SIST-TS ISO/TS 19138:2009

TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 19138
First edition
2006-12-01
Geographic information — Data quality
measures
Information géographique — Mesures de la qualité des données

Reference number
©
ISO 2006
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ii © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope .1
2 Conformance.1
3 Normative references .1
4 Terms and definitions .1
5 Relationships to other standards.2
6 Register.3
7 Components of a data quality measure .3
7.1 List of components.3
7.2 Component details.4
7.3 Standardized data quality measures .6
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite.7
A.1 Test case identifier: Component test.7
A.2 Test case identifier: Name test.7
A.3 Test case identifier: Data quality element and subelement test.7
A.4 Test case identifier: Data quality basic measure test.8
A.5 Test case identifier: Definition test.8
A.6 Test case identifier: Description test.8
A.7 Test case identifier: Parameter test.8
A.8 Test case identifier: Data quality value type test .8
A.9 Test case identifier: Source reference test .9
A.10 Test case identifier: Example test.9
Annex B (normative) Structure of data quality measures.10
B.1 Components defining a data quality measure.10
B.2 Mapping of the components to ISO 19115 and ISO 19135 .11
B.3 UML-diagram for data quality measure .11
Annex C (normative) Data quality basic measures .14
C.1 Purpose of data quality basic measures.14
C.2 Counting-related data quality basic measures.14
C.3 Uncertainty-related data quality basic measures.15
Annex D (normative) List of data quality measures .19
D.1 Completeness .19
D.2 Logical consistency .23
D.3 Positional accuracy .37
D.4 Temporal accuracy .58
D.5 Thematic accuracy.61
Bibliography .68

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
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International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a
technical committee may decide to publish other types of normative document:
⎯ an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in
an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members
of the parent committee casting a vote;
⎯ an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical
committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting
a vote.
An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a
further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is
confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an
International Standard or be withdrawn.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TS 19138 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
iv © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Knowledge of the quality of geographic data is often crucial for the application of the data, as different users
and different applications often have different data quality requirements. A user of geographic data may have
multiple datasets from which to choose. Therefore, it is necessary to compare the quality of the datasets to
determine which best fulfils the requirements of the user. To facilitate such comparisons, it is essential that the
results of the quality reports are expressed in a comparable way and that there is a common understanding of
the data quality measures that have been used. These data quality measures provide descriptors of the
quality of geographic data through comparison with the universe of discourse. The use of incompatible
measures makes data quality comparisons impossible to perform.
Data quality needs to be reported by the producer and evaluated by the user against his or her requirements
for different criteria and data quality measures. It is essential that reported quality for a dataset contains the
quality measurements that may be of interest to a potential user of the dataset, and that the metrics used to
determine the quality are reported and available to the user.
ISO 19113 establishes the principles for the description of geographic data quality and specifies components
for reporting quality information. Procedures for the evaluation of geographic data quality are described in
ISO 19114.
The objective of this Technical Specification is to guide the producer in choosing the right data quality
measures for data quality reporting, and the user in the evaluation of the usefulness of a dataset by
standardizing the components and structures of data quality measures and by defining commonly used data
quality measures.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19138:2006(E)

Geographic information — Data quality measures
1 Scope
This Technical Specification defines a set of data quality measures. These can be used when reporting data
quality for the data quality subelements identified in ISO 19113. Multiple measures are defined for each data
quality subelement, and the choice of which to use will depend on the type of data and its intended purpose.
The data quality measures are structured so that they can be maintained in a register established in
conformance with ISO 19135.
This Technical Specification does not attempt to describe every possible data quality measure, only a set of
commonly used ones.
2 Conformance
Any set of data quality measures claiming conformance with this Technical Specification shall pass all of the
conditions specified in the abstract test suite (Annex A).
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/TS 19103:2005, Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
ISO 19113:2002, Geographic information — Quality principles
ISO 19115:2003, Geographic information — Metadata
ISO 19135:2005, Geographic information — Procedures for item registration
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1
correctness
correspondence with the universe of discourse
4.2
data quality basic measure
generic data quality measure used as a basis for the creation of specific data quality measures
NOTE Data quality basic measures are abstract data types. They cannot be used directly when reporting data
quality.
4.3
data quality scope
extent or characteristic(s) of the data for which quality information is reported
[ISO 19113]
NOTE A data quality scope for a dataset can comprise a dataset series to which the dataset belongs, the dataset
itself, or a smaller grouping of data located physically within the dataset sharing common characteristics. Common
characteristics can be an identified feature type, feature attribute, or feature relationship; data collection criteria; original
source; or a specified geographic or temporal extent.
4.4
error
discrepancy with the universe of discourse
4.5
measurand
particular quantity subject to measurement
[International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology (VIM)]
4.6
universe of discourse
view of the real or hypothetical world that includes everything of interest
[ISO 19101]
5 Relationships to other standards
ISO 19113 describes relevant data quality elements and their corresponding data quality subelements and it
indicates how quality should be reported. ISO 19114 describes procedures for the evaluation of quantitative
quality. ISO 19115 cont
...