D02.09.0E - Oxidation of Greases

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method measures the net change in pressure resulting from consumption of oxygen by oxidation and gain in pressure due to formation of volatile oxidation by-products. This test method may be used for quality control to indicate batch-to-batch uniformity. It predicts neither the stability of greases under dynamic service conditions, nor the stability of greases stored in containers for long periods, nor the stability of films of greases on bearings and motor-parts. It should not be used to estimate the relative oxidation resistance of different grease types.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines resistance of lubricating greases to oxidation when stored statically in an oxygen atmosphere in a sealed system at an elevated temperature under conditions of test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—Pressure measurement appears in kPa with psi provided for information only.  
1.2.2 Exception—In Fig. A1.1, A1.1, and Appendix X1, all dimensions are in millimeters, with inches provided in parentheses for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Sections 6 and 7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Oxidation induction time, as determined under the conditions of this test method, can be used as an indication of oxidation stability.3 This test method can be used for research and development, quality control and specification purposes. However, no correlation has been determined between the results of this test method and service performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of oxidation induction time of lubricating greases subjected to oxygen at 3.5 MPa (500 psig) and temperatures between 155 °C and 210 °C.  
1.2 Warning—The original data published in Research Report RR:D02-1314, was not analyzed in accordance the current D2PP. It also used instruments which are no longer manufactured and in a check of currently used instruments, none of the original instruments were still in use. The new precision of this test method is still to be established.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures the net change in pressure resulting from consumption of oxygen by oxidation and gain in pressure due to formation of volatile oxidation by-products. This test method may be used for quality control to indicate batch-to-batch uniformity. It predicts neither the stability of greases stored in containers for long periods, nor the stability of films of greases on bearings and motor parts.  
5.2 Induction period as determined under the conditions of this test method can be used as an indication of oxidation stability. This test method can be used for research and development, quality control, and specification purposes. However, no correlation has been determined between the results of this test method and service performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the oxidation stability of lubricating greases with a dropping point above the test temperature.  
1.2 This test method determines the resistance of lubricating greases to oxidation when stored statically in an oxygen atmosphere in a sealed system at an elevated temperature under conditions of test.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The quantitative determination of antioxidants in new greases measures the amount of the chemical compounds that were added to the base oil as protection against grease oxidation. For in-service oil greases, the voltammetric test method measures the amount of original (individual) antioxidants remaining after grease oxidation have reduced its concentration. Before making final judgment on the remaining useful life of the in-service grease, which might result in the replacement of the grease reservoir, it is advised to perform additional analytical techniques, such as Test Method D942 and D5483, which may be used to measure the remaining oxidative life of the used grease.  
4.1.1 This test method is applicable to mineral oil-based and synthetic oil-based greases, based on all type of applied thickeners. This test method is applicable to greases containing at least one type of antioxidant. The presence of other types of additives like corrosion inhibitors or metal deactivators will not interfere with this test method.  
4.2 When a voltammetric analysis is obtained using a neutral acetone test solution for a grease inhibited with a typical synergistic mixture of hindered phenol and aromatic amine antioxidants, there is an increase in the voltammogram current between 8 s to 12 s (or 0.8 V to 1.2 V applied voltage), see Note 1, for the aromatic amines, and an increase in the voltammogram current of the produced voltammogram between 13 s to 16 s (or 1.3 V to 1.6 V applied voltage), see Note 1, for the hindered phenols. In Fig. 1, x-axis = 1 s = 0.1 V. Hindered phenol antioxidants detected by voltammetric analysis include, but are not limited to, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4- methylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and 4,4’-Methylenebis(2,6-di-tertbutylphenol). Aromatic amine antioxidants detected by voltammetric analysis include, but are not limited to, phenyl alpha naphthylamines, and alkylated diphenylamines.  
4.3 For greases containing only aromatic amines as antioxidants...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the voltammetric determination of antioxidants in new or in-service lubricating greases in concentrations from 0.0075 weight percent up to concentrations found in new greases by measuring the amount of current flow at a specified voltage in the produced voltammogram.  
1.2 This test method is intended to monitor the antioxidant content in lubricating greases; it cannot be applied for lubricating greases that do not contain antioxidants.  
1.3 This test method is designed to allow the user to monitor the antioxidant depletion rate of in-service greases through its life cycle as part of condition monitoring programs. This test method is performed in order to collect and trend early signs of deteriorating lubricant grease, and it may be used as a guide for the direction of any required maintenance activities. This will ensure a safe, reliable, and cost-effective operation of the monitored plant equipment.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method measures the net change in pressure resulting from consumption of oxygen by oxidation and gain in pressure due to formation of volatile oxidation by-products. This test method may be used for quality control to indicate batch-to-batch uniformity. It predicts neither the stability of greases under dynamic service conditions, nor the stability of greases stored in containers for long periods, nor the stability of films of greases on bearings and motor-parts. It should not be used to estimate the relative oxidation resistance of different grease types.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines resistance of lubricating greases to oxidation when stored statically in an oxygen atmosphere in a sealed system at an elevated temperature under conditions of test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—Pressure measurement appears in kPa with psi provided for information only.  
1.2.2 Exception—In Fig. A1.1, A1.1, and Appendix X1, all dimensions are in millimeters, with inches provided in parentheses for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Sections 6 and 7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Oxidation induction time, as determined under the conditions of this test method, can be used as an indication of oxidation stability.3 This test method can be used for research and development, quality control and specification purposes. However, no correlation has been determined between the results of this test method and service performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of oxidation induction time of lubricating greases subjected to oxygen at 3.5 MPa (500 psig) and temperatures between 155 °C and 210 °C.  
1.2 Warning—The original data published in Research Report RR:D02-1314, was not analyzed in accordance the current D2PP. It also used instruments which are no longer manufactured and in a check of currently used instruments, none of the original instruments were still in use. The new precision of this test method is still to be established.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method measures the net change in pressure resulting from consumption of oxygen by oxidation and gain in pressure due to formation of volatile oxidation by-products. This test method may be used for quality control to indicate batch-to-batch uniformity. It predicts neither the stability of greases under dynamic service conditions, nor the stability of greases stored in containers for long periods, nor the stability of films of greases on bearings and motor-parts. It should not be used to estimate the relative oxidation resistance of different grease types.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines resistance of lubricating greases to oxidation when stored statically in an oxygen atmosphere in a sealed system at an elevated temperature under conditions of test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—Pressure measurement appears in kPa with psi provided for information only.  
1.2.2 Exception—In Fig. A1.1, A1.1, and Appendix X1, all dimensions are in millimeters, with inches provided in parentheses for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Sections 6 and 7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Oxidation induction time, as determined under the conditions of this test method, can be used as an indication of oxidation stability.3 This test method can be used for research and development, quality control and specification purposes. However, no correlation has been determined between the results of this test method and service performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of oxidation induction time of lubricating greases subjected to oxygen at 3.5 MPa (500 psig) and temperatures between 155 °C and 210 °C.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method measures the net change in pressure resulting from consumption of oxygen by oxidation and gain in pressure due to formation of volatile oxidation by-products. This test method may be used for quality control to indicate batch-to-batch uniformity. It predicts neither the stability of greases under dynamic service conditions, nor the stability of greases stored in containers for long periods, nor the stability of films of greases on bearings and motor-parts. It should not be used to estimate the relative oxidation resistance of different grease types.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines resistance of lubricating greases to oxidation when stored statically in an oxygen atmosphere in a sealed system at an elevated temperature under conditions of test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—Pressure measurement appears in psi with kPa provided in parentheses for information only.  
1.2.2 Exception—In Fig. A1.1, all dimensions are in inches, with millimetres provided in parentheses for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Sections 6 and 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Oxidation induction time, as determined under the conditions of this test method, can be used as an indication of oxidation stability. This test method can be used for research and development, quality control and specification purposes. However, no correlation has been determined between the results of this test method and service performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of oxidation induction time of lubricating greases subjected to oxygen at 3.5 MPa (500 psig) and temperatures between 155 and 210°C.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method measures the net change in pressure resulting from consumption of oxygen by oxidation and gain in pressure due to formation of volatile oxidation by-products. This test method may be used for quality control to indicate batch-to-batch uniformity. It predicts neither the stability of greases under dynamic service conditions, nor the stability of greases stored in containers for long periods, nor the stability of films of greases on bearings and motor-parts. It should not be used to estimate the relative oxidation resistance of different grease types.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines resistance of lubricating greases to oxidation when stored statically in an oxygen atmosphere in a sealed system at an elevated temperature under conditions of test.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Sections 6 and 7.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Oxidation induction time, as determined under the conditions of this test method, can be used as an indication of oxidation stability.3 This test method can be used for research and development, quality control and specification purposes. However, no correlation has been determined between the results of this test method and service performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of oxidation induction time of lubricating greases subjected to oxygen at 3.5 MPa (500 psig) and temperatures between 155 and 210C.
1.2 The values in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines resistance of lubricating greases to oxidation when stored statically in an oxygen atmosphere in a sealed system at an elevated temperature under conditions of test.  
1.2  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific hazard statements see Sections 6 and 7.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of oxidation induction time of lubricating greases subjected to oxygen at 3.5 MPa (500 psig) and temperatures between 155 and 210°C.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of oxidation induction time of lubricating greases subjected to oxygen at 3.5 MPa (500 psig) and temperatures between 155 and 210°C.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of oxidation induction time of lubricating greases subjected to oxygen at 3.5 MPa (500 psig) and temperatures between 155 and 210°C.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines resistance of lubricating greases to oxidation when stored statically in an oxygen atmosphere in a sealed system at an elevated temperature under conditions of test.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Sections 6 and 7.