SIST EN 60455-2:2016

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
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Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation - Part 2: Methods of test
(IEC 60455-2:2015)
Composés réactifs à base de résines utilisés comme isolants électriques - Partie 2:
Méthodes d’essai
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60455-2:2015
ICS:
29.035.01 Izolacijski materiali na Insulating materials in
splošno general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60455-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2015
ICS 29.035.01; 17.200.99 Supersedes EN 60455-2:1999
English Version
Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation -
Part 2: Methods of test
(IEC 60455-2:2015)
Composés réactifs à base de résines utilisés comme Reaktionsharzmassen für die Elektroisolierung - Teil 2:
isolants électriques - Partie 2: Méthodes d'essai Prüfverfahren
(IEC 60455-2:2015) (IEC 60455-2:2015)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2015-07-30. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN 60455-2:2015 E
European foreword
The text of document 15/751/FDIS, future edition 3 of IEC 60455-2, prepared by IEC/TC 15 "Solid
electrical insulating materials" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by
CENELEC as EN 60455-2:2015.
The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2016-05-20
• latest date by which the document has to be
implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national (dow) 2018-07-30
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 60455-2:1999.

This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) Introduction of test methods related to IEC 60455-3-8;
b) Additional and updated test methods for resins.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60455-2:2015 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added for the standard indicated :

ISO 2578:1993 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 2578:1998.

Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant

EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here:
www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60050 series International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - series
IEC 60068-2-10 2005 Environmental testing -- Part 2-10: Tests - EN 60068-2-10 2005
Test J and guidance: Mould growth
IEC 60093 1980 Methods of test for volume resistivity and HD 429 S1 1983
surface resistivity of solid electrical
insulating materials
IEC 60112 2003 Method for the determination of the proof EN 60112 2003
and the comparative tracking indices of
solid insulating materials
IEC 60216 series Electrical insulating materials - Thermal EN 60216 series
endurance properties
IEC 60243-1 1998 Electrical strength of insulating materials - EN 60243-1 1998
Test methods -- Part 1: Tests at power
frequencies
IEC 60250 1969 Recommended methods for the - -
determination of the permittivity and
dielectric dissipation factor of electrical
insulating materials at power, audio and
radio frequencies including metre
wavelengths
IEC 60296 2012 Fluids for electrotechnical applications - EN 60296 2012
Unused mineral insulating oils for
transformers and switchgear
IEC 60426 2007 Electrical insulating materials - EN 60426 2007
Determination of electrolytic corrosion
caused by insulating materials - Test
methods
IEC 60455-1 1998 Resin based reactive compounds used for EN 60455-1 1998
electrical insulation -- Part 1: Definitions
and general requirements
IEC 60455-3 series Resin based reactive compounds used for EN 60455-3 series
electrical insulation
IEC 60455-3-8 2013 Resin based reactive compounds used for EN 60455-3-8 2013
electrical insulation -- Part 3: Specifications
for individual materials -- Sheet 8:
Resinous compounds for cable
accessories
IEC 60695-11-10 1999 Fire hazard testing – Part 11-10: Test EN 60695-11-10 1999
flames – 50 W horizontal and vertical flame
test methods
IEC 60814 1997 Insulating liquids - Oil-impregnated paper EN 60814 1997
and pressboard - Determination of water
by automatic coulometric Karl Fischer
titration
IEC 61033 1991 Test methods for the determination of bond EN 61033 2006
strength of impregnating agents to an
enamelled wire substrate
IEC 61099 2010 Insulating liquids - Specifications for EN 61099 2010
unused synthetic organic esters for
electrical purposes
ISO 37 2011 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic- - -
Determination of tensile stress-strain
properties
ISO 62 2008 Plastics- Determination of water absorption EN ISO 62 2008
ISO 75 Series Plastics and ebonite; Determination of EN ISO 75 series
temperature of deflection under load
ISO 175 2010 Plastics- Methods of test for the EN ISO 175 2010
determination of the effects of immersion in
liquid chemicals
ISO 178 2010 Plastics- Determination of flexural EN ISO 178 2010
properties
ISO 179-1 2010 Plastics - Determination of Charpy impact EN ISO 179-1 2010
properties - Part 1: Non-instrumented
impact test
ISO 179-2 1997 Plastics - Determination of Charpy impact EN ISO 179-2 1999
properties -- Part 2: Instrumented impact
test
ISO 291 -  Plastics - Standard atmospheres for EN ISO 291 -
conditioning and testing
ISO 306 2004 Plastics- Thermoplastic materials- EN ISO 306 2004
Determination of Vicat softening
temperature (VST)
ISO 527 series Plastics- Determination of tensile EN ISO 527 series
properties
ISO 584 1982 Plastics - Unsaturated polyester resins - EN ISO 584 1997
Determination of reactivity at 80 degrees C
(conventional method)
ISO 604 2002 Plastics - Determination of compressive EN ISO 604 2003
properties
ISO 868 2003 Plastics and ebonite - Determination of EN ISO 868 2003
indentation hardness by means of a
durometer (Shore hardness)
ISO 1183-1 2012 Plastics- Methods for determining the EN ISO 1183-1 2012
density of non-cellular plastics- Part1:
Immersion method, liquid pyknometer
method and titration method
ISO 1513 2010 Paints and varnishes- Examination and EN ISO 1513 2010
preparation of test samples
ISO 1523 2002 Determination of flash point- Closed cup EN ISO 1523 2002
equilibrium method
ISO 1675 1985 Plastics - Liquid resins - Determination of EN ISO 1675 1998
density by the pyknometer method
ISO 2039-1 1993 Plastics - Determination of hardness -- Part EN ISO 2039-1 1996
1: Ball indentation method
ISO 2114 1996 Plastics- Unsaturated polyester resins - EN ISO 2114 1996
Determination of partial acid value and
total acid value
ISO 2431 1993 Paints and varnishes - Determination of EN ISO 2431 1996
flow time by use of flow cups
ISO 2535 1997 Plastics - Unsaturated polyester resins - EN ISO 2535 1997
Measurement of gel time at 25 degrees C
ISO 2554 1997 Plastics - Unsaturated polyester resins - EN ISO 2554 1998
Determination of hydroxyl value
ISO 2555 1989 Plastics - Resins in the liquid state or as EN ISO 2555 1999
emulsions or dispersions - Determination
of apparent viscosity by the Brookfield test
method
ISO 2592 1973 Petroleum products - Determination of EN 22592 1993
flash and fire points - Cleveland open cup
method
ISO 3001 1997 Plastics - Epoxide compounds - - -
Determination of epoxide equivalent
ISO 3219 1993 Plastics - Polymers/resins in the liquid EN ISO 3219 1994
state or as emulsions or dispersions -
Determination of viscosity using a
rotational viscometer with defined shear
rate
ISO 3451-1 1997 Plastics- Determination of ash- Part1: - -
General methods
ISO 3521 1997 Plastics - Unsaturated polyester and epoxy EN ISO 3521 1999
resins - Determination of overall volume
shrinkage
ISO 3679 1983 Paints, varnishes, petroleum and related - -
products; Determination of flashpoint;
Rapid equilibrium method
ISO 4573 1978 Plastics - Epoxide resins and glycidyl - -
esters - Determination of inorganic chlorine
ISO 4583 1998 Plastics - Epoxide resins and related - -
materials - Determination of easily
saponifiable chlorine
ISO 4615 1979 Plastics - Unsaturated polyesters and EN ISO 4615 1999
epoxide resins - Determination of total
chlorine content
ISO 4625 1980 Binders for paints and varnishes - - -
Determination of softening point - Ring-
and-ball method
ISO 4895 -  Plastics -- Liquid epoxy resins -- - -
Determination of tendency to crystallize
ISO 7056 -  Plastics laboratory ware - Beakers - -
ISO 9396 1997 Plastics - Phenolic resins - Determination EN ISO 9396 2000
of the gel time at a given temperature
using automatic apparatus
ISO 11357-2 1999 Plastics - Differential scanning calorimetry - -
(DSC) - Part 2: Determination of glass
transition temperature
ISO 11359-2 1999 Plastics - Thermomechanical analysis - -
(TMA) - Part 2: Determination of coefficient
of linear thermal expansion and glass
transition temperature
ISO 11359-3 2002 Plastics - Thermomechanical analysis - -
(TMA) - Part 3: Determination of
penetration temperature
ISO 14896 2009 EN ISO 14896 2009
ISO 15528 2000 Paints, varnishes and raw materials for - -
paints and varnishes - Sampling

IEC 60455-2 ®
Edition 3.0 2015-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation –

Part 2: Methods of test
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 17.220.99; 29.035.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-2748-0

– 2 – IEC 60455-2:2015 © IEC 2015
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references. 8
3 Terms and definitions . 11
4 General notes on methods of test . 11
4.1 Preparation and conditioning . 11
4.2 Sequence of tests . 12
4.3 Test report . 12
5 Methods of test for reactive compounds and their components . 12
5.1 Flash point . 12
5.2 Density . 12
5.3 Viscosity . 12
5.4 Viscosity after storing at elevated temperature . 12
5.5 Content of volatile organic components . 13
5.6 Isothermal increase of viscosity (processing time) . 13
5.7 Shelf life . 13
5.8 Colour . 13
5.9 Softening temperature . 14
5.10 Ash content . 14
5.11 Filler content . 14
5.12 Chlorine content . 14
5.12.1 Total chlorine content of unsaturated polyesters and epoxide resins . 14
5.12.2 Inorganic chlorine content of epoxide resins and glycidyl esters . 14
5.12.3 Easily saponifiable chlorine content of epoxide resins and related
materials . 14
5.13 Tendency of cristallisation . 14
5.14 Epoxide equivalent of epoxide resins . 14
5.15 Content of isocyanate . 14
5.16 Water content (Karl Fischer method) . 14
5.17 Hydroxyl value . 15
5.17.1 Polyester resins . 15
5.17.2 Resins other than polyester . 15
5.18 Acid value of polyester resins . 15
5.19 Amount of double bonds of unsaturated polyester and acrylate resins . 15
5.20 Acid and acid-anhydride content of acid-anhydride hardeners . 15
5.21 Amine value . 15
5.22 Pot life . 15
5.22.1 General . 15
5.22.2 Resinous compounds for cable accessories . 15
5.23 Gel time . 16
5.23.1 Unsaturated polyester based compounds . 16
5.23.2 Phenolic resin based compounds . 16
5.23.3 Other compounds . 16
5.24 Exothermic temperature rise . 16
5.24.1 Unsaturated polyester based compounds . 16
5.24.2 Resinous compounds for cable accessories . 16

IEC 60455-2:2015 © IEC 2015 – 3 –
5.24.3 Other compounds . 17
5.25 Total volume shrinkage of epoxide and unsaturated polyester based
compounds . 17
5.26 Curing in presence of water . 17
5.26.1 General . 17
5.26.2 Apparatus and materials. 17
5.26.3 Pouring device . 18
5.26.4 Procedure . 18
5.26.5 Test report . 18
5.27 Determination of the degree of curing . 18
5.28 Curing in thick layer and emissions during curing . 18
5.28.1 General . 18
5.28.2 Equipment . 19
5.28.3 Test specimen . 19
5.28.4 Procedure . 19
6 Methods of test for cured reactive compounds . 20
6.1 General . 20
6.2 Test specimens . 20
6.2.1 General . 20
6.2.2 Preparation of the reactive compound . 20
6.2.3 Preparation of test specimens . 21
6.2.4 Type and number of test specimens . 21
6.3 Density . 21
6.4 Mechanical properties . 21
6.4.1 Tensile properties . 21
6.4.2 Compressive properties . 21
6.4.3 Flexural properties . 22
6.4.4 Impact strength . 22
6.4.5 Hardness . 22
6.5 Thermal properties . 22
6.5.1 Bond strength at elevated temperature . 22
6.5.2 Linear thermal expansion . 22
6.5.3 Thermal conductivity . 22
6.5.4 Glass transition . 23
6.5.5 Flammability . 23
6.5.6 Thermal shock . 23
6.5.7 Dry heat resistance of resins for cable accessories – Method of test . 23
6.5.8 Wet heat resistance of resins for cable accessories . 24
6.5.9 Loss of mass . 26
6.5.10 Temperature index . 27
6.6 Chemical properties . 27
6.6.1 Water absorption . 27
6.6.2 Effect of liquid chemicals . 28
6.6.3 Resistance to mould growth . 28
6.6.4 Water vapour permeability . 28
6.7 Electrical properties . 28
6.7.1 Effect of water immersion on volume resistivity . 28
6.7.2 Dielectric dissipation factor (tan δ) and relative permittivity (ε ) . 29
r
6.7.3 Breakdown voltage and electric strength . 30

– 4 – IEC 60455-2:2015 © IEC 2015
6.7.4 Proof tracking index (PTI) . 31
6.7.5 Electrolytic corrosion . 31
Annex A (informative) Health and safety . 36
Bibliography . 37

Figure 1 – Test apparatus for curing in presence of water test . 32
Figure 2 – Test set-up for volume resistivity . 33
Figure 3 – Example of electrode arrangement for flexible cured compound . 34
Figure 4 – Example of electrode arrangement for rigid cured compound . 35

Table 1 – Condition of the top side . 19
Table 2 – Condition of the bottom side . 19
Table 3 – Condition of the interior . 20

IEC 60455-2:2015 © IEC 2015 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
RESIN BASED REACTIVE COMPOUNDS
USED FOR ELECTRICAL INSULATION –

Part 2: Methods of test
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60455-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 15: Solid
electrical insulating materials.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1998. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) Introduction of test methods related to IEC 60455-3-8;
b) Additional and updated test methods for resins.

– 6 – IEC 60455-2:2015 © IEC 2015
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
15/751/FDIS 15/757/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 60455 series, published under the general title Resin based
reactive compounds used for electrical insulation, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

IEC 60455-2:2015 © IEC 2015 – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
This part of IEC 60455 is one of a series which deals with solvent-free resin based reactive
compounds and their components used for electrical insulation.
The series consists of three parts:
– Part 1: Definitions and general requirements (IEC 60455-1);
– Part 2: Methods of test (IEC 60455-2);
– Part 3: Specifications for individual materials (IEC 60455-3).

– 8 – IEC 60455-2:2015 © IEC 2015
RESIN BASED REACTIVE COMPOUNDS
USED FOR ELECTRICAL INSULATION –

Part 2: Methods of test
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60455 specifies methods of test to be used for testing resin based reactive
compounds, their components and cured compounds used for electrical insulation.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60050 (all parts), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (available at
http://www.electropedia.org)
IEC 60068-2-10:2005, Environmental testing – Part 2-10: Tests – Test J and guidance: Mould
growth
IEC 60093:1980, Methods of test for volume resistivity and surface resistivity of solid
electrical insulating materials
IEC 60112:2003, Method for the determination of the proof and the comparative tracking
indices of solid insulating materials
IEC 60216 (all parts), Electrical insulating materials – Thermal endurance properties
IEC 60243-1:1998, Electrical strength of insulating materials – Test methods – Part 1: Tests
at power frequencies
IEC 60250:1969, Recommended methods for the determination of the permittivity and
dielectric dissipation factor of electrical insulating materials at power, audio and radio
frequencies including metre wavelengths
IEC 60296:2012, Fluids for electrotechnical applications – Unused mineral insulating oils for
transformers and switchgear
IEC 60426:2007, Electrical insulating materials – Determination of electrolytic corrosion
caused by insulating materials – Test methods
IEC 60455-1:1998, Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation – Part 1:
Definitions and general requirements
IEC 60455-3 (all parts), Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation –
Part 3: Specifications for individual materials
IEC 60455-3-8:2013, Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation – Part 3:
Specifications for individual materials – Sheet 8: Resins for cable accessories

IEC 60455-2:2015 © IEC 2015 – 9 –
IEC 60695-11-10:1999, Fire hazard testing – Part 11-10: Test flames – 50 W horizontal and
vertical flame test methods
IEC 60814:1997, Insulating liquids – Oil-impregnated paper and pressboard – Determination
of water by automatic coulometric Karl Fischer titration
IEC 61033:1991, Test methods for the determination of bond strength of impregnating agents
to an enamelled wire substrate
IEC 61099:2010, Insulating liquids – Specifications for unused synthetic organic esters for
electrical purposes
ISO 37:2011, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of tensile stress-strain
properties
ISO 62:2008, Plastics – Determination of water absorption
ISO 75 (all parts), Plastics and ebonite – Determination of temperature of deflection under
load
ISO 175:2010, Plastics – Determination of the effects of liquid chemicals, including water
ISO 178:2010, Plastics – Determination of flexural properties
ISO 179-1:2010, Plastics – Determination of Charpy impact properties – Part 1: Non-
instrumented impact test
ISO 179-2:1997, Plastics – Determination of Charpy impact properties – Part 2: Instrumented
impact test
ISO 291, Plastics – Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 306:2004, Plastics – Thermoplastic materials – Determination of Vicat softening
temperature (VST)
ISO 527 (all parts), Plastics – Determination of tensile properties
ISO 584:1982, Plastics – Unsaturated polyester resins – Determination of reactivity at
80 degrees C (conventional method)
ISO 604:2002, Plastics – Determination of compressive properties
ISO 868:2003, Plastics and ebonite – Determination of indentation hardness by means of a
durometer (Shore hardness)
ISO 1183-1:2012, Plastics – Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics –
Part 1: Immersion method, liquid pyknometer method and titration method
ISO 1513:2010, Paints and varnishes – Examination and preparation of samples for testing
ISO 1523:2002, Paints, varnishes, petroleum and related products – Determination of
flashpoint – Closed cup equilibrium method
ISO 1675:1985, Plastics – Liquid resins – Determination of density by the pyknometer method

– 10 – IEC 60455-2:2015 © IEC 2015
ISO 2039-1:1993, Plastics – Determination of hardness – Part 1: Ball indentation method
ISO 2114:1996, Plastics – Unsaturated polyester resins – Determination of partial acid value
and total acid value
ISO 2431:1993, Paints and varnishes – Determination of flow time by use of flow cups
ISO 2535:1997, Plastics – Unsaturated polyester resins – Measurement of gel time at
25 degrees C
ISO 2554:1997, Plastics – Unsaturated polyester resins – Determination of hydroxyl value
ISO 2555:1989, Plastics – Resins in the liquid state or as emulsions or dispersions –
Determination of apparent viscosity by the Brookfield test method
ISO 2592:1973, Petroleum products – Determination of flash and fire points – Cleveland open
cup method
ISO 3001:1997, Plastics – Epoxide compounds – Determination of epoxide equivalent
ISO 3219:1993, Plastics – Polymers/resins in the liquid state or as emulsions or dispersions –
Determination of viscosity using a rotational viscometer with defined shear rate
ISO 3451-1:1997, Plastics – Determination of ash – Part 1: General methods
ISO 3521:1997, Plastics – Unsaturated polyester and epoxy resins – Determination of overall
volume shrinkage
ISO 3679:1983, Paints, varnishes, petroleum and related products – Determination of
flashpoint – Rapid equilibrium method
ISO 4573:1978, Plastics – Epoxide resins and glycidyl esters – Determination of inorganic
chlorine
ISO 4583:1998, Plastics – Epoxide resins and related materials – Determination of easily
saponifiable chlorine
ISO 4615:1979, Plastics – Unsaturated polyesters and epoxide resins – Determination of total
chlorine content
ISO 4625:1980, Binders for paints and varnishes – Determination of softening point –
Ringand-ball method
ISO 4895, Plastics – Liquid epoxy resins – Determination of tendency to crystallize
ISO 7056, Plastics laboratory ware – Beakers
ISO 9396:1997, Plastics – Phenolic resins – Determination of the gel time at a given
temperature using automatic apparatus
ISO 11357-2:1999; Plastics – Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) – Part 2: Determination
of glass transition temperature
ISO 11359-2:1999, Plastics – Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) – Part 2: Determination of
coefficient of linear thermal expansion and glass transition temperature

IEC 60455-2:2015 © IEC 2015 – 11 –
ISO 11359-3:2002, Plastics – Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) – Part 3: Determination of
penetration temperature
ISO 14896:2009, Plastics – Polyurethane raw materials – Determination of isocyanate content
ISO 15528:2000, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes – Sampling
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60455-1,
IEC 60050, as well as the following apply.
3.1
volume resistance
that part of the insulation resistance which is due to conduction through the volume and
excluding surface current
3.2
volume resistivity
volume resistance reduced to a cubical unit volume
3.3
dielectric dissipation factor
tan δ
numerical value of the ratio of the imaginary to the real part of the complex permittivity
3.4
relative permittivity
ε
r
ratio of the absolute permittivity to the electric constant
Note 1 to entry: In practical engineering, it is usual to employ the term ‘permittivity’ when referring to relative
permittivity.
4 General notes on methods of test
4.1 Preparation and conditioning
Unless otherwise specified in the relevant specification standard or in the method of test, all
tests shall be carried out at atmospheric conditions in a temperature range of between 21 °C
and 29 °C and a relative humidity range of between 45 % and 70 %. Before measurements
are made, the sample or test specimen shall be pre-conditioned under these atmospheric
conditions for a time sufficient to allow the sample or the test specimen to reach stability. For
taking samples in liquid or paste form, ISO 15528 shall be applied. For preparation of such
samples for testing, ISO 1513 shall be applied.
NOTE For definitions of terms for standard atmospheres, see ISO 558. The test atmosphere as specified above
does not comply with any of the two standard atmospheres as specified in ISO 291 but covers both ranges
inclusive of their tolerances.
Normally, all requirements for a method of test are given in the description, and diagrams are
intended only to illustrate one possible arrangement for conducting the test. In case of
inconsistencies between this standard and the specification sheets of the IEC 60455-3 series,
the latter shall prevail. When another standard is invoked for a test method, reference to that
standard shall be included in the report.

– 12 – IEC 60455-2:2015 © IEC 2015
4.2 Sequence of tests
To avoid unnecessary efforts, tests shall be carried out on the samples in the following
sequence:
1) tests on individual components prior to mixing;
2) tests on reactive compound just after mixing (ready to use);
3) tests on cured compound;
4) tests on cured compound after pre treatment (thermal, humidity, water etc.).
If the sample under test fails a test the following tests may become obsolete.
4.3 Test report
If not otherwise specified, the test report shall include the following data:
1) resin designation and identification;
2) lot number or other identification;
3) confirmation of marking and labelling according to the material safety data sheet (MSDS);
4) test results;
5) major test parameters, including conditioning and calibration, if any;
6) processing conditions used to reactive compound;
7) copy of the technical data sheet (TDS) and MSDS.
5 Methods of test for reactive compounds and their components
5.1 Flash point
For flash point temperatures of 79 °C and above, the method given in ISO 2592 shall be used.
For flash point temperatures below 79 °C, the method given in ISO 1523 shall be used with
any of the closed-cup apparatus as described in Annex A of ISO 1523:2002. ISO 1523 shall
be read in conjunction with ISO 3679. Two measurements shall be made on two separate
samples, and the two results of the flash point shall be reported along with reference to the
standards applied.
5.2 Density
The method given in ISO 1675 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results of the density shall be reported.
5.3 Viscosity
The viscosity shall be determined with a suitable device at (23 ± 0,5) °C if not otherwise
specified. If a rotating type of device is used, it shall be in accordance with ISO 2555
(Brookfield type) or with ISO 3219 (a type working at a defined shear rate). If an efflux type of
equipment is used, the method of test and the flow cup shall be in accordance with ISO 2431.
Two measurements shall be made, and the two results of the viscosity shall be reported,
along with reference to the standards applied.
5.4 Viscosity after storing at elevated temperature
This method is not applicable to one-component systems or components containing hardener.
If not otherwise specified, a sample of sufficient amount is stored for (20 ± 0,5) h at a
temperature of (100 ± 3) °C in a sealed container. After cooling down to room temperature the

IEC 60455-2:2015 © IEC 2015 – 13 –
viscosity is measured according to 5.3. The increase of viscosity is calculated using the
following equation:
Increase of viscosity in % = (η – η ) × 100 / η
2 1 1
where
η = dynamic viscosity before storing
η = dynamic viscosity after storing
5.5 Content of volatile organic components
This method is not applicable to one-component systems or components containing hardener.
If not otherwise specified, the test shall be carried out in the following way:
The mass of an empty weighing bottle (about 80 mm × 30 mm), is taken to 0,001 g (m ). A
mass of 0,4 g to 0,5 g resin (m ) is weighed to 0,001 g into the weighing bottle (well closed
during weighing). Some drops of toluene are added to dilute the resin. The liquid is spread on
the floor of the weighing bottle with a slight twist.
The open weighing bottle is placed into an oven with forced air circulation for at least 2 h at
(110 ± 2) °C. After cooling down to room temperature in a desiccator the weighing bottle is
weighed again to 0,001 g (m ).
Volatile organic components = 100 × (m – (m – m )) / m .
2 3 1 2
5.6 Isothermal increase of viscosity (processing time)
This method is designed for PUR and EP resins. For UP resins gel time shall be used. If not
otherwise specified, the test shall be carried out in the following way:
All components and equipment shall be at room temperature. The components of the resin are
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