oSIST prEN 304 627 V1.0.1:2026

Draft ETSI EN 304 627 V1.0.1 (2026-07)

HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
Cyber Security (CYBER);
CRA;
Cybersecurity requirements for routers, modems intended for
the connection to the internet and switches

2 Draft ETSI EN 304 627 V1.0.1 (2026-07)

Reference
DEN/CYBER-EUS-0013
Keywords
CRA, cybersecurity, modem, router, switch
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ETSI
3 Draft ETSI EN 304 627 V1.0.1 (2026-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 8
Foreword. 9
Modal verbs terminology . 9
Introduction . 9
1 Scope . 10
2 References . 11
2.1 Normative references . 11
2.2 Informative references . 12
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 14
3.1 Terms . 14
3.2 Symbols . 15
3.3 Abbreviations . 16
4 Product context . 17
4.1 Introduction. 17
4.2 Product functions . 17
4.2.1 General product functions . 17
4.2.1.1 General . 17
4.2.1.2 [FN-G-01] Configuration and management . 18
4.2.1.3 [FN-G-02] Monitoring and diagnostics . 18
4.2.1.4 [FN-G-03] Access control . 18
4.2.2 Product functions implemented by routers and switches . 18
4.2.2.1 General . 18
4.2.2.2 [FN-RS-01] Topology discovery . 18
4.2.2.3 [FN-RS-02] Handling of network traffic processing rules . 18
4.2.2.4 [FN-RS-03] Traffic access control . 18
4.2.3 Product functions implemented by routers . 18
4.2.3.1 General . 18
4.2.3.2 [FN-R-01] Routing . 18
4.2.3.3 [FN-R-02] WAN connectivity . 18
4.2.4 Product functions implemented by switches . 19
4.2.4.1 General . 19
4.2.4.2 [FN-S-01] Switching . 19
4.2.5 Product functions implemented by modems intended for connection to the internet . 19
4.2.5.1 General . 19
4.2.5.2 [FN-M-01] WAN connectivity . 19
4.2.5.3 [FN-M-02] ISP-side remote management . 19
4.2.6 Additional product capabilities . 19
4.3 Product architecture . 19
4.3.1 Product assets . 19
4.4 Operational environment . 21
4.4.1 General description . 21
4.4.1.1 General . 21
4.4.1.2 Residential deployments . 21
4.4.1.3 Small enterprise deployments . 21
4.4.1.4 Medium enterprise deployments. 21
4.4.1.5 Large enterprise deployments . 22
4.4.1.5.1 General . 22
4.4.1.5.2 Data centre deployments . 23
4.4.1.5.3 Service provider and carrier networks . 23
4.4.2 Physical environment . 23
4.4.3 Logical environment . 23
4.4.4 Connectivity aspects . 23
4.5 Distribution of security functions . 24
4.6 Users . 24
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4 Draft ETSI EN 304 627 V1.0.1 (2026-07)
4.6.1 General . 24
4.6.2 Natural persons . 24
4.6.3 Legal entities . 25
4.6.4 Devices . 25
4.7 Use cases . 25
4.7.1 General . 25
4.7.2 Basic use cases . 25
4.7.2.1 Physical devices for non-professional use . 25
4.7.2.2 Physical devices for professional use . 25
4.7.2.3 Routers and switches provided as virtual network functions . 25
4.7.3 Supplementary use cases . 26
4.7.3.1 Internet-facing enterprise edge devices . 26
4.7.3.2 Devices within critical infrastructure . 26
4.7.3.3 Devices within service provider and carrier network infrastructure . 26
4.7.3.4 Devices serving persons with special protection needs . 26
5 Technical requirements for products . 26
5.1 Introduction - Applicability of the requirements . 26
5.2 Appropriate level of cybersecurity . 26
5.3 No known exploitable vulnerabilities . 27
5.3.1 [KEV-1] No known exploitable vulnerabilities . 27
5.3.1.1 General . 27
5.3.1.2 Requirements . 27
5.4 Secure by default configuration . 27
5.4.1 [DEFAULT-1] Secure by default configuration . 27
5.4.1.1 General . 27
5.4.1.2 Requirements . 27
5.4.2 [RESET-1] Factory reset . 28
5.4.2.1 General . 28
5.4.2.2 Requirements . 28
5.5 Security updates . 29
5.5.1 [UPDATE-1] Update mechanisms . 29
5.5.1.1 General . 29
5.5.1.2 Requirements . 29
5.6 Authentication and access control . 29
5.6.1 [AUTH-1] Authentication . 29
5.6.1.1 General . 29
5.6.1.2 Requirements . 30
5.6.2 [AUTH-2] Authorisation . 30
5.6.2.1 General . 30
5.6.2.2 Requirements . 30
5.6.3 [AUTH-3] Authenticated session lifecycle . 31
5.6.3.1 General . 31
5.6.3.2 Requirements . 31
5.6.4 [AUTH-4] Protocol access control . 31
5.6.4.1 General . 31
5.6.4.2 Requirements . 31
5.7 Confidentiality protection . 32
5.7.1 General . 32
5.7.2 Requirements. 32
5.8 Availability and resilience . 33
5.8.1 General . 33
5.8.2 Requirements. 33
5.9 Attack surface and mitigation . 33
5.9.1 [INTEGRITY-1] System integrity and boot process . 33
5.9.1.1 General . 33
5.9.1.2 Requirements . 34
5.9.2 [PACKET-1] Default packet disposition. 34
5.9.2.1 General . 34
5.9.2.2 Requirements . 34
5.9.3 [EXPOSURE-1] Interface and service exposure minimisation . 35
5.9.3.1 General . 35
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5 Draft ETSI EN 304 627 V1.0.1 (2026-07)
5.9.3.2 Requirements . 35
5.10 Monitoring and logging . 35
5.10.1 General . 35
5.10.2 Requirements. 35
5.11 Data management . 35
5.11.1 [TRANSFER-1] Secure data export and transfer . 35
5.11.1.1 General . 35
5.11.1.2 Requirements . 35
6 Assessment criteria for compliance with technical requirements . 36
6.1 Introduction to the assessment and compliance criteria . 36
6.2 No known exploitable vulnerabilities . 36
6.2.1 [KEV-1] No known exploitable vulnerabilities . 36
6.2.1.1 Requirement assessments . 36
6.3 Secure by default configuration . 39
6.3.1 [DEFAULT-1] Secure by default configuration . 39
6.3.1.1 Requirement assessments . 39
6.3.2 [RESET-1] Factory reset . 52
6.3.2.1 Requirement assessments . 52
6.4 Security updates . 55
6.4.1 [UPDATE-1] Update mechanisms . 55
6.4.1.1 Requirement assessments . 55
6.5 Authentication and access control . 62
6.5.1 [AUTH-1] Authentication . 62
6.5.1.1 Requirement assessments . 62
6.5.2 [AUTH-2] Authorisation . 70
6.5.2.1 Requirement assessments . 70
6.5.3 [AUTH-3] Authenticated session lifecycle . 74
6.5.3.1 Requirement assessments . 74
6.5.4 [AUTH-4] Protocol access control . 80
6.5.4.1 Requirement assessments . 80
6.6 Confidentiality protection . 85
6.6.1 Requirement assessments . 85
6.7 Availability and resilience . 91
6.7.1 Requirement assessments . 91
6.8 Attack surface and mitigation . 96
6.8.1 [INTEGRITY-1] System integrity and boot process . 96
6.8.1.1 Requirement assessments . 96
6.8.2 [PACKET-1] Default packet disposition. 100
6.8.2.1 Requirement assessments . 100
6.8.3 [EXPOSURE-1] Interface and service exposure minimisation . 102
6.8.3.1 Requirement assessments . 102
6.9 Monitoring and logging . 104
6.9.1 Requirement assessments . 104
6.10 Data management . 108
6.10.1 [TRANSFER-1] Secure data export and transfer . 108
6.10.1.1 Requirement assessments . 108
Annex A (informative): Relationship between the present document and the essential
cybersecurity requirements of EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 . 113
Annex B (informative): Security analysis. 116
B.1 General . 116
B.2 Threat landscape . 117
B.2.1 Threats related to vulnerability handling . 117
B.2.2 Threats related to packet processing and availability of services . 118
B.2.3 Threats related to access control and authentication . 120
B.2.4 Threats related to tampering and data processing . 120
B.3 Threat assessment framework . 122
B.3.1 Introduction. 122
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6 Draft ETSI EN 304 627 V1.0.1 (2026-07)
B.3.2 Risk factors . 123
B.3.2.0 Introduction . 123
B.3.2.1 Baseline risk factors . 123
B.3.2.2 Management risk factors . 124
B.3.2.3 Protocol implementation risk factors . 124
B.3.2.4 Data operations risk factors . 125
B.3.3 Threat justification and mitigation . 125
Annexes C to J: Void . 129
Annex K (normative): Generic requirements and assessment criteria for the use of state of
the art cryptography . 130
K.1 General . 130
K.1.0 Introduction. 130
K.1.1 Classification of cryptographic algorithms as CRY-SOTA . 130
K.2 Assessment criteria for compliance with cryptographic requirements . 131
K.2.0 Assessment objective . 131
K.2.1 Assessment preparation . 131
K.2.2 Assessment activities . 131
K.2.3 Assessment evidence . 132
K.2.4 Assessment verdict . 133
K.3 Symmetric atomic primitives . 133
K.3.0 Block ciphers . 133
K.3.1 Stream ciphers . 134
K.3.2 Hash functions . 134
K.4 Symmetric constructions . 134
K.4.0 Confidentiality modes of operation: encryption/decryption modes . 134
K.4.1 Specific confidentiality modes: disk encryption . 134
K.4.2 Integrity modes: message authentication codes . 134
K.4.3 Symmetric entity authentication schemes . 135
K.4.4 Authenticated encryption . 135
K.4.5 Key protection . 135
K.4.6 Key derivation functions . 135
K.4.7 Password protection/password hashing mechanisms . 135
K.4.8 Key combiners . 136
K.5 Asymmetric atomic primitives . 136
K.5.0 RSA/Integer factorization . 136
K.5.1 Discrete logarithm in finite fields . 136
K.5.2 Discrete logarithm in elliptic curves . 136
K.5.3 Learning with errors in (structured) lattices . 136
K.5.4 Hash function preimage resistance . 137
K.5.5 Other intractable problems . 137
K.6 Asymmetric constructions . 137
K.6.0 Asymmetric encryption scheme . 137
K.6.1 Digital signature . 137
K.6.2 Asymmetric entity authentication schemes . 137
K.6.3 Key establishment and key encapsulation . 138
K.7 Cryptographic protocols . 138
K.7.0 QUIC . 138
K.7.1 MACSec . 138
K.7.2 SNMP . 139
K.7.3 Routing protocols . 139
K.7.4 Secure device identity . 139
K.7.5 Time Protocols . 140
K.8 Cryptographic industry standards . 140
K.9 Crypto agility . 141
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7 Draft ETSI EN 304 627 V1.0.1 (2026-07)
K.9.0 Requirement . 141
K.9.1 Assessment of crypto-agility. 141
K.9.1.1 Assessment objective . 141
K.9.1.2 Assessment preparation . 141
K.9.1.3 Assessment activities. 142
K.9.1.4 Assessment evidence . 142
K.9.1.5 Assessment verdict . 142
History . 143

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8 Draft ETSI EN 304 627 V1.0.1 (2026-07)
Intellectual Property Rights
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ETSI
9 Draft ETSI EN 304 627 V1.0.1 (2026-07)
Foreword
This draft Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Cyber Security
(CYBER), and is now submitted for the combined Public Enquiry and Vote phase of the ETSI Standardisation Request
deliverable Approval Procedure (SRdAP).
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2025) 618 final [i.3] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the requirements of Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2024 on horizontal cybersecurity requirements for products with digital
elements and amending Regulations (EU) No 168/2013 and (EU) 2019/1020 and Directive (EU) 2020/1828 (Cyber
Resilience Act) (CRA) [i.1].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Regulation, compliance
with the normative clauses of the present document given in Table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the
present document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding requirements of that Regulation and associated
EFTA regulations.
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 18 months after doa

Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
The present document covers cybersecurity for routers, modems intended for connection to the internet, and switches.
These products are identified in Annex III, Class I, point 12 of Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 [i.1], known as the Cyber
Resi
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