oSIST prEN 12195-1:2008
(Main)Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles - Safety - Part 1: Calculation of securing forces
Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles - Safety - Part 1: Calculation of securing forces
This Part of prEN 12195 specifies acceleration coefficients for surface transport. It also gives methods of calculation of lashing forces acting on goods on load carriers, lorries, trailers and swap bodies, either on road, on vessels or by rail and/or combinations thereof for different types of load and different types of lashing. It excludes the hump shunting during railway transport (web lashings see EN 12195-2, lashing chains see EN 12195-3, wire lashing ropes see prEN 12195-4).
The lashing forces to be chosen for calculation in this EN 12195-1 are static forces produced by tensioning of lashings and dynamic forces, which act on the lashing as a reaction of the load movements.
Instructions for the application of calculations are also specified.
Ladungssicherungseinrichtungen auf Straßenfahrzeugen - Sicherheit - Teil 1: Berechnung von Sicherungskräften
Dieser Teil von EN 12195 bezieht sich auf die Auslegung der verschiedenen Sicherungsverfahren (Blockieren, Zurren und deren Kombinationen) zur Ladungssicherung für den Land- und Seetransport durch Straßenfahrzeuge oder Teilen davon (LKW, Anhänger, Container und Wechselbehälter), einschließlich ihres Transportes auf Schiffen oder auf der Schiene und/oder einer Kombination dieser Verkehrsarten. Der Ablaufrangierbetrieb ist ausgeschlossen (Zurrgurte siehe EN 12195-2, Zurrketten siehe EN 12195 3, Zurrdrahtseile siehe EN 12195-4).
Diese Norm gilt nicht für Fahrzeuge mit einem Gesamtgewicht von weniger als 3,5 t.
ANMERKUNG Leichtere Fahrzeuge können über Bremssysteme verfügen, die zu höheren Beschleunigungswerten auf der Straße führen.
Für die Bemessung der Ladungssicherung wird zwischen stabilen und kippgefährdeten Ladungen unterschieden.
Außerdem werden die Beschleunigungsbeiwerte für den Land- und Seetransport festgelegt.
Beim Niederzurren wird der Kraftverlust der Spannkraft im Zurrmittel an den Außenkanten zwischen Ladung und Zurrmittel berücksichtigt. Die für die Berechnung in dieser EN 12195-1 gewählten Sicherungskräfte sind statische Kräfte, die durch das Spannen der Zurrmittel entstehen, sowie dynamische Kräfte, die auf das Zurrmittel als Rückwirkung der Ladungsbewegungen wirken.
Beispiele für die Anwendung der Berechnungen sind in den Anhängen angegeben.
Dispositifs d'arrimage des charges à bord des véhicules routiers - Sécurité - Partie 1: Calcul des forces de retenue
La présente partie de l’EN 12195 concerne la conception des méthodes d’immobilisation (blocage, arrimage et combinaisons) pour l’immobilisation des charges dans le cadre du transport de surface par véhicules routiers ou parties de ces derniers (camions, remorques, conteneurs, carrosseries mobiles), que ce soit sur route, à bord de navires ou par chemin de fer et/ou avec des combinaisons de ces divers modes de transport. Elle ne traite pas de la manœuvre par gravité lors du transport ferroviaire (sangles d'arrimage, voir EN 12195 2, chaînes d'arrimage, voir EN 12195-3, câbles d'arrimage en acier, voir EN 12195-4).
La présente norme ne s’applique pas aux véhicules d’un poids total inférieur à 3,5 t.
NOTE Les véhicules plus légers peuvent avoir des systèmes de freinage qui fournissent des valeurs d’accélération plus élevées sur route.
Pour le dimensionnement de l’immobilisation de la charge, une distinction est faite entre les charges stationnaires et les charges susceptibles d’inclinaison.
Par ailleurs, les coefficients d’accélération pour le transport de surface sont spécifiés.
Pour l’arrimage par le dessus, la diminution de la tension de l’arrimage au niveau des bords extérieurs entre la charge et l’arrimage est prise en considération. Les forces d'arrimage de retenue à choisir pour effectuer les calculs selon la présente norme EN 12195-1 sont les forces statiques générées par le blocage ou la tension des dispositifs d’arrimages et les forces dynamiques, qui agissent sur les arrimages en réaction aux mouvements des charges.
Des exemples pour l’application de ces calculs sont donnés dans les Annexes.
Naprave za varovanje tovora na cestnih vozilih - Varnost - 1. del: Izračun sil za zavarovanje tovora
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2008
1DSUDYH]DYDURYDQMHWRYRUDQDFHVWQLKYR]LOLK9DUQRVWGHO ,]UDþXQVLO]D
]DYDURYDQMHWRYRUD
Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles - Safety - Part 1: Calculation of securing
forces
Ladungssicherungseinrichtungen auf Straßenfahrzeugen - Sicherheit - Teil 1:
Berechnung von Sicherungskräften
Dispositifs d'arrimage des charges à bord des véhicules routiers - Sécurité - Partie 1:
Calcul des forces de retenue
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 12195-1
ICS:
53.080
55.180.99
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
January 2008
ICS 55.180.99; 53.080 Will supersede EN 12195-1:2003
English Version
Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles - Safety - Part 1:
Calculation of securing forces
Dispositifs d'arrimage des charges à bord des véhicules Ladungssicherungseinrichtungen auf Straßenfahrzeugen -
routiers - Sécurité - Partie 1: Calcul des forces de retenue Sicherheit - Teil 1: Berechnung von Sicherungskräften
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 168.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 12195-1:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents
page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbreviations.5
3.1 General terms and definitions.5
3.2 Definition of calculation parameters.6
3.3 Symbols, units and terms .8
4 Acceleration coefficients .9
4.1 General.9
4.2 Load on load carriers during road transport .9
4.3 Load on load carriers during rail transport.10
4.4 Load on load carriers during sea transport .10
5 Methods of calculation.11
5.1 General.11
5.2 Stability of unsecured load.11
5.3 Blocking.12
5.4 Frictional lashing .13
5.4.1 General.13
5.4.2 Avoiding sliding.14
5.4.3 Avoiding tilting.16
5.5 Direct lashing .18
5.5.1 General.18
5.5.2 Slope lashing in longitudinal or transverse direction.19
5.5.3 Diagonal lashing .20
5.5.4 Loop lashing.25
6 Parameters .26
6.1 Friction factor.26
6.2 Transmission of force during frictional lashing.26
7 Cargo securing testing.26
8 Instruction for use .27
8.1 Marking .27
Annex A (informative) Examples for the calculation of lashing forces .28
Annex B (informative) Estimated friction factors of some usual goods µµ .49
µµ
Annex C (informative) Load securing docket.51
Annex D (informative) Practical inclination test for determination of the efficiency of cargo securing
arrangements .53
Annex E (informative) Documentation of practical tests .56
Annex F (informative) Equations for loop and spring lashing .57
F.1 Loop Lashing .57
F.1.1 Loop lashing to prevent sliding .57
F.1.2 Loop lashing to prevent tilting for one or several cargo rows .58
F.1.3 Spring lashing.60
Foreword
This document (prEN 12195-1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 168 “Chains, ropes,
webbing, slings and accessories - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 12195-1:2003.
EN 12195 consists of the following parts under the general title “Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles –
Safety”:
Part 1: Calculation of securing forces
Part 2: Web lashing made from man-made fibres
Part 3: Lashing chains
Part 4: Lashing steel wire ropes
Annex A to Annex F are informative.
Introduction
This Part of EN 12195 has been prepared to provide one means of conforming with the essential safety require-
ments to calculate securing forces for load restraint assemblies to be used in the Common European Market and
thus enabling the free movement of goods.
This Part of EN 12195 contributes to the harmonization of the calculation of load securing on road vehicles by de-
fining the different procedures and equations of load securing.
Blocking and lashing procedures and appropriate combinations are described for load securing. The equations
used are based on relevant scientific and, in particular, on mechanical laws and practical experience. For this pur-
pose, a suitable vehicle with appropriate assemblies for blocking, bracing and securing is to be used to ensure safe
load transportation. Transportation safety should be guaranteed by the dimensioning of load securing according to
this Standard. The extent to which the hazards acting on the load during transport and resulting from the forces of
load are addressed is given in the scope of this standard. In addition, load restraint assemblies for securing of
loads on vehicles with respect to their securing and load bearing ability, which are not covered by this standard,
should conform to the other parts of this standard and to EN ISO 12100 Part 2.
1 Scope
This Part of EN 12195 refers to the design of securing methods (blocking, lashing, and combinations) for securing
of loads for surface transport by road vehicles or parts of them (lorries, trailers, containers and swap bodies), in-
cluding their transport on vessels or by rail and/or combinations thereof. Hump shunting during railway transport is
excluded. (Web lashings see EN 12195-2, lashing chains see EN 12195-3, lashing steel wire ropes see EN
12195-4).
This standard does not apply for vehicles with a total weight lower than 3,5 t.
Note: Lighter vehicles may have braking systems, which give higher values of acceleration on the road.
For dimensioning of load securing a distinction is made between steady loads and loads liable to tilting.
Furthermore, the acceleration coefficients for surface transport are specified.
For over top lashing the force loss in the tension force of the lashing at the outer edges between load and lashing is
taken into account. The securing forces to be chosen for calculation in this EN 12195-1 are static forces produced
by blocking or tensioning of lashings and dynamic forces, which act on the lashing as a reaction of the load move-
ments.
Examples for the application of calculations are given in the Annexes.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references,
only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
EN ISO 12100-2, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 2: Technical princi-
ples
EN 12195-2:2000, Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles — Safety — Part 2: Web lashing made from man-
made fibres
EN 12195-3, Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles — Safety — Part 3: Lashing chains
EN 12195-4, Load restraint assemblies on road vehicles — Safety — Part 4: Lashing steel wire ropes
EN 12640, Securing of cargo on road vehicles — Lashing points on commercial vehicles for goods transportation -
Minimum requirements and testing
EN 12642:2006, Securing of cargo on road vehicles — Body structure of commercial vehicles — Minimum re-
quirements
EN 1492-1, Textile slings — Safety — Part 1: Flat woven webbing slings, made of man-made fibres, for general
purpose use
EN 1492-2, Textile slings — Safety — Part 2: Roundslings, made of man-made fibres, for general purpose use
3 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbreviations
For the purposes of this draft European Standard, the following terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbreviations
apply.
3.1 General terms and definitions
3.1.1
load restraint assembly
systems and devices for the securing of loads
[EN 12195-2:2000]
3.1.2
lashing
securing method where bendable devices are used in the securing of the load on a load carrier
3.1.3
tensioning device
mechanical device inducing and maintaining a tensile force in a load restraint assembly (e. g. ratchets, winches,
ov
...
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