C28.91 - Nomenclature and Editorial

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology contains definitions and explanatory notes for the principal words, phrases, and terms used in advanced ceramics technology. The given definitions are technology specific and are directly applicable to the design, production, testing, analysis, characterization, and use of advanced ceramics for structural, electronic, coating, energy, chemical, nuclear, biomedical, and environmental applications.  
1.2 The purpose of the standard terminology is to provide a collected technical resource and reference that promotes a common understanding of the principal technical terms used within the advanced ceramics community and encourages the use of uniform terminology in specifications and reports.  
1.3 Definitions of terms appear in dictionary-definition form and include the term, part of speech (for example, n = noun; v = verb; adj = adjective), definition, and, when applicable, a delimiting phrase. Terms representing physical quantities have analytical dimensions stated immediately following the term (or letter symbol) in fundamental dimension form, using the following ASTM standard symbology for fundamental dimensions, shown within square brackets: [M] for mass, [L] for length, [T] for time, [θ] for thermodynamic temperature, and [nd] for non-dimensional quantities. Use of these symbols is restricted to analytical dimensions when used with square brackets, as the terms may have other definitions when used without the brackets.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology contains definitions and explanatory notes for the principal words, phrases, and terms used in advanced ceramics technology. The given definitions are technology-specific and are directly applicable to the design, production, testing, analysis, characterization, and use of advanced ceramics for structural, electronic, coating, energy, chemical, nuclear, biomedical, and environmental applications.  
1.2 The purpose of the standard terminology is to provide a collected technical resource and reference that promotes a common understanding of the principal technical terms used within the advanced ceramics community and encourages the use of uniform terminology in specifications and reports.

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology contains definitions and explanatory notes for the principal words, phrases, and terms used in advanced ceramics technology. The given definitions are technology-specific and are directly applicable to the design, production, testing, analysis, characterization, and use of advanced ceramics for structural, electronic, coating, energy, chemical, nuclear, biomedical, and environmental applications.  
1.2 The purpose of the standard terminology is to provide a collected technical resource and reference that promotes a common understanding of the principal technical terms used within the advanced ceramics community and encourages the use of uniform terminology in specifications and reports.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers a system by which advanced ceramics may be classified. The system has been devised to cover all types of advanced ceramics in the forms of inorganic precursors for ceramic powder production, powders, granular forms, fibers, whiskers, platelets, single crystals, consolidated polycrystalline ceramics, amorphous (glassy) and composite materials, and components in block and coating forms. The structure of the classification system is coded to be machine readable.  
1.2 The classification system has been developed through an international collaboration under the auspice of the Versailles Advanced Materials and Standards Project (VAMAS) Technical Working Area 14, and with support from the Commission to the European Communities, ASTM Institute of Standards Research, and the Japan Fine Ceramics Association. Its construction was based on the results of an international survey of requirements among manufacturing and user industries, and recommendations provided at an international workshop held at Ispra, Italy, in June 1990.  
1.3 The present range of products that is encompassed by the term advanced ceramics or one of its synonyms is enormous in breadth, and complex in chemistry, form, processing route, and property attributes. Normally, there are close interlinks between these factors. It has therefore been impossible to devise a simple hierarchial scheme, such as that used in IEC 672 for electrotechnical ceramics for insulators. The system developed and incorporated in this classification is novel in many respects to encompass all foreseen requirements and purposes, and all raw and manufactured materials and applications. It has great flexibility and is amenable to computer recognition and programming.  
1.4 System Constraints -It is not the purpose of this classification to specify how the system shall be used. The user is able to define the coding combination and the level of detail to suit a particular purpose. This classification provides only a flexible framework within which this might be done.  
1.4.1 The classification system includes only those ceramic products defined and designated by ceramic manufacturers, trade associations, and professional societies as advanced ceramics (see 3.1.1). On this basis, the classification system does not cover:  
1.4.1.1 Elemental carbon, except for specific ceramic forms such as diamond, vitreous carbon, and chemical vapor deposit (CVD) graphite;  
1.4.1.2 Elemental silicon, elemental germanium, and other elemental or compound semimetallic (intermetallic) substances other than when they form an integral component of, or precursor for, an advanced ceramic;  
1.4.1.3 Traditional ceramics based on clay, including: porcelains; whitewares; sanitary wares; floor and wall tiles;  
1.4.1.4 Unshaped and shaped refractories and bulk glasses for tonnage applications; and  
1.4.1.5 Flat or container glass.  
1.4.2 This classification provides a classification system framework that allows comparison and correlation of collected data/information with that gathered under other classification systems, such as the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code and the international convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System. The SIC is the statistical classification standard underlying all establishment-based U.S. Federal economic statistics classified by industry. The SIC code covers the entire field of economic activities and defines industries in accordance with the composition and structure of the economy. The Harmonized System, an international system designed to standardize commodity classification for all major trading nations, in a relational way is similar to the SIC system.  
1.4.3 Currently, advanced ceramics are not represented as a specific code field in either the SIC or the Harmonized System, but are included in other categories where other material classes dominate and in which the advanced ceramics comprise ...