D02.B0.03 - Automotive Gear Lubricants & Fluids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in specifications and classifications of rear-axle gear lubricants such as:  
5.2.1 Specification D7450.  
5.2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Final drive axles are often subjected to severe service where they encounter high speed shock torque conditions, characterized by sudden accelerations and decelerations. This severe service can lead to scoring distress on the ring gear and pinion surface. This test method measures anti-scoring properties of final drive lubricants.  
5.2 This test method is used or referred to in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.7  
5.2.2 SAE J308 and SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the anti-scoring properties of final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-speed and shock conditions. This test method is commonly referred to as the L-42 test.2  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source equipment suppliers.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There are several major causes of automotive lubricant-related seal failures. This test method addresses only those failures caused by excessive elastomer hardening, elongation loss, and volume swell and attempts to determine the likelihood that an oil might cause premature sealing system failures in field use. This test method may be used as a requirement of a performance specification, such as Specification D5760 and J2360.  
5.2 Another major cause of seal failure is the formation of carbon, varnish, and sludge-like deposits on the seal lip. The deposit-forming characteristics of automotive gear oils are evaluated in Test Method D5704. That procedure is intended in part to evaluate the potential for oils to cause premature seal failure in field service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of the compatibility of automotive gear oils with specific nitrile, polyacrylate, and fluoroelastomer oil seal materials.  
1.2 Users of this test method should obtain Test Methods D412, D471, and D2240 and become familiar with their use before proceeding with this test method.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures the tendency of automotive manual transmission and final drive lubricants to deteriorate under high-temperature conditions, resulting in thick oil, sludge, carbon and varnish deposits, and the formation of corrosive products. This deterioration can lead to serious equipment performance problems, including, in particular, seal failures due to deposit formation at the shaft-seal interface. This test method is used to screen lubricants for problematic additives and base oils with regard to these tendencies.  
5.2 This test method is used or referred to in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560-Lubricant Service Designations for Automotive Manual Transmissions, Manual Transaxles, and Axles,7  
5.2.2 STP-512A–Laboratory Performance Tests for Automotive Gear Lubricants Intended for API GL-5 Service,8  
5.2.3 SAE J308-Information Report on Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants,9 and  
5.2.4 U.S. Military Specification MIL-L-2105D.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-60-1 test.2 It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, and deposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual transmission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-temperature oxidizing conditions.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—The values stated in SI units for catalyst mass loss, oil mass and volume, alternator output, and air flow are to be regarded as standard.  
1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Many modern tractor designs use the hydraulic fluid to lubricate the transmission and final drive gears. This test method is used to assess the suitability of the tractor hydraulic fluids as lubricants for transmission and final drive gears of tractors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to screen lubricants for gear wear. It is primarily applicable to tractor hydraulic fluids but may be suitable for other applications.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 9.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.8  
5.2.2 STP-512A.9  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 Military Specification MIL-PRF-2105E.  
5.2.5 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-37 test.2 This test method covers a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying, wear, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.  
1.2 This test method also provides for the running of the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test. The procedure for the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test is identical to the standard L-37 test with the exceptions of the items specifically listed in Annex A9. The procedure modifications listed in Annex A9 refer to the corresponding section of the standard L-37 test method.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3.1 Exceptions—In Table A12.1, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Also, no SI unit is provided where there is not a direct SI equivalent.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to evaluate automotive manual transmission fluids for thermal instability, which results in deterioration of synchronizer performance.  
5.2 This test method may also be utilized in other specifications and classifications of transmission and gear lubricants such as the following:  
5.2.1 (final API designation of PG-1),  
5.2.2 Military Specification MIL-L-2105,  
5.2.3 SAE Information Report J308 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants, and  
5.2.4 Mack Truck GO-H Gear Lubricant Specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the thermal stability of fluids for use in heavy duty manual transmissions when operated at high temperatures.  
1.2 The lubricant performance is measured by the number of shifting cycles that can be performed without failure of synchronization when the transmission is operated while continuously cycling between high and low range.  
1.3 Correlation of test results with truck transmission service has not been established. However, the procedure has been shown to appropriately separate two transmission lubricants, which have shown satisfactory and unsatisfactory field performance in the trucks of one manufacturer.  
1.4 Changes in this test method may be necessary due to refinements in the procedure, obsolescence of parts, or reagents, and so forth. These changes will be incorporated by Information Letters issued by the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC). The test method will be revised to show the content of all the letters, as issued.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—When materials, products, or equipment are available only in inch-pound units, SI units are omitted.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This test method is arranged as follows:    
Section  
Scope  
1    
Referenced Documents  
2    
Terminology  
3    
Summary of Test Method  
4    
Significance and Use  
5    
Apparatus  
6    
Test Transmission  
6.2    
Transmission Mounts  
6.3    
Oil-Circulating System  
6.4    
Oil Return Hole  
6.5    
Air Pressure Controls  
6.6    
Drive System  
6.7    
Instrumentation  
6.8    
Thermocouple Placement  
6.9  
Reagents and Materials  
7    
Safety  
8    
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
Cleaning of Parts  
9.1  
Assembly  
9.2    
Calibration  
10    
Transmission and Test Stand Calibration  
10.1    
Reference Oils  
10.2    
Reference Oil Test Frequency  
10.3    
Instrumentation Calibration  
10.4  
Shift Time Calibration  
10.5    
Operating Procedure  
11    
System Flush and Charge  
11.1    
Test Operation  
11.2    
Shut-Down Procedure  
11.3    
Transmission Disassembly  
11.4    
Determination of Test Results  
12    
Failure Criteria  
12.1    
Shifter Fork Wear  
12.2  
Test Validity Determination  
12.3    
Report  
13    
Precision and Bias  
14    
Keywords  
15    
Test Validity Calculations and Limits  
Annex A5  
HTCT Test Report Forms and Data Dictionary  
Annex A6  
Manual Transmission Cyclic Durability Test Parts Inspection and Wear Measurements  
Annex A7  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification provides a list of test methods and acceptance criteria for determining the performance acceptability of gear lubricants used in nonsynchronized heavy duty manual transmission (MT-1). The test methods listed here shall be able to examine the following properties of the gear lubricants: viscosity increase; pentane insolubles; toluene insolubles; carbon/varnish rating; sludge rating; hardness and volume change, and elongation of polyacrylate and fluoroelastomer; falling load stage; and foam tendency.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification lists the test methods and acceptance criteria for determining the acceptability of lubricants used in nonsynchronized heavy duty manual transmissions.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Final drive axles are often subjected to severe service where they encounter high speed shock torque conditions, characterized by sudden accelerations and decelerations. This severe service can lead to scoring distress on the ring gear and pinion surface. This test method measures anti-scoring properties of final drive lubricants.  
5.2 This test method is used or referred to in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.7  
5.2.2 SAE J308 and SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the anti-scoring properties of final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-speed and shock conditions. This test method is commonly referred to as the L-42 test.2  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source equipment suppliers.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in specifications and classifications of rear-axle gear lubricants such as:  
5.2.1 Specification D7450.  
5.2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures the tendency of automotive manual transmission and final drive lubricants to deteriorate under high-temperature conditions, resulting in thick oil, sludge, carbon and varnish deposits, and the formation of corrosive products. This deterioration can lead to serious equipment performance problems, including, in particular, seal failures due to deposit formation at the shaft-seal interface. This test method is used to screen lubricants for problematic additives and base oils with regard to these tendencies.  
5.2 This test method is used or referred to in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560-Lubricant Service Designations for Automotive Manual Transmissions, Manual Transaxles, and Axles,7  
5.2.2 STP-512A–Laboratory Performance Tests for Automotive Gear Lubricants Intended for API GL-5 Service,8  
5.2.3 SAE J308-Information Report on Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants,9 and  
5.2.4 U.S. Military Specification MIL-L-2105D.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-60-1 test.2 It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, and deposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual transmission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-temperature oxidizing conditions.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—The values stated in SI units for catalyst mass loss, oil mass and volume, alternator output, and air flow are to be regarded as standard.  
1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in specifications and classifications of rear-axle gear lubricants such as:  
5.2.1 Specification D7450.  
5.2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in specifications and classifications of rear-axle gear lubricants such as:  
5.2.1 Specification D7450.  
5.2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in specifications and classifications of rear-axle gear lubricants such as:  
5.2.1 Specification D7450.  
5.2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures the tendency of automotive manual transmission and final drive lubricants to deteriorate under high-temperature conditions, resulting in thick oil, sludge, carbon and varnish deposits, and the formation of corrosive products. This deterioration can lead to serious equipment performance problems, including, in particular, seal failures due to deposit formation at the shaft-seal interface. This test method is used to screen lubricants for problematic additives and base oils with regard to these tendencies.  
5.2 This test method is used or referred to in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560-Lubricant Service Designations for Automotive Manual Transmissions, Manual Transaxles, and Axles,7  
5.2.2 STP-512A–Laboratory Performance Tests for Automotive Gear Lubricants Intended for API GL-5 Service,8  
5.2.3 SAE J308-Information Report on Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants,9 and  
5.2.4 U.S. Military Specification MIL-L-2105D.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-60-1 test.2 It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, and deposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual transmission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-temperature oxidizing conditions.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—The values stated in SI units for catalyst mass loss, oil mass and volume, alternator output, and air flow are to be regarded as standard.  
1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in specifications and classifications of rear-axle gear lubricants such as:  
5.2.1 Specification D7450.  
5.2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in specifications and classifications of rear-axle gear lubricants such as:  
5.2.1 Specification D7450.  
5.2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There are several major causes of automotive lubricant-related seal failures. This test method addresses only those failures caused by excessive elastomer hardening, elongation loss, and volume swell and attempts to determine the likelihood that an oil might cause premature sealing system failures in field use. This test method may be used as a requirement of a performance specification, such as Specification D5760 and J2360.  
5.2 Another major cause of seal failure is the formation of carbon, varnish, and sludge-like deposits on the seal lip. The deposit-forming characteristics of automotive gear oils are evaluated in Test Method D5704. That procedure is intended in part to evaluate the potential for oils to cause premature seal failure in field service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of the compatibility of automotive gear oils with specific nitrile, polyacrylate, and fluoroelastomer oil seal materials.  
1.2 Users of this test method should obtain Test Methods D412, D471, and D2240 and become familiar with their use before proceeding with this test method.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.8  
5.2.2 STP-512A.9  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 Military Specification MIL-PRF-2105E.  
5.2.5 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-37 test.2 This test method covers a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying, wear, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.  
1.2 This test method also provides for the running of the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test. The procedure for the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test is identical to the standard L-37 test with the exceptions of the items specifically listed in Annex A9. The procedure modifications listed in Annex A9 refer to the corresponding section of the standard L-37 test method.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3.1 Exceptions—In Table A12.1, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Also, no SI unit is provided where there is not a direct SI equivalent.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There are several major causes of automotive lubricant-related seal failures. This test method addresses only those failures caused by excessive elastomer hardening, elongation loss, and volume swell and attempts to determine the likelihood that an oil might cause premature sealing system failures in field use. This test method may be used as a requirement of a performance specification, such as Specification D5760 and J2360.  
5.2 Another major cause of seal failure is the formation of carbon, varnish, and sludge-like deposits on the seal lip. The deposit-forming characteristics of automotive gear oils are evaluated in Test Method D5704. That procedure is intended in part to evaluate the potential for oils to cause premature seal failure in field service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of the compatibility of automotive gear oils with specific nitrile, polyacrylate, and fluoroelastomer oil seal materials.  
1.2 Users of this test method should obtain Test Methods D412, D471, and D2240 and become familiar with their use before proceeding with this test method.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Final drive axles are often subjected to severe service where they encounter high speed shock torque conditions, characterized by sudden accelerations and decelerations. This severe service can lead to scoring distress on the ring gear and pinion surface. This test method measures anti-scoring properties of final drive lubricants.  
5.2 This test method is used or referred to in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.7  
5.2.2 SAE J308 and SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the anti-scoring properties of final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-speed and shock conditions. This test method is commonly referred to as the L-42 test.2  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source equipment suppliers.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in specifications and classifications of rear-axle gear lubricants such as:  
5.2.1 Specification D7450.  
5.2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Final drive axles are often subjected to severe service where they encounter high speed shock torque conditions, characterized by sudden accelerations and decelerations. This severe service can lead to scoring distress on the ring gear and pinion surface. This test method measures anti-scoring properties of final drive lubricants.  
5.2 This test method is used or referred to in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.7  
5.2.2 SAE J308 and SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the anti-scoring properties of final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-speed and shock conditions. This test method is commonly referred to as the L-42 test.2  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source equipment suppliers.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.8  
5.2.2 STP-512A.9  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 Military Specification MIL-PRF-2105E.  
5.2.5 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-37 test.2 This test method covers a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying, wear, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.  
1.2 This test method also provides for the running of the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test. The procedure for the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test is identical to the standard L-37 test with the exceptions of the items specifically listed in Annex A9. The procedure modifications listed in Annex A9 refer to the corresponding section of the standard L-37 test method.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3.1 Exceptions—In Table A12.1, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Also, no SI unit is provided where there is not a direct SI equivalent.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to evaluate automotive manual transmission fluids for thermal instability, which results in deterioration of synchronizer performance.  
5.2 This test method may also be utilized in other specifications and classifications of transmission and gear lubricants such as the following:  
5.2.1 (final API designation of PG-1),  
5.2.2 Military Specification MIL-L-2105,  
5.2.3 SAE Information Report J308 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants, and  
5.2.4 Mack Truck GO-H Gear Lubricant Specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the thermal stability of fluids for use in heavy duty manual transmissions when operated at high temperatures.  
1.2 The lubricant performance is measured by the number of shifting cycles that can be performed without failure of synchronization when the transmission is operated while continuously cycling between high and low range.  
1.3 Correlation of test results with truck transmission service has not been established. However, the procedure has been shown to appropriately separate two transmission lubricants, which have shown satisfactory and unsatisfactory field performance in the trucks of one manufacturer.  
1.4 Changes in this test method may be necessary due to refinements in the procedure, obsolescence of parts, or reagents, and so forth. These changes will be incorporated by Information Letters issued by the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC). The test method will be revised to show the content of all the letters, as issued.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—When materials, products, or equipment are available only in inch-pound units, SI units are omitted.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This test method is arranged as follows:    
Section  
Scope  
1    
Referenced Documents  
2    
Terminology  
3    
Summary of Test Method  
4    
Significance and Use  
5    
Apparatus  
6    
Test Transmission  
6.2    
Transmission Mounts  
6.3    
Oil-Circulating System  
6.4    
Oil Return Hole  
6.5    
Air Pressure Controls  
6.6    
Drive System  
6.7    
Instrumentation  
6.8    
Thermocouple Placement  
6.9  
Reagents and Materials  
7    
Safety  
8    
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
Cleaning of Parts  
9.1  
Assembly  
9.2    
Calibration  
10    
Transmission and Test Stand Calibration  
10.1    
Reference Oils  
10.2    
Reference Oil Test Frequency  
10.3    
Instrumentation Calibration  
10.4  
Shift Time Calibration  
10.5    
Operating Procedure  
11    
System Flush and Charge  
11.1    
Test Operation  
11.2    
Shut-Down Procedure  
11.3    
Transmission Disassembly  
11.4    
Determination of Test Results  
12    
Failure Criteria  
12.1    
Shifter Fork Wear  
12.2  
Test Validity Determination  
12.3    
Report  
13    
Precision and Bias  
14    
Keywords  
15    
Test Validity Calculations and Limits  
Annex A5  
HTCT Test Report Forms and Data Dictionary  
Annex A6  
Manual Transmission Cyclic Durability Test Parts Inspection and Wear Measurements  
Annex A7  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in specifications and classifications of rear-axle gear lubricants such as:  
5.2.1 Specification D7450.  
5.2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as National Pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.
1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are provided in 7.2 and 10.1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There are several major causes of automotive lubricant-related seal failures. This test method addresses only those failures caused by excessive elastomer hardening, elongation loss, and volume swell and attempts to determine the likelihood that an oil might cause premature sealing system failures in field use. This test method may be used as a requirement of a performance specification, such as Specification D5760 and J2360.  
5.2 Another major cause of seal failure is the formation of carbon, varnish, and sludge-like deposits on the seal lip. The deposit-forming characteristics of automotive gear oils are evaluated in Test Method D5704. That procedure is intended in part to evaluate the potential for oils to cause premature seal failure in field service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of the compatibility of automotive gear oils with specific nitrile, polyacrylate, and fluoroelastomer oil seal materials.  
1.2 Users of this test method should obtain Test Methods D412, D471, and D2240 and become familiar with their use before proceeding with this test method.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There are several major causes of automotive lubricant-related seal failures. This test method addresses only those failures caused by excessive elastomer hardening, elongation loss, and volume swell and attempts to determine the likelihood that an oil might cause premature sealing system failures in field use. This test method may be used as a requirement of a performance specification, such as Specification D5760 and J2360.  
5.2 Another major cause of seal failure is the formation of carbon, varnish, and sludge-like deposits on the seal lip. The deposit-forming characteristics of automotive gear oils are evaluated in Test Method D5704. That procedure is intended in part to evaluate the potential for oils to cause premature seal failure in field service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of the compatibility of automotive gear oils with specific nitrile, polyacrylate, and fluoroelastomer oil seal materials.  
1.2 Users of this test method should obtain Test Methods D412, D471, and D2240 and become familiar with their use before proceeding with this test method.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.8  
5.2.2 STP-512A.9  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 Military Specification MIL-PRF-2105E.  
5.2.5 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-37 test.2 This test method covers a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying, wear, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.  
1.2 This test method also provides for the running of the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test. The procedure for the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test is identical to the standard L-37 test with the exceptions of the items specifically listed in Annex A9. The procedure modifications listed in Annex A9 refer to the corresponding section of the standard L-37 test method.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3.1 Exceptions—In Table A12.1, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Also, no SI unit is provided where there is not a direct SI equivalent.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Final drive axles are often subjected to severe service where they encounter high speed shock torque conditions, characterized by sudden accelerations and decelerations. This severe service can lead to scoring distress on the ring gear and pinion surface. This test method measures anti-scoring properties of final drive lubricants.  
5.2 This test method is used or referred to in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.7  
5.2.2 SAE J308 and SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the anti-scoring properties of final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-speed and shock conditions. This test method is commonly referred to as the L-42 test.2  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source equipment suppliers.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures the tendency of automotive manual transmission and final drive lubricants to deteriorate under high-temperature conditions, resulting in thick oil, sludge, carbon and varnish deposits, and the formation of corrosive products. This deterioration can lead to serious equipment performance problems, including, in particular, seal failures due to deposit formation at the shaft-seal interface. This test method is used to screen lubricants for problematic additives and base oils with regard to these tendencies.  
5.2 This test method is used or referred to in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560-Lubricant Service Designations for Automotive Manual Transmissions, Manual Transaxles, and Axles,7  
5.2.2 STP-512A–Laboratory Performance Tests for Automotive Gear Lubricants Intended for API GL-5 Service,8  
5.2.3 SAE J308-Information Report on Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants,9 and  
5.2.4 U.S. Military Specification MIL-L-2105D.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-60-1 test.2 It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, and deposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual transmission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-temperature oxidizing conditions.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—The values stated in SI units for catalyst mass loss, oil mass and volume, alternator output, and air flow are to be regarded as standard.  
1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.8  
5.2.2 STP-512A.9  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 Military Specification MIL-PRF-2105E.  
5.2.5 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-37 test.2 This test method covers a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying, wear, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.  
1.2 This test method also provides for the running of the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test. The procedure for the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test is identical to the standard L-37 test with the exceptions of the items specifically listed in Annex A9. The procedure modifications listed in Annex A9 refer to the corresponding section of the standard L-37 test method.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3.1 Exceptions—In Table A12.1, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Also, no SI unit is provided where there is not a direct SI equivalent.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.8  
5.2.2 STP-512A.9  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 Military Specification MIL-PRF-2105E.  
5.2.5 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-37 test.2 This test method covers a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying, wear, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.  
1.2 This test method also provides for the running of the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test. The procedure for the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test is identical to the standard L-37 test with the exceptions of the items specifically listed in Annex A9. The procedure modifications listed in Annex A9 refer to the corresponding section of the standard L-37 test method.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3.1 Exceptions—In Table A12.1, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Also, no SI unit is provided where there is not a direct SI equivalent.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Final drive axles are often subjected to severe service where they encounter high speed shock torque conditions, characterized by sudden accelerations and decelerations. This severe service can lead to scoring distress on the ring gear and pinion surface. This test method measures anti-scoring properties of final drive lubricants.  
5.2 This test method is used or referred to in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.7  
5.2.2 SAE J308 and SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the anti-scoring properties of final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-speed and shock conditions. This test method is commonly referred to as the L-42 test.2  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source equipment suppliers.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There are several major causes of automotive lubricant-related seal failures. This test method addresses only those failures caused by excessive elastomer hardening, elongation loss, and volume swell and attempts to determine the likelihood that an oil might cause premature sealing system failures in field use. This test method may be used as a requirement of a performance specification, such as Specification D5760 and J2360.  
5.2 Another major cause of seal failure is the formation of carbon, varnish, and sludge-like deposits on the seal lip. The deposit-forming characteristics of automotive gear oils are evaluated in Test Method D5704. That procedure is intended in part to evaluate the potential for oils to cause premature seal failure in field service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of the compatibility of automotive gear oils with specific nitrile, polyacrylate, and fluoroelastomer oil seal materials.  
1.2 Users of this test method should obtain Test Methods D412, D471, and D2240 and become familiar with their use before proceeding with this test method.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures the tendency of automotive manual transmission and final drive lubricants to deteriorate under high-temperature conditions, resulting in thick oil, sludge, carbon and varnish deposits, and the formation of corrosive products. This deterioration can lead to serious equipment performance problems, including, in particular, seal failures due to deposit formation at the shaft-seal interface. This test method is used to screen lubricants for problematic additives and base oils with regard to these tendencies.  
5.2 This test method is used or referred to in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560-Lubricant Service Designations for Automotive Manual Transmissions, Manual Transaxles, and Axles,7  
5.2.2 STP-512A–Laboratory Performance Tests for Automotive Gear Lubricants Intended for API GL-5 Service,8  
5.2.3 SAE J308-Information Report on Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants,9 and  
5.2.4 U.S. Military Specification MIL-L-2105D.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-60-1 test.2 It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, and deposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual transmission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-temperature oxidizing conditions.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—The values stated in SI units for catalyst mass loss, oil mass and volume, alternator output, and air flow are to be regarded as standard.  
1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to evaluate automotive manual transmission fluids for thermal instability, which results in deterioration of synchronizer performance.  
5.2 This test method may also be utilized in other specifications and classifications of transmission and gear lubricants such as the following:  
5.2.1 (final API designation of PG-1),  
5.2.2 Military Specification MIL-L-2105,  
5.2.3 SAE Information Report J308 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants, and  
5.2.4 Mack Truck GO-H Gear Lubricant Specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the thermal stability of fluids for use in heavy duty manual transmissions when operated at high temperatures.  
1.2 The lubricant performance is measured by the number of shifting cycles that can be performed without failure of synchronization when the transmission is operated while continuously cycling between high and low range.  
1.3 Correlation of test results with truck transmission service has not been established. However, the procedure has been shown to appropriately separate two transmission lubricants, which have shown satisfactory and unsatisfactory field performance in the trucks of one manufacturer.  
1.4 Changes in this test method may be necessary due to refinements in the procedure, obsolescence of parts, or reagents, and so forth. These changes will be incorporated by Information Letters issued by the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC).2 The test method will be revised to show the content of all the letters, as issued.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—When materials, products, or equipment are available only in inch-pound units, SI units are omitted.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This test method is arranged as follows:    
Section  
Scope  
1    
Referenced Documents  
2    
Terminology  
3    
Summary of Test Method  
4    
Significance and Use  
5    
Apparatus  
6    
Test Transmission  
6.2    
Transmission Mounts  
6.3    
Oil-Circulating System  
6.4    
Oil Return Hole  
6.5    
Air Pressure Controls  
6.6    
Drive System  
6.7    
Instrumentation  
6.8    
Thermocouple Placement  
6.9  
Reagents and Materials  
7    
Safety  
8    
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
Cleaning of Parts  
9.1  
Assembly  
9.2    
Calibration  
10    
Transmission and Test Stand Calibration  
10.1    
Reference Oils  
10.2    
Reference Oil Test Frequency  
10.3    
Instrumentation Calibration  
10.4  
Shift Time Calibration  
10.5    
Operating Procedure  
11    
System Flush and Charge  
11.1    
Test Operation  
11.2    
Shut-Down Procedure  
11.3    
Transmission Disassembly  
11.4    
Determination of Test Results  
12    
Failure Criteria  
12.1    
Shifter Fork Wear  
12.2  
Test Validity Determination  
12.3    
Report  
13    
Precision and Bias  
14    
Keywords  
15    
Test Validity Calculations and Limits  
Annex A5  
HTCT Test Report Forms and Data Dictionary  
Annex A6  
Manual Transmission Cyclic Durability Test Parts Inspection and Wear Measurements  
Annex A7

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.8  
5.2.2 STP-512A.9  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 Military Specification MIL-PRF-2105E.  
5.2.5 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-37 test.2 This test method covers a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying, wear, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.  
1.2 This test method also provides for the running of the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test. The procedure for the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test is identical to the standard L-37 test with the exceptions of the items specifically listed in Annex A9. The procedure modifications listed in Annex A9 refer to the corresponding section of the standard L-37 test method.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3.1 Exceptions—In Table A12.1, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Also, no SI unit is provided where there is not a direct SI equivalent.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Final drive axles are often subjected to severe service where they encounter high speed shock torque conditions, characterized by sudden accelerations and decelerations. This severe service can lead to scoring distress on the ring gear and pinion surface. This test method measures anti-scoring properties of final drive lubricants.  
5.2 This test method is used or referred to in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.7  
5.2.2 SAE J308 and SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the anti-scoring properties of final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-speed and shock conditions. This test method is commonly referred to as the L-42 test.2  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source equipment suppliers.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures the tendency of automotive manual transmission and final drive lubricants to deteriorate under high-temperature conditions, resulting in thick oil, sludge, carbon and varnish deposits, and the formation of corrosive products. This deterioration can lead to serious equipment performance problems, including, in particular, seal failures due to deposit formation at the shaft-seal interface. This test method is used to screen lubricants for problematic additives and base oils with regard to these tendencies.  
5.2 This test method is used or referred to in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560-Lubricant Service Designations for Automotive Manual Transmissions, Manual Transaxles, and Axles,7  
5.2.2 STP-512A–Laboratory Performance Tests for Automotive Gear Lubricants Intended for API GL-5 Service,8  
5.2.3 SAE J308-Information Report on Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants,9 and  
5.2.4 U.S. Military Specification MIL-L-2105D.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-60-1 test.2 It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, and deposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual transmission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-temperature oxidizing conditions.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—The values stated in SI units for catalyst mass loss, oil mass and volume, alternator output, and air flow are to be regarded as standard.  
1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A3.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to evaluate automotive manual transmission fluids for thermal instability, which results in deterioration of synchronizer performance.  
5.2 This test method may also be utilized in other specifications and classifications of transmission and gear lubricants such as the following:  
5.2.1 (final API designation of PG-1),  
5.2.2 Military Specification MIL-L-2105,  
5.2.3 SAE Information Report J308 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants, and  
5.2.4 Mack Truck GO-H Gear Lubricant Specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the thermal stability of fluids for use in heavy duty manual transmissions when operated at high temperatures.  
1.2 The lubricant performance is measured by the number of shifting cycles that can be performed without failure of synchronization when the transmission is operated while continuously cycling between high and low range.  
1.3 Correlation of test results with truck transmission service has not been established. However, the procedure has been shown to appropriately separate two transmission lubricants, which have shown satisfactory and unsatisfactory field performance in the trucks of one manufacturer.  
1.4 Changes in this test method may be necessary due to refinements in the procedure, obsolescence of parts, or reagents, and so forth. These changes will be incorporated by Information Letters issued by the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC).2 The test method will be revised to show the content of all the letters, as issued.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—When materials, products, or equipment are available only in inch-pound units, SI units are omitted.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This test method is arranged as follows:    
Section  
Scope  
1    
Referenced Documents  
2    
Terminology  
3    
Summary of Test Method  
4    
Significance and Use  
5    
Apparatus  
6    
Test Transmission  
6.2    
Transmission Mounts  
6.3    
Oil-Circulating System  
6.4    
Oil Return Hole  
6.5    
Air Pressure Controls  
6.6    
Drive System  
6.7    
Instrumentation  
6.8    
Thermocouple Placement  
6.9  
Reagents and Materials  
7    
Safety  
8    
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
Cleaning of Parts  
9.1  
Assembly  
9.2    
Calibration  
10    
Transmission and Test Stand Calibration  
10.1    
Reference Oils  
10.2    
Reference Oil Test Frequency  
10.3    
Instrumentation Calibration  
10.4  
Shift Time Calibration  
10.5    
Operating Procedure  
11    
System Flush and Charge  
11.1    
Test Operation  
11.2    
Shut-Down Procedure  
11.3    
Transmission Disassembly  
11.4    
Determination of Test Results  
12    
Failure Criteria  
12.1    
Shifter Fork Wear  
12.2  
Test Validity Determination  
12.3    
Report  
13    
Precision and Bias  
14    
Keywords  
15    
Test Validity Calculations and Limits  
Annex A5  
HTCT Test Report Forms and Data Dictionary  
Annex A6  
Manual Transmission Cyclic Durability Test Parts Inspection and Wear Measurements  
Annex A7

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures the tendency of automotive manual transmission and final drive lubricants to deteriorate under high-temperature conditions, resulting in thick oil, sludge, carbon and varnish deposits, and the formation of corrosive products. This deterioration can lead to serious equipment performance problems, including, in particular, seal failures due to deposit formation at the shaft-seal interface. This test method is used to screen lubricants for problematic additives and base oils with regard to these tendencies.  
5.2 This test method is used or referred to in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560-Lubricant Service Designations for Automotive Manual Transmissions, Manual Transaxles, and Axles,7  
5.2.2 STP-512A–Laboratory Performance Tests for Automotive Gear Lubricants Intended for API GL-5 Service,8  
5.2.3 SAE J308-Information Report on Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants,9 and  
5.2.4 U.S. Military Specification MIL-L-2105D.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-60-1 test.2 It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, and deposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual transmission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-temperature oxidizing conditions.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—The values stated in SI units for catalyst mass loss, oil mass and volume, alternator output, and air flow are to be regarded as standard.  
1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A3.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.8  
5.2.2 STP-512A.9  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 Military Specification MIL-PRF-2105E.  
5.2.5 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-37 test.2 This test method covers a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying, wear, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.  
1.2 This test method also provides for the running of the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test. The procedure for the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test is identical to the standard L-37 test with the exceptions of the items specifically listed in Annex A9. The procedure modifications listed in Annex A9 refer to the corresponding section of the standard L-37 test method.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3.1 Exceptions—In Table A12.1, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Also, no SI unit is provided where there is not a direct SI equivalent.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Final drive axles are often subjected to severe service where they encounter high speed shock torque conditions, characterized by sudden accelerations and decelerations. This severe service can lead to scoring distress on the ring gear and pinion surface. This test method measures anti-scoring properties of final drive lubricants.  
5.2 This test method is used or referred to in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.7  
5.2.2 SAE J308 and SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the anti-scoring properties of final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-speed and shock conditions. This test method is commonly referred to as the L-42 test.2  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, and single source equipment suppliers.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There are several major causes of automotive lubricant-related seal failures. This test method addresses only those failures caused by excessive elastomer hardening, elongation loss, and volume swell and attempts to determine the likelihood that an oil might cause premature sealing system failures in field use. This test method may be used as a requirement of a performance specification, such as Specification D5760 and J2360.  
5.2 Another major cause of seal failure is the formation of carbon, varnish, and sludge-like deposits on the seal lip. The deposit-forming characteristics of automotive gear oils are evaluated in Test Method D5704. That procedure is intended in part to evaluate the potential for oils to cause premature seal failure in field service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of the compatibility of automotive gear oils with specific nitrile, polyacrylate, and fluoroelastomer oil seal materials.  
1.2 Users of this test method should obtain Test Methods D412, D471, and D2240 and become familiar with their use before proceeding with this test method.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
5.2 This test method is used, or referred to, in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.8  
5.2.2 STP-512A.9  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 Military Specification MIL-PRF-2105E.  
5.2.5 SAE J2360.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-37 test.2 This test method covers a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying, wear, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.  
1.2 This test method also provides for the running of the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test. The procedure for the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test is identical to the standard L-37 test with the exceptions of the items specifically listed in Annex A6. The procedure modifications listed in Annex A6 refer to the corresponding section of the standard L-37 test method.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3.1 Exceptions—In Table A9.1, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Also, no SI unit is provided where there is not a direct SI equivalent.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures the tendency of automotive manual transmission and final drive lubricants to deteriorate under high-temperature conditions, resulting in thick oil, sludge, carbon and varnish deposits, and the formation of corrosive products. This deterioration can lead to serious equipment performance problems, including, in particular, seal failures due to deposit formation at the shaft-seal interface. This test method is used to screen lubricants for problematic additives and base oils with regard to these tendencies.  
5.2 This test method is used or referred to in the following documents:  
5.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560-Lubricant Service Designations for Automotive Manual Transmissions, Manual Transaxles, and Axles,7  
5.2.2 STP-512A–Laboratory Performance Tests for Automotive Gear Lubricants Intended for API GL-5 Service,8  
5.2.3 SAE J308-Information Report on Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants,9 and  
5.2.4 U.S. Military Specification MIL-L-2105D.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-60-1 test.2 It covers the oil-thickening, insolubles-formation, and deposit-formation characteristics of automotive manual transmission and final drive axle lubricating oils when subjected to high-temperature oxidizing conditions.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—The values stated in SI units for catalyst mass loss, oil mass and volume, alternator output, and air flow are to be regarded as standard.  
1.2.2 SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 8 and Annex A3.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to evaluate automotive manual transmission fluids for thermal instability, which results in deterioration of synchronizer performance.  
5.2 This test method may also be utilized in other specifications and classifications of transmission and gear lubricants such as the following:  
5.2.1 (final API designation of PG-1),  
5.2.2 Military Specification MIL-L-2105,  
5.2.3 SAE Information Report J308 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants, and  
5.2.4 Mack Truck GO-H Gear Lubricant Specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the thermal stability of fluids for use in heavy duty manual transmissions when operated at high temperatures.  
1.2 The lubricant performance is measured by the number of shifting cycles that can be performed without failure of synchronization when the transmission is operated while continuously cycling between high and low range.  
1.3 Correlation of test results with truck transmission service has not been established. However, the procedure has been shown to appropriately separate two transmission lubricants, which have shown satisfactory and unsatisfactory field performance in the trucks of one manufacturer.  
1.4 Changes in this test method may be necessary due to refinements in the procedure, obsolescence of parts, or reagents, and so forth. These changes will be incorporated by Information Letters issued by the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC).2 The test method will be revised to show the content of all the letters, as issued.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—When materials, products, or equipment are available only in inch-pound units, SI units are omitted.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This test method is arranged as follows:    
Section  
Scope  
1    
Referenced Documents  
2    
Terminology  
3    
Summary of Test Method  
4    
Significance and Use  
5    
Apparatus  
6    
Test Transmission  
6.2    
Transmission Mounts  
6.3    
Oil-Circulating System  
6.4    
Oil Return Hole  
6.5    
Air Pressure Controls  
6.6    
Drive System  
6.7    
Instrumentation  
6.8    
Thermocouple Placement  
6.9  
Reagents and Materials  
7    
Safety  
8    
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
Cleaning of Parts  
9.1  
Assembly  
9.2    
Calibration  
10    
Transmission and Test Stand Calibration  
10.1    
Reference Oils  
10.2    
Reference Oil Test Frequency  
10.3    
Instrumentation Calibration  
10.4  
Shift Time Calibration  
10.5    
Operating Procedure  
11    
System Flush and Charge  
11.1    
Test Operation  
11.2    
Shut-Down Procedure  
11.3    
Transmission Disassembly  
11.4    
Determination of Test Results  
12    
Failure Criteria  
12.1    
Shifter Fork Wear  
12.2  
Test Validity Determination  
12.3    
Report  
13    
Precision and Bias  
14    
Keywords  
15    
Test Validity Calculations and Limits  
Annex A1  
HTCT Test Report Forms and Data Dictionary  
Annex A2  
Manual Transmission Cyclic Durability Test Parts Inspection and Wear Measurements  
Annex A3

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to evaluate automotive manual transmission fluids for thermal instability, which results in deterioration of synchronizer performance.  
5.2 This test method may also be utilized in other specifications and classifications of transmission and gear lubricants such as the following:  
5.2.1 (final API designation of PG-1),  
5.2.2 Military Specification MIL-L-2105,  
5.2.3 SAE Information Report J308 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricants, and  
5.2.4 Mack Truck GO-H Gear Lubricant Specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the thermal stability of fluids for use in heavy duty manual transmissions when operated at high temperatures.  
1.2 The lubricant performance is measured by the number of shifting cycles that can be performed without failure of synchronization when the transmission is operated while continuously cycling between high and low range.  
1.3 Correlation of test results with truck transmission service has not been established. However, the procedure has been shown to appropriately separate two transmission lubricants, which have shown satisfactory and unsatisfactory field performance in the trucks of one manufacturer.  
1.4 Changes in this test method may be necessary due to refinements in the procedure, obsolescence of parts, or reagents, and so forth. These changes will be incorporated by Information Letters issued by the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC).2 The test method will be revised to show the content of all the letters, as issued.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—When materials, products, or equipment are available only in inch-pound units, SI units are omitted.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This test method is arranged as follows:    
Section  
Scope  
1    
Referenced Documents  
2    
Terminology  
3    
Summary of Test Method  
4    
Significance and Use  
5    
Apparatus  
6    
Test Transmission  
6.2    
Transmission Mounts  
6.3    
Oil-Circulating System  
6.4    
Oil Return Hole  
6.5    
Air Pressure Controls  
6.6    
Drive System  
6.7    
Instrumentation  
6.8    
Thermocouple Placement  
6.9  
Reagents and Materials  
7    
Safety  
8    
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
Cleaning of Parts  
9.1  
Assembly  
9.2    
Calibration  
10    
Transmission and Test Stand Calibration  
10.1    
Reference Oils  
10.2    
Reference Oil Test Frequency  
10.3    
Instrumentation Calibration  
10.4  
Shift Time Calibration  
10.5    
Operating Procedure  
11    
System Flush and Charge  
11.1    
Test Operation  
11.2    
Shut-Down Procedure  
11.3    
Transmission Disassembly  
11.4    
Determination of Test Results  
12    
Failure Criteria  
12.1    
Shifter Fork Wear  
12.2  
Test Validity Determination  
12.3    
Report  
13    
Precision and Bias  
14    
Keywords  
15    
Test Validity Calculations and Limits  
Annex A1  
HTCT Test Report Forms and Data Dictionary  
Annex A2  
Manual Transmission Cyclic Durability Test Parts Inspection and Wear Measurements  
Annex A3

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There are several major causes of automotive lubricant-related seal failures. This test method addresses only those failures caused by excessive elastomer hardening, elongation loss, and volume swell and attempts to determine the likelihood that an oil might cause premature sealing system failures in field use. This test method may be used as a requirement of a performance specification, such as Specification D5760 and J2360.  
5.2 Another major cause of seal failure is the formation of carbon, varnish, and sludge-like deposits on the seal lip. The deposit-forming characteristics of automotive gear oils are evaluated in Test Method D5704. That procedure is intended in part to evaluate the potential for oils to cause premature seal failure in field service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the determination of the compatibility of automotive gear oils with specific nitrile, polyacrylate, and fluoroelastomer oil seal materials.  
1.2 Users of this test method should obtain Test Methods D412, D471, and D2240 and become familiar with their use before proceeding with this test method.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.