging billet, hot-rolled product, cold-finished bars, strip, and wire. These steels are not the same as the flat-rolled non-oriented or grain oriented iron-silicon electrical steels covered by ASTM Specifications A 677, A 683 and A 876. The steels covered in this specification have nominal silicon contents of 1.1, 2.3 and 4.0 % Si. Both the 1.1 and 2.3 % Si types are also available in an enhanced machinability composition. Along with chemical composition, steels produced to this specification must meet a specified maximum value of coercive field strength when heat treated according to this specification. Appendices are given containing typical magnetic, physical and mechanical properties and heat treatment.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers wrought iron-silicon (Fe-Si) steels that are generally used in the manufacture of electromechanical devices, such as relays and solenoids, requiring higher electrical resistivity, higher permeability, and lower coercivity and residual magnetism than provided by either carbon steels or soft magnetic low-carbon irons. The steels covered in this specification are:    
Steel Type  
Nominal Composition  
1  
1.1 % Si-Fe  
1F  
1.1 % Si-Fe free machining  
2  
2.3 % Si-Fe  
2F  
2.3 % Si-Fe free machining  
3  
4.0 % Si-Fe  
1.2 This specification covers steels in the form and condition required for fabrication into parts. The fabricated parts typically require a final heat treatment to obtain the desired magnetic performance. The term mill annealed as used in this specification applies to a heat treatment, typically applied by the producer, intended to improve formability. The mill anneal does not provide the optimum magnetic performance and is not intended to replace the need for the finish annealing of parts.  
1.3 This specification covers steels in the form of forging billets, hot-rolled bar and strip, cold-finished bar, wire, and cold-rolled strip in thicknesses up to 6.35 mm (0.250 in.).  
1.4 This specification does not cover electrical sheet steels used in transformer and motor laminations. Please refer to Specifications A677, A683, A726, A876, and A1086 for standards pertaining to these material types.  
1.5 This specification does not cover powder metallurgy materials capable of being processed into magnetic core components having similar silicon contents.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6.1 There are selected values presented in two units, both of which are in acceptable SI units. These are differentiated by the word “or,” as in “μΩ-cm, or, Ω-m.”  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification applies to technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard sintered (fully dense) permanent magnets commonly known as samarium cobalt (SmCo). SmCo permanent magnets are available in two general composition families abbreviated “SmCo 1:5” and “SmCo 2:17.” These materials have approximate magnetic properties of residual magnetic induction from 0.78 T (7800 G) to 1.18 T (11 800 G) and intrinsic coercivity typically greater than 800 kA/m (10 000 Oe). Special grades and isotropic (un-aligned) magnets can have properties outside these ranges. Specific magnetic hysteresis behavior (demagnetization curve) can be characterized using Test Method A977/A977M.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard sintered (fully dense) permanent magnets commonly known as samarium cobalt. These materials are available in two general composition families abbreviated “SmCo 1:5” and “SmCo 2:17.” The numbers indicate the approximate atomic ratio of samarium to the sum of other constituents. (Refer to Appendix X3 for additional composition information.)  
1.2 Samarium cobalt magnets have approximate magnetic properties of residual magnetic induction, Br, from 0.78 T (7800 G) to 1.18 T (11 800 G) and intrinsic coercivity, HcJ, typically greater than 800 kA/m (10 000 Oe). Special grades and isotropic (un-aligned) magnets can have properties outside these ranges (see Appendix X4). Specific magnetic hysteresis behavior (demagnetization curve) can be characterized using Test Method A977/A977M.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements to which flat-cast, amorphous, semi-processed, iron-base magnetic core alloys must conform. These alloys shall be produced by a rapid-quenching, direct-casting process, resulting in metals with noncrystalline structure. The alloys shall be made to meet specified maximum core-loss values and shall be intended primarily for commercial power frequency applications. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics shall be developed by further heat treatment in a magnetic field. Amorphous magnetic core alloys are normally composed of iron with small amounts of alloying elements such as boron and silicon. There are no specific chemical requirements in this specification. Material produced to this specification shall conform to the required physical and mechanical properties such as density, ductility, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, volume resistivity, lamination factor, surface, edge, and pinholes. The alloy shall also conform to the magnetic property requirements such as DC induction, DC coercive field strength, DC residual induction, core loss, and specific exciting power.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements to which flat-cast, amorphous, semi-processed, iron-base magnetic core alloys must conform.  
1.2 These alloys are produced by a rapid-quenching, direct-casting process, resulting in metals with noncrystalline (amorphous) structure. The metallic alloys are made to meet specified maximum core-loss values and are intended primarily for commercial power frequency (50- and 60-Hz) applications in magnetic devices. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are developed by further heat treatment in a magnetic field by the user. The heat treatment typically consists of heating the material to a temperature of 320 to 420°C in a dry, inert atmosphere for 5 to 10 min, although soak times of up to 2 h may be used for large transformer cores. A magnetic field may be required during annealing as designated by the producer. Exact optimum annealing conditions depend on the processing of the material and the size and shape of the device.  
1.3 Some of these alloys are sensitive to mechanical stress. Care must be exercised in minimizing any stresses on the material in its final application, otherwise, its magnetic properties will be significantly impaired.  
1.4 This specification is developed to aid in the purchase of transformer grade amorphous strip. It provides the chemical, physical, and magnetic parameters and procedures for quality control tests.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are numerical conversions to customary (cgs and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification concerns general procedures for specifying requirements of flat-rolled electrical steels for magnetic applications. This specification is to be used when the material in question is not covered by an ASTM material specification. The specification does not contain requirements but instead lists physical properties, ordering information and other attributes that should be considered when purchasing the material. All ASTM electrical steel specifications are in conformity to this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers general procedures for specifying requirements in the procurement and delivery of flat-rolled electrical steels for magnetic applications. When an applicable individual specification does not exist, this specification enables the user to order a suitable material to be supplied under controlled conditions with respect to magnetic quality, sampling, testing, packaging, and so forth, by specifying certain requirements on the purchase order and citing this specification.  
1.2 Individual ASTM electrical steel specifications that are in conformity with this specification are Specifications A677, A683, A726, A840, A876, and A1086.
Note 1: For more information on other standards associated with this specification, refer to the following: Test Methods A341/A341M, A343/A343M, A348/A348M, A596/A596M, A712, A717/A717M, A719/A719M, A720/A720M, A721/A721M, A773/A773M, A804/A804M, A889/A889M, A937/A937M, A971/A971M, and Practice A664.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers nominally 17.5% Cr free-machining ferritic stainless soft magnetic alloy produced or supplied expressly in cold-finished bar form for use in magnetic cores and other parts requiring a corrosion-resistant, high permeability, low-coercivity steel. This specification does not cover either cast parts or parts produced by powder metallurgy techniques. Two specific alloy types are covered distinguished by different silicon levels. Required measurements include chemical analysis and dc magnetic property measurement. The magnetic properties depend both on the grade and the dimensions. Apart from the requirements, the specification contains useful appendices discussing the magnetic testing of these alloys and typical magnetic and physical properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers free-machining ferritic stainless soft magnetic alloy produced or supplied expressly in cold-finished bar form for use in magnetic cores and other parts requiring a high permeability, low-coercivity stainless steel.  
1.1.1 This specification does not cover either cast parts or parts produced by powder metallurgy techniques.  
1.2 Two specific alloy types are covered. The primary constituents are shown in Table 1. These types have corrosion resistance similar to AISI Type 430F and Type 430F, Specification A582/A582M.  
1.3 This specification covers only these alloy types supplied in cold-finished bars in cross-sectional shapes such as rounds, squares, hexagons, and octagons with diameters (diagonals) greater than or equal to 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) and less than or equal to 41.5 mm (1.63 in.).2  
1.4 Certain cold-finished round bar products are capable of being supplied mill annealed to required magnetic properties such as low coercivity. The size range that can be mill annealed is from 6.35 to 41.5 mm (0.250 to 1.63 in.). Other products of these alloys cannot be mill annealed to produce equivalently low coercivity; hence, the final machined parts should be heat treated as recommended by the producer.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This classification establishes categories of insulating coatings based on their chemical nature, relative insulating ability, and typical applications. These categories describe general physical and chemical characteristics of the coatings that are useful in making broad estimates of their insulating ability and suitability for various applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This document classifies insulating coatings for electrical steels according to their composition, relative insulating ability, and functionality. The purpose of this classification is to assist users of insulating coatings by providing general information about the chemical nature and use of the coatings, as well as to provide important data concerning limits to their use, that is, relative insulating ability, punchability, temperature stability, weldability, and fabricability. Specific surface insulation resistivity values for each coating are not included in this classification. The user is referred to the flat-rolled electrical steel specifications noted in 1.2 should more detailed information concerning surface insulation resistivity values be required.  
1.2 This classification is to be used in conjunction with the various specifications for flat-rolled electrical steels under the jurisdiction of Committee A06, including Specifications A345, A677, A683, A726, A840, A876, and A1086. However, in those instances in which the coating descriptions and characteristics differ between this classification and any of the specifications, this classification shall supersede the specification.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard requirements for semi-processed cold-rolled magnetic lamination quality steels. These steels shall be made by the basic-oxygen or electric-furnace method and shall be processed by hot rolling, pickling, cold rolling, annealing, and temper rolling. Magnetic lamination steels shall have low-carbon contents and may have manganese, phosphorus, silicon, and aluminum additions to enhance punchability and to improve magnetic characteristics by increasing the electrical resistivity. There are no fixed chemical requirements for these steels only the requirement to meet the specified magnetic properties. These steels must be heat treated by the user to develop the specified magnetic properties. This specification covered steels with thicknesses of 0.0185 in. ( 0.47 mm), 0.022 in. (0.56 mm), 0.025 in. (0.64 mm), 0.028 in. (0.71 mm) and 0.031 in. (0.79 mm). For a given thickness there are three or more core loss types distinguished by maximum allowable core loss after a specified quality development anneal. Magnetic testing shall be done after the specified quality development anneal and shall use the Epstein test method. Magnetic testing shall be done at a test frequency of 60 Hz and a maximum flux density of 15 kG (1.5 T). Test methods to determine the magnetic and mechanical properties are listed. Other typical magnetic and physical properties are listed for reference.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers cold-rolled carbon sheet steel used for magnetic applications. These products, commonly called “cold-rolled magnetic lamination steel” (CRML) are usually intended for applications in which the stamped laminations or assembled core structures for electrical equipment are annealed to develop the desired core loss and permeability characteristics.  
1.2 This steel is produced to maximum specific core-loss values and is intended primarily for commercial power frequency (50- and 60-Hz) applications in magnetic devices. Specific core-loss and permeability characteristics in conformance with this specification are developed through heat treatment by the user.  
1.3 Non-guaranteed core-loss types, usually made to controlled chemical compositions, are available but are not covered by this specification.  
1.4 Higher quality core-loss types are low carbon, silicon-iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys containing up to about 2.5 % silicon and less than 1 % aluminum. These steels are usually given a critical reduction on a temper-mill to yield specified magnetic properties after a suitable lamination anneal. These products, typically called semiprocessed magnetic lamination steel, are classified by the ASTM Code Letter D in accordance with Practice A664.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification deals with soft magnetic manganese zinc ferrite core materials for high frequency power transformer and filter inductor applications. Standard types of both power transformer and filter inductor material are defined. For power transformer use, there are five types defined by their maximum core loss density and minimum saturation flux density. For filter inductor materials, three types are defined based on their inductance permeability. Apart from magnetic property requirements, dimensional tolerances and workmanship requirements are defined in this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements to which the specified grades of soft magnetic manganese zinc (MnZn) ferrite materials shall conform. Cores made from these materials are used primarily in transformers and inductors.  
1.2 Frequency—MnZn ferrite cores are primarily used for frequencies in the range of 10 kHz to 1 MHz. Many inductors have a DC component as well.  
1.3 Magnetic Flux Density—Applications consist of two main categories, high and low magnetic flux density.  
1.3.1 High Magnetic Flux Density—Transformers used for power conversion. Inductors or chokes used in high current applications.  
1.3.2 Low Magnetic Flux Density—Transformers, inductors, chokes used for signal conditioning.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard requirements for wrought low-carbon iron having a carbon content of 0.015% or less with the remainder of the analysis being substantially iron. These alloys are not electrical steels such as are described in Specifications A 726 and A 840 but are instead primarily used in dc magnetic applications and are produced in a wide variety of mill forms such as forging billet and cold finished bar and wire as well as strip. Two alloy types are covered: Type 1 is a low-phosphorus grade and Type 2 contains a phosphorus addition to improve machinability. Apart from chemical requirements, alloy produced to this specification must exhibit guaranteed maximum values of coercive field strength when heat treated according to this specification. This specification has several useful appendices dealing with typical magnetic, physical and mechanical properties, heat treatment and magnetic aging.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for wrought low-carbon iron typically having a carbon content of 0.015 % or less with the remainder of the chemical composition being substantially iron.  
1.1.1 Two alloy types are covered: Type 1 is a low-phosphorous grade and Type 2 contains a phosphorous addition to improve machinability.  
1.2 This specification also covers alloys supplied by a producer or converter in the form and condition suitable for fabrication into parts which will be subsequently heat treated to create the desired magnetic characteristics. It covers alloys supplied in the form of forging billets, hot-rolled products, and cold-finished bar, wire, and strip.  
1.3 This specification does not cover iron powders capable of being processed into magnetic components. Please refer to the following ASTM Standards for information regarding powdered metal materials and magnetic components: Specifications A811, A839, and A904.  
1.4 This specification does not cover flat-rolled, low-carbon electrical steels. Please refer to Specification A726 for information regarding these materials.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the detailed requirements for specified grades of flat-rolled, grain-oriented, fully processed low-carbon silicon-iron electrical steels, whose low core loss and high permeability in the direction of rolling have been achieved by appropriate metallurgical processing. These steels are primarily used in transformer cores operating at moderate to high magnetic flux densities at commercial power frequencies. These steels may be acquired in any of four conditions a.) conventional grain-oriented tested at 15 kG (1.5 T), b.) conventional grain-oriented tested at 17 kG (1.7 T), c.) high-permeability grain-oriented tested at 17 kG (1.7 T) and d.) laser-scribed high-permeability grain-oriented tested at 17 kG (1.7 T). These steels can be purchased in a number of combinations of material form and surface type or treatment. This specification explains in detail, the available forms, thicknesses and magnetic performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which the specified grades of flat-rolled, grain-oriented, fully processed electrical steels shall conform. These steels are used primarily in transformer cores operating at moderate to high magnetic flux densities at commercial power frequencies (50 and 60 Hz).  
1.2 These grain-oriented electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon-iron alloys with a silicon content of approximately 3.2 % in which low core loss and high permeability in the direction of rolling have been achieved by appropriate metallurgical processing.  
1.3 The electrical-steel grades described in this specification include (1) conventional grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.5 T (15 kG) in accordance with Test Method A343/A343M, (2) conventional grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.7 T (17 kG) in accordance with Test Method A343/A343M, (3) high-permeability grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.7 T (17 kG) in accordance with Test Method A343/A343M, and (4) laser-scribed high-permeability grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.7 T (17 kG) in accordance with Test Methods A804/A804M.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the detailed requirements for specified grades of flat-rolled, grain-oriented, fully processed low-carbon silicon-iron electrical steels, whose low core loss and high permeability in the direction of rolling have been achieved by appropriate metallurgical processing. These steels are primarily used in transformer cores operating at moderate to high magnetic flux densities at commercial power frequencies. The ASTM core-loss type designations for the electrical steels covered here are 18G041, 23G045, 27G051, 30G058, 35G066, 23H070, 27H074, 30H083, 35H094, 23P060, 27P066, 23Q054, and 27Q057. Steels may be acquired in any of four conditions, classified according to a combination of material form and surface type or treatment as desired for the expected end use. Materials shall conform to specified values of magnetic properties (core loss, permeability, and magnetic aging), physical dimensions (thickness, length, and width), and mechanical properties (lamination factor and ductility).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which the specified grades of flat-rolled, grain-oriented, fully processed electrical steels shall conform. These steels are used primarily in transformer cores operating at moderate to high magnetic flux densities at commercial power frequencies (50 and 60 Hz).  
1.2 These grain-oriented electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon-iron alloys with a silicon content of approximately 3.2 % in which low core loss and high permeability in the direction of rolling have been achieved by appropriate metallurgical processing.  
1.3 The electrical-steel grades described in this specification include (1) conventional grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.5 T (15 kG) in accordance with Test Method A343/A343M, (2) conventional grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.7 T (17 kG) in accordance with Test Method A343/A343M, (3) high-permeability grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.7 T (17 kG) in accordance with Test Method A343/A343M, and (4) laser-scribed high-permeability grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 1.7 T (17 kG) in accordance with Test Methods A804/A804M.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard sintered ceramic ferrite permanent magnets. Magnetic properties such as remanence, coercive field strength, and relative recoil permeability shall be measured. The specified magnetic properties are valid only for magnet test specimens with a uniform cross-section along the axis of magnetization. Properties for anisotropic magnets shall be measured along the axis of preferred orientation.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard sintered ferrite permanent magnets.  
1.2 Ferrite permanent magnets have residual induction Br from 0.2 T (2000 G) up to about 0.5 T (5000 G) and intrinsic coercive field strength HcJ from 160 kA/m (2000 Oe) up to about 400 kA/m (5000 Oe). Their specific magnetic hysteresis behavior (demagnetization curve) can be characterized using Test Method A977/A977M.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard sintered and fully dense neodymium iron boron (Nd2Fe14B, NdFeB, or ‘Neo’ permanent magnets. These materials are available in a wide range of compositions with a commensurately large range of magnetic properties. Neodymium iron boron magnets have approximate magnetic properties of residual magnetic induction from 1.08 T (10 800 G) up to 1.5 T (15 000 G) and intrinsic coercive field strength of 875 kA/m (11 000 Oe) to above 2785 kA/m (35 000 Oe). Special grades and isotropic (un-aligned) magnets can have properties outside these ranges.
This specification provides guidance for the chemical composition of neodymium iron boron magnets as well as their physical and mechanical properties, magnetic properties (maximum energy product, residual induction, coercive field strength, intrinsic coercive field strength), workmanship, finish, and appearance. It also includes requirements for sampling, certification, and packaging and package marking.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard sintered and fully dense neodymium iron boron (Nd2Fe14B, NdFeB, or “Neo”) permanent magnets. These materials are available in a wide range of compositions with a commensurately large range of magnetic properties. The numbers in the Nd2Fe14B name indicate the approximate atomic ratio of the key elements.  
1.2 Neodymium iron boron magnets have approximate magnetic properties of residual magnetic induction, Br, from 1.08 T (10 800 G) up to 1.5 T (15 000 G) and intrinsic coercive field strength, HcJ, of 875 kA/m (11 000 Oe) to above 2785 kA/m (35 000 Oe). Special grades and isotropic (un-aligned) magnets can have properties outside these ranges (see Appendix X4). Specific magnetic hysteresis behavior (demagnetization curve) can be characterized using Test Method A977/A977M.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard, cast and sintered permanent magnets known commonly as Alnico. Alnico magnets have approximate magnetic properties of residual magnetic induction from 0.52 T (5200 G) to 1.35 T (13500 G) and coercivity from 38 kA/m (475 Oe) to 175 kA/m (2200 Oe). Their specific magnetic hysteresis behavior (demagnetization curves) can be characterized using Test Method A977/A977M.
This specification provides guidance with respect to the general chemical composition of Alnico magnets as well as their physical and mechanical properties, magnetic properties (maximum energy product, residual induction, coercive field strength, intrinsic coercive field strength), workmanship, finish, and appearance. It also includes requirements for sampling, certification, and packaging and package marking.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard, cast and sintered permanent magnets known commonly as Alnico.  
1.2 Alnico magnets have approximate magnetic properties of residual magnetic induction, Br, from 0.52 T (5200 G) to 1.35 T (13500 G) and coercivity, HcB, from 38 kA/m (475 Oe) to 175 kA/m (2200 Oe). Their specific magnetic hysteresis behavior (demagnetization curves) can be characterized using Test Method A977/A977M.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification applies to technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard sintered (fully dense) permanent magnets commonly known as samarium cobalt (SmCo). SmCo permanent magnets are available in two general composition families abbreviated ‘SmCo 1:5’ and ‘SmCo 2:17.’ These materials have approximate magnetic properties of residual magnetic induction from 0.78 T (7800 G) to 1.18 T (11 800 G) and intrinsic coercivity typically greater than 800 kA/m (10 000 Oe). Special grades and isotropic (un-aligned) magnets can have properties outside these ranges. Specific magnetic hysteresis behavior (demagnetization curve) can be characterized using Test Method A977/A977M.
This specification includes requirements for the chemical composition of SmCo permanent magnets as well as their physical and mechanical properties, magnetic properties (maximum energy product, residual induction, coercive field strength, intrinsic coercive field strength), workmanship, finish, and appearance. It also covers sampling, certification, and packaging and package marking.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard sintered (fully dense) permanent magnets commonly known as samarium cobalt. These materials are available in two general composition families abbreviated “SmCo 1:5” and “SmCo 2:17.” The numbers indicate the approximate atomic ratio of samarium to the sum of other constituents. (Refer to Appendix X3 for additional composition information.)  
1.2 Samarium cobalt magnets have approximate magnetic properties of residual magnetic induction, Br, from 0.78 T (7800 G) to 1.18 T (11 800 G) and intrinsic coercivity, HcJ, typically greater than 800 kA/m (10 000 Oe). Special grades and isotropic (un-aligned) magnets can have properties outside these ranges (see Appendix X4). Specific magnetic hysteresis behavior (demagnetization curve) can be characterized using Test Method A977/A977M.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard requirements for flat-rolled, nonoriented semiprocessed electrical steel intended primarily for commercial power frequency applications in magnetic devices. These electrical steels are low carbon, silicon-iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys, and are classified according to core-loss. Unlike the fully processed electrical steels covered by ASTM A 677, the electrical steels in this specification require heat treatment by the user to develop the specified magnetic properties. The steels covered by this specification have a thickness of either 0.0185 in. (0.47 mm) or 0.025 in. (0.64 mm). For each thickness there are four core loss types. The core loss shall be determined following the use of a quality evaluation anneal listed in the specification. The core loss is determined using the Epstein test method at a test frequency of 60 Hz and a maximum flux density of 15 kG (1.5 T). Test methods to determine other required physical and mechanical properties are listed. Other typical magnetic and physical properties are listed for reference.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which flat-rolled, nonoriented semiprocessed electrical steel shall conform.  
1.2 This steel is produced to specified maximum core-loss values and is intended primarily for commercial power frequency (50 and 60 Hz) applications in magnetic devices. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are developed through heat treatment by the user.  
1.3 These nonoriented, semiprocessed electrical steels are low carbon, silicon-iron or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys containing up to about 2.5 % silicon and less than 1 % aluminum.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard requirements for flat-rolled nonoriented fully processed electrical steel intended primarily for commercial power frequency applications in magnetic devices. These electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys that may be made by basic-oxygen, electric-furnace, or other steelmaking practice. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are developed during mill processing, so additional heat treatment is usually not required. The grades contained in this specification have thicknesses of 0.014 in. (0. 36 mm), 0.0185 in. (0.47 mm) and 0.0250 in. (0.64 mm). For a given thickness there are from 7 to 9 types based on the maximum value of core loss measured at 60 Hz and 15 kG (1.5 T) using the Epstein test method. Test methods to determine the required magnetic and mechanical properties are specified. Other typical magnetic and physical properties are listed for reference.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which flat-rolled nonoriented fully processed electrical steel shall conform.  
1.2 This steel is produced to specified maximum core-loss values and is intended primarily for commercial power frequency (50 and 60 Hz) applications in magnetic devices. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are developed during mill processing, so additional heat treatment by the user is usually not necessary.  
1.3 These nonoriented fully processed electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon-iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys containing up to about 3.5 % silicon and a small amount of aluminum.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers soft magnetic iron parts fabricated by powder metallurgy (P/M) techniques. The material shall conform to the chemical composition requirements. The density of P/M parts is determined by the compressibility of the powder, the compacting pressure, and sintering practice (temperature, time, and atmosphere). The magnetic property evaluation procedures for P/M parts are presented. Three grades, defined by coercive field strength are presented; Grade 3 was developed from interlaboratory study, Grades 2 and 3 are based on a literature review and are believed to reflect the current industry capabilities. A lot shall consist of parts of the same form and dimensions, produced from a single mixed powder batch and from an unchanged process, without discontinuity in production, and submitted for inspection at one time.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers parts produced from iron powder metallurgy materials.  
1.2 This specification deals with powder metallurgy parts in the sintered or annealed condition. Should the sintered parts be subjected to any secondary operation that causes mechanical strain, such as machining or sizing, they should be resintered or annealed.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units, which are provided for information only, and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the procedure for designating standard grades of flat-rolled electrical steels made to specified maximum values of core loss. This practice applies to magnetically soft irons and steel such as low-carbon steels and alloys of iron with silicon, aluminum,and so forth where a core loss measurement at a stated peak value of alternating induction and a stated frequency. This practice also applies when some other property
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for designating (within ASTM specifications) standard grades of flat-rolled electrical steels made to specified maximum values of specific core loss. This practice applies to magnetically soft irons and steel (low-carbon steels and alloys of iron with silicon, aluminum, and other alloying elements) where a core loss measurement at a stated peak value of alternating induction and a stated frequency, such as 1.5 T (15 kG) and 60 Hz, is normally used to grade the material. This practice also applies when some other property is specified (or a different induction or frequency, or both) as the limiting characteristic, provided the material also meets all the requirements of the ASTM specification.  
1.2 Individual specifications that are in conformity with this practice are Specifications A677, A683, A726, A876, and A1086.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers parts produced from pressing and sintering of iron-phosphorus powders. The specification does not cover parts produced by metal injection molding. These parts are used in magnetic applications requiring higher permeability and electrical resistivity and lower coercive field strength than routinely attainable in parts produced from unalloyed iron powder. Two powder types are covered: Type I containing nominally 0.45% phosphorus, and Type II containing nominally 0.8% phosphorus. Apart from chemistry, parts produced to this specification shall have a minimum sintered density and maximum allowable coercive field strength. The minimum sintered density shall be 6.8 g/cm3 (6800 kg/m3) in the magnetically critical section of the part. Three grades with increasing maximum allowable coercive field strength are defined for each powder type. Detailed appendices showing the effect of sintering conditions on the magnetic and mechanical properties of parts made from both powders are included in this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers parts produced from iron-phosphorus powder metallurgy materials. These parts are used in magnetic applications requiring higher permeability and electrical resistivity and lower coercive field strength than attainable routinely from parts produced from iron powder.  
1.2 Two powder types are covered; Type I containing nominally 0.45 wt.% phosphorus, and Type II containing nominally 0.8 wt.% phosphorus.  
1.3 This specification deals with powder metallurgy parts in the sintered or annealed condition. Should the sintered parts be subjected to any secondary operation that causes mechanical strain, such as machining or sizing, they should be resintered or annealed.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard sintered ceramic ferrite permanent magnets. Magnetic properties such as remanence, coercive field strength, and relative recoil permeability shall be measured. The specified magnetic properties are valid only for magnet test specimens with a uniform cross-section along the axis of magnetization. Properties for anisotropic magnets shall be measured along the axis of preferred orientation.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers technically important, commercially available, magnetically hard sintered ceramic ferrite permanent magnets.  
1.2 Ceramic ferrite magnets have residual magnetic induction Br from 2000 G (0.2 T) up to about 5000 G (0.5 T) and intrinsic coercive field strength Hci (HcJ) from 2000 Oe (160 kA/m) up to about 5000 Oe (400 kA/m). Their specific magnetic hysteresis behavior (demagnetization curve) can be characterized using Test Method A977/A977M.  
1.3 The values stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the magnetic property requirements of 50 nickel-50 iron soft magnetic parts fabricated by powder metallurgy techniques in the sintered or annealed conditions, intended for parts that require high magnetic permeability, high electrical resistivity, low coercive field strength, and low hysteresis loss. Magnetic parts shall be tested and adhere to chemical composition and sintered density requirements, to which magnetic and residual induction strongly depends on. Parts shall also be tested for their conformance to coercive field strength requirements. The user and producer shall agree upon a representative number of specimens for testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the magnetic properties of 50 nickel-50 iron parts fabricated by powder metallurgy techniques and is intended for parts that require high magnetic permeability, high electrical resistivity, low coercive field strength, and low hysteresis loss. It differs from the wrought alloy specification (see Specification A753) because these parts are porous. A number of magnetic properties such as permeability are proportional to the sintered density.  
1.2 This specification deals with powder metallurgy parts in the sintered or annealed condition. Should the sintered parts be subjected to any secondary operation that causes mechanical strain, such as machining or sizing, they should be resintered or annealed.  
1.3 The values stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers wrought iron-cobalt high magnetic saturation alloys, UNS R30005 and UNS K92650, for use in magnetic components requiring high permeability or high magnetic saturation. It covers material supplied in form of forging billets, hot-rolled products cold-finished bars, and strip. The material shall conform to the chemical requirements prescribed in this specification. Chemical analysis shall be performed for carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen contents. DC magnetic property,which is the magnetic flux density of the material, shall meet the requirements prescribed in each type of alloys.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two wrought iron-cobalt alloy types for use in magnetic components requiring high permeability at and above 15 kG (1.5 T) or high magnetic saturation. The specific alloy types covered are:
Alloy Type  
UNS  
Nominal Composition  
1  
R30005  
49 % Co, 49 % Fe, 2 % V  
2  
K92650  
27 % Co, 0.50 % Cr, balance Fe
1.1.1 This specification also covers material supplied by a producer in the form and physical condition suitable for fabrication into parts that will later be given final heat treatment to achieve the desired magnetic characteristics and, where required, mechanical properties. It covers material supplied in form of forging billets, hot-rolled products (that is, bar, plate, and strip), cold-finished bars, and cold-rolled strip.  
1.2 This specification does not cover parts produced by casting or by powder metallurgical techniques.  
1.3 The values stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the procedure for designating standard grades of flat-rolled electrical steels made to specified maximum values of core loss. This practice applies to magnetically soft irons and steel such as low-carbon steels and alloys of iron with silicon, aluminum,and so forth where a core loss measurement at a stated peak value of alternating induction and a stated frequency. This practice also applies when some other property
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for designating (within ASTM specifications) standard grades of flat-rolled electrical steels made to specified maximum values of core loss. This practice applies to magnetically soft irons and steel (low-carbon steels and alloys of iron with silicon, aluminum, and so forth) where a core loss measurement at a stated peak value of alternating induction and a stated frequency, such as 15 kG (1.5 T) and 60 Hz, is normally used to grade the material. This practice also applies when some other property is specified (or a different induction or frequency, or both) as the limiting characteristic, provided the material also meets all the requirements of the ASTM specification.  
1.2 Individual specifications that are in conformity with this practice are Specifications A677, A683, A726, A876, and A1086.  
1.3 The values stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification deals with flat-rolled electrical steels for magnetic applications. These steels are composed principally of iron with relatively small amounts of alloying elements such as silicon and aluminum. The magnetic properties of the material shall be specified. Electrical steels are normally provided with an electrical resistivity appropriate to the core-loss limit and the specified end use. The surface insulation ability may differ widely with the class of electrical steel and the intended end use. Several types of applied coatings available to attain different levels of insulation ability are: C-0, C-2, C-3, C-4, C-4AS, C-5, C5-AS, and C-6. Mechanical properties such as ductility, lamination factor, tensile or yield strength, and so forth shall be specified. Magnetic, electrical, and mechanical tests shall be made.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers general procedures for specifying requirements in the procurement and delivery of flat-rolled electrical steels for magnetic applications. When an applicable individual specification does not exist, this specification enables the user to order a suitable material to be supplied under controlled conditions with respect to magnetic quality, sampling, testing, packaging, and so forth, by specifying certain requirements on the purchase order and citing this specification.  
1.2 Individual ASTM electrical steel specifications that are in conformity with this specification are Specifications A677, A683, A726, A840, A876, and A1086.Note 1—For more information on other standards associated with this specification, refer to the following: Test Methods A341/A341M, A343/A343M, A348/A348M, A596/A596M, A712, A717/A717M, A719/A719M, A720/A720M, A721/A721M, A773/A773M, A804/A804M, A889/A889M, A937/A937M, A971/A971M, and Practice A664.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This classification establishes categories of insulating coatings based on their chemical nature, relative insulating ability, and typical applications. These categories describe general physical and chemical characteristics of the coatings that are useful in making broad estimates of their insulating ability and suitability for various applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This document classifies insulating coatings for electrical steels according to their composition, relative insulating ability, and functionality. The purpose of this classification is to assist users of insulating coatings by providing general information about the chemical nature and use of the coatings, as well as to provide important data concerning limits to their use, that is, relative insulating ability, punchability, temperature stability, weldability, and fabricability. Specific surface insulation resistivity values for each coating are not included in this classification. The user is referred to the flat-rolled electrical steel specifications noted in 1.2 should more detailed information concerning surface insulation resistivity values be required.  
1.2 This classification is to be used in conjunction with the various specifications for flat-rolled electrical steels under the jurisdiction of Committee A06, including Specifications A345, A677, A683, A726, A840, and A876. However, in those instances in which the coating descriptions and characteristics differ between this classification and any of the specifications, this classification shall supersede the specification.  
1.3 The values stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which flat-rolled thin-gauge nonoriented fully processed electrical steel shall conform. Nominal thicknesses included in this specification are 0.004 in. (0.10 mm) to 0.012 in. (0.30 mm).  
1.1.1 Refer to Specification A677 for properties of flat-rolled nonoriented fully processed electrical steel in nominal thicknesses of 0.014 in. (0.36 mm) to 0.025 in. (0.64 mm).  
1.1.2 Refer to Specification A876 for properties of flat-rolled grain-oriented fully processed electrical steel.  
1.1.3 Thin-gauge nonoriented electrical steels with a high silicon content (typically 61/2 %) manufactured using silicon vapor-deposition or similar processes are not included in this specification.  
1.2 The steel covered in this specification is produced to specified maximum core loss values and is intended primarily for use in rotating electrical machinery and other electromagnetic devices operating at moderate to elevated frequencies (100 Hz and greater). Desirable core loss and permeability characteristics are developed during mill processing; however, lamination manufacturing processes may adversely affect these mill-produced properties. Additional stress-relief heat treatment by the user may therefore be helpful in remediating these properties in the manufactured laminations. Stress-relief annealing is discussed further in Appendix X2.  
1.3 These thin-gauge nonoriented fully processed electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon-iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys typically containing 2.5 to 3.5 % silicon and a small amount of aluminum.  
1.4 The values stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers commonly used wrought nickel-iron soft magnetic alloys produced or supplied expressly for use in magnetic cores and other parts requiring high magnetic permeability, high electrical resistivity, low coercive field strength, and low core loss. Four specific alloy types are covered such as Alloy Type 1, 2, 3, and 4. Alloy Type 2 in thin-strip form is available two different grades. Grade 1 is semi-isotropic and is recommended for use in transformer laminations. Grade 2 is isotropic and is recommended for use inn rotating machinery laminations. These materials are capable of being produced in a wide variety of forms and conditions such as forging billet, hot-rolled plate, strip, and bar, cold-finished bars, cold-rolled sheep and strip, shaped bar and wire. The alloys shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, cobalt, copper, and iron. Dc magnetic testing shall be the only magnetic test methods used for all product forma and sizes other than thin strip and sheet measuring magnetic permeability and coercive field strength. The physical properties of annealed alloy such as electrical resistivity, saturation induction, density, Curie temperature and mean linear coefficient of expansion shall be measured. Mechanical properties of cold-rolled hard temper strip such as yiled strength, ultimated tensile strength, elongation,and hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers commonly used wrought nickel-iron soft magnetic alloys produced or supplied expressly for use in magnetic cores and other parts requiring high magnetic permeability, high electrical resistivity, low coercive field strength, and low core loss.  
1.2 This specification covers materials supplied by a producer or converter to the form and physical condition desired for fabrication into parts that will later be given a final heat treatment to achieve the desired magnetic characteristics. It covers materials supplied in the form of forging billet; hot-rolled plate, strip, and bar; cold-finished bar; cold-rolled and annealed sheet and strip; shaped bar and wire; and wire.  
1.2.1 This specification does not cover either powder metallurgically produced or cast parts.  
1.2.2 This specification lists requirements for strip products having isotropic or semi-isotropic magnetic properties but does not include requirements for anisotropic or square hysteresis loop alloys or alloys processed to yield flattened hysteresis loops by use of heat treatments in an applied magnetic field.  
1.2.3 This specification does not cover alloys modified by the addition of elements such as sulfur and selenium to enhance machinability.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers wrought iron-silicon (Fe-Si) steels that are generally used in the manufacture of electromechanical devices, such as relays and solenoids, requiring higher electrical resistivity, higher permeability, and lower coercivity and residual magnetism than provided by either carbon steels or soft magnetic low-carbon irons. The steels covered in this specification are Steel type2 1, 1F, 2, 2F, 3. This specification covers steels in the form and condition required for fabrication into parts. The chemical composition requirements shall conform in carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, aluminum, and iron. Available forms and conditions are forging billet, hot-rolled product, cold-finished bars, strip, and wire. The material shall undergo heat treatment before performing conventional dc magnetic testing and shall conform to the required coercive force and coercive field strength.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers wrought iron-silicon (Fe-Si) steels that are generally used in the manufacture of electromechanical devices, such as relays and solenoids, requiring higher electrical resistivity, higher permeability, and lower coercivity and residual magnetism than provided by either carbon steels or soft magnetic low-carbon irons. The steels covered in this specification are:    
Steel Type  
Nominal Composition  
1  
1.1 % Si-Fe  
1F  
1.1 % Si-Fe free machining  
2  
2.3 % Si-Fe  
2F  
2.3 % Si-Fe free machining  
3  
4.0 % Si-Fe
1.2 This specification covers steels in the form and condition required for fabrication into parts. The fabricated parts typically require a final heat treatment to obtain the desired magnetic performance. The term mill annealed as used in this specification applies to a heat treatment, typically applied by the producer, intended to improve formability. The mill anneal does not provide the optimum magnetic performance and is not intended to replace the need for the finish annealing of parts.  
1.3 This specification covers steels in the form of forging billets, hot-rolled bar and strip, cold-finished bar, wire, and cold-rolled strip in thicknesses up to 0.250 in. (6.35 mm).  
1.4 This specification does not cover electrical sheet steels used in transformer and motor laminations.  
1.5 This specification does not cover powder metallurgy materials capable of being processed into magnetic core components having similar silicon contents.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers free-machining ferritic stainless soft magnetic alloy produced or supplied expressly in cold-finished bar form for use in magnetic cores and other parts requiring a high permeability, low-coercivity stainless steel. Two specific alloy types are covered: Grades, alloy type 1 and Grades, alloy type 2. The material shall conform to the chemical composition requirements specified. Material shall be tested using either ring, permeameter, or coercimeter test methods to meet the required specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers free-machining ferritic stainless soft magnetic alloy produced or supplied expressly in cold-finished bar form for use in magnetic cores and other parts requiring a high permeability, low-coercivity stainless steel.  
1.1.1 This specification does not cover either cast parts or parts produced by powder metallurgy techniques.  
1.2 Two specific alloy types are covered. The primary constituents are shown in Table 1. These types have corrosion resistance similar to AISI Type 430F and Type 430F, Specification A582/A582M.  
1.3 This specification covers only these alloy types supplied in cold-finished bars in cross-sectional shapes such as rounds, squares, hexagons, and octagons with diameters (diagonals) greater than or equal to 0.250 in. (6.35 mm) and less than or equal to 1.625 in. (41.28 mm).2  
1.4 Certain cold-finished round bar products are capable of being supplied mill annealed to required magnetic properties such as low coercivity. The size range that can be mill annealed is from 0.250 to 1.625 in. (6.35 to 41.28 mm). Other products of these alloys cannot be mill annealed to produce equivalently low coercivity; hence, the final machined parts should be heat treated as recommended by the producer.  
1.5 The values stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the detailed requirements for specified grades of flat-rolled, grain-oriented, fully processed low-carbon silicon-iron electrical steels, whose low core loss and high permeability in the direction of rolling have been achieved by appropriate metallurgical processing. These steels are primarily used in transformer cores operating at moderate to high magnetic flux densities at commercial power frequencies. The ASTM core-loss type designations for the electrical steels covered here are 18G041, 23G045, 27G051, 30G058, 35G066, 23H070, 27H074, 30H083, 35H094, 23P060, 27P066, 23Q054, and 27Q057. Steels may be acquired in any of four conditions, classified according to a combination of material form and surface type or treatment as desired for the expected end use. Materials shall conform to specified values of magnetic properties (core loss, permeability, and magnetic aging), physical dimensions (thickness, length, and width), and mechanical properties (lamination factor and ductility).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which the specified grades of flat-rolled, grain-oriented, fully processed electrical steels shall conform. These steels are used primarily in transformer cores operating at moderate to high magnetic flux densities at commercial power frequencies (50 and 60 Hz).  
1.2 These grain-oriented electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon-iron alloys with a silicon content of approximately 3.2 % in which low core loss and high permeability in the direction of rolling have been achieved by appropriate metallurgical processing.  
1.3 The electrical-steel grades described in this specification include (1) conventional grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 15 kG (1.5 T) in accordance with Test Method A343/A343M, (2) conventional grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 17 kG (1.7 T) in accordance with Test Method A343/A343M, (3) high-permeability grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 17 kG (1.7 T) in accordance with Test Method A343/A343M, and (4) laser-scribed high-permeability grain-oriented electrical steel tested at 17 kG (1.7 T) in accordance with Test Methods A804/A804M.  
1.4 The values stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the detailed requirements for flat-rolled nonoriented fully processed electrical steel intended primarily for commercial power frequency applications in magnetic devices. These electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys that may be made by basic-oxygen, electric-furnace, or other steelmaking practice. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are developed during mill processing, so additional heat treatment is usually not necessary. For melting and casting of the electrical steel, the typical content of the chemical elements: carbon, silicon, aluminum, sulfur, manganese, phosphorus, copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, antimony, and tin, are given. The processing sequence for the electrical steel comprises hot-rolling, annealing, pickling, cold-rolling, and decarburizing annealing. The electrical steel shall conform to the specified magnetic properties including: specific core loss, permeability, specific exciting power, and magnetic aging. The following core-loss types are covered in this specification: 36F145, 36F155, 36F165, 36F175, 36F185, 36F195, 36F205, 47F165, 47F180, 47F190, 47F200, 47F210, 47F240, 47F280, 47F400, 47F450, 64F200, 64F210, 64F225, 64F235, 64F250, 64F275, 64F320, 64F500, and 64F550. For surface insulation, the electrical steels shall be supplied with a smooth surface finish and a thin, tightly adherent surface oxide, or applied coatings if needed. The specified thickness and mechanical requirements such as lamination factor, ductility, and hardness are given. Test methods to determine the magnetic and mechanical properties including Epstein test and bend test are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which flat-rolled nonoriented fully processed electrical steel shall conform.  
1.2 This steel is produced to specified maximum core-loss values and is intended primarily for commercial power frequency (50- and 60-Hz) applications in magnetic devices. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are developed during mill processing, so additional heat treatment by the user is usually not necessary.  
1.3 These nonoriented fully processed electrical steels are low-carbon, silicon-iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys containing up to about 3.5 % silicon and a small amount of aluminum.  
1.4 The values stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general requirements to which flat-cast, amorphous, semi-processed, iron-base magnetic core alloys must conform. These alloys shall be produced by a rapid-quenching, direct-casting process, resulting in metals with noncrystalline structure. The metallic alloys shall be made to meet specified maximum core-loss values and shall be intended primarily for commercial power frequency applications in magnetic devices. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics shall be developed by further heat treatment in a magnetic field. Amorphous magnetic core alloys shall be composed principally of iron with small amounts of alloying elements such as boron and silicon. Other chemical elements shall be in residual amounts or can be added to improve fabrication or the physical or magnetic properties. The material shall conform to the required physical and mechanical properties such as density, ductility, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, volume resistivity, lamination factor, surface, edge, and pinholes. The alloy shall also conform to the magnetic property requirements such as DC induction, DC coercive field strength, DC residual induction, core loss, and specific exciting power.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements to which flat-cast, amorphous, semi-processed, iron-base magnetic core alloys must conform.
1.2 These alloys are produced by a rapid-quenching, direct-casting process, resulting in metals with noncrystalline (amorphous) structure. The metallic alloys are made to meet specified maximum core-loss values and are intended primarily for commercial power frequency (50- and 60-Hz) applications in magnetic devices. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are developed by further heat treatment in a magnetic field by the user. The heat treatment typically consists of heating the material to a temperature of 320 to 420°C in a dry, inert atmosphere for 5 to 10 min, although soak times of up to 2 h may be used for large transformer cores. A magnetic field may be required during annealing as designated by the producer. Exact optimum annealing conditions depend on the processing of the material and the size and shape of the device.
1.3 Some of these alloys are sensitive to mechanical stress. Care must be exercised in minimizing any stresses on the material in its final application, otherwise, its magnetic properties will be significantly impaired.
1.4 This specification is developed to aid in the purchase of transformer grade amorphous strip. It provides the chemical, physical, and magnetic parameters and procedures for quality control tests.  
1.5 The values stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1—For more information on procedures associated with this specification, refer to the following: Practices A34/A34M, A664, A700, and B490; Test Methods A370 and A773/A773M.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This practice explains the procedure for identifying standard grades and types of flat-rolled electrical steels in ASTM electrical steel specifications. This practice applies to flat-rolled magnetically soft irons and steel such as low-carbon steels and alloys of iron with silicon, aluminum, and so forth produced to a specified thickness and maximum value of core loss. These designations are intended to replace the old AISI M designations which are no longer supported. The practice also has a cross-reference between thickness and electrical sheet gage number.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for designating (within ASTM specifications) standard grades of flat-rolled electrical steels made to specified maximum values of core loss. This practice applies to magnetically soft irons and steel (low-carbon steels and alloys of iron with silicon, aluminum, and so forth) where a core loss measurement at a stated peak value of alternating induction and a stated frequency, such as 15 kG (1.5 T) and 60 Hz, is normally used to grade the material. This practice also applies when some other property is specified (or a different induction or frequency, or both) as the limiting characteristic, provided the material also meets all the requirements of the ASTM specification.
1.2 Individual specifications that are in conformity with this practice are Specifications A677, A683, A726, and A876.
1.3 The values stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard requirements for wrought low-carbon iron having a carbon content of 0.015% or less with the remainder of the analysis being substantially iron. These alloys are not electrical steels such as are described in Specifications A 726 and A 840 but are instead primarily used in dc magnetic applications and are produced in a wide variety of mill forms such as forging billet and cold finished bar and wire as well as strip. Two alloy types are covered: Type 1 is a low-phosphorus grade and Type 2 contains a phosphorus addition to improve machinability. Apart from chemical requirements, alloy produced to this specification must exhibit guaranteed maximum values of coercive field strength when heat treated according to this specification. This specification has several useful appendices dealing with typical magnetic, physical and mechanical properties, heat treatment and magnetic aging.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for wrought low-carbon iron having a carbon content of 0.015 % or less with the remainder of the analysis being substantially iron.
1.1.1 Two alloy types are covered: Type 1 is a low-phosphorous grade and Type 2 contains a phosphorous addition to improve machinability.
1.2 This specification also covers alloys supplied by a producer or converter in the form and condition suitable for fabrication into parts which will be subsequently heat treated to create the desired magnetic characteristics. It covers alloys supplied in the form of forging billets, hot-rolled products, and cold-finished bar, wire, and strip.
1.3 This specification does not cover iron powders capable of being processed into magnetic components.
1.4 This specification does not cover flat-rolled, low-carbon electrical steels.
1.5 The values stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification deals with soft magnetic manganese zinc ferrite core materials for high frequency power transformer and filter inductor applications. Standard types of both power transformer and filter inductor material are defined. For power transformer use, there are five types defined by their maximum core loss density and minimum saturation flux density. For filter inductor materials, three types are defined based on their inductance permeability. Apart from magnetic property requirements, dimensional tolerances and workmanship requirements are defined in this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements to which the specified grades of soft magnetic manganese zinc (MnZn) ferrite materials shall conform. Cores made from these materials are used primarily in power transformers and filter inductors.
1.2 The values stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pounds) units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard requirements for flat-rolled, nonoriented semiprocessed electrical steel intended primarily for commercial power frequency applications in magnetic devices. These electrical steels are low carbon, silicon-iron, or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys, and are classified according to core-loss. Unlike the fully processed electrical steels covered by ASTM A 677, the electrical steels in this specification require heat treatment by the user to develop the specified magnetic properties. The steels covered by this specification have a thickness of either 0.0185 in. (0.47 mm) or 0.025 in. (0.64 mm). For each thickness there are four core loss types. The core loss shall be determined following the use of a quality evaluation anneal listed in the specification. The core loss is determined using the Epstein test method at a test frequency of 60 Hz and a maximum flux density of 15 kG (1.5 T). Test methods to determine other required physical and mechanical properties are listed. Other typical magnetic and physical properties are listed for reference.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the detailed requirements to which flat-rolled, nonoriented semiprocessed electrical steel shall conform.
1.2 This steel is produced to specified maximum core-loss values and is intended primarily for commercial power frequency (50- and 60-Hz) applications in magnetic devices. Desirable core-loss and permeability characteristics are developed through heat treatment by the user.
1.3 These nonoriented, semiprocessed electrical steels are low carbon, silicon-iron or silicon-aluminum-iron alloys containing up to about 2.5 % silicon and less than 1 % aluminum.
1.4 The values stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units which are provided for information only and are not considered standard.