SIST EN ISO 14555:2025

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2025
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 14555:2018
Varjenje - Obločno varjenje čepov iz kovinskih materialov (ISO 14555:2025)
Welding - Arc stud welding of metallic materials (ISO 14555:2025)
Schweißen - Lichtbogenbolzenschweißen von metallischen Werkstoffen (ISO
14555:2025)
Soudage - Soudage à l'arc des goujons sur les matériaux métalliques (ISO 14555:2025)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 14555:2025
ICS:
21.060.10 Sorniki, vijaki, stebelni vijaki Bolts, screws, studs
25.160.10 Varilni postopki in varjenje Welding processes
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 14555
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2025
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 25.160.10 Supersedes EN ISO 14555:2017
English Version
Welding - Arc stud welding of metallic materials (ISO
14555:2025)
Soudage - Soudage à l'arc des goujons sur les Schweißen - Lichtbogenbolzenschweißen von
matériaux métalliques (ISO 14555:2025) metallischen Werkstoffen (ISO 14555:2025)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 August 2025.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 14555:2025 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 14555:2025) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 "Welding
and allied processes" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding and allied
processes” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2026, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2026.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 14555:2017.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 14555:2025 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14555:2025 without any modification.

International
Standard
ISO 14555
Fifth edition
Welding — Arc stud welding of
2025-07
metallic materials
Soudage — Soudage à l'arc des goujons sur les matériaux
métalliques
Reference number
ISO 14555:2025(en) © ISO 2025
ISO 14555:2025(en)
© ISO 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 14555:2025(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 3
4.1 Symbols .3
4.2 Abbreviated terms .4
5 Technical review . 4
6 Welding personnel . 5
6.1 Stud-welding operators .5
6.2 Welding coordination .5
7 Equipment . 6
7.1 Production equipment .6
7.2 Description of the equipment .6
7.3 Maintenance .6
8 Production planning . 7
9 Welding procedure specification (WPS) . 7
9.1 General .7
9.2 Information related to the manufacturer .7
9.2.1 Identification of the manufacturer .7
9.2.2 Identification of the WPS .7
9.2.3 Reference to the welding procedure qualification record (WPQR) or other
relevant documents .7
9.3 Information related to the parent material .7
9.3.1 Parent material type .7
9.3.2 Dimensions .7
9.4 Welding process .8
9.5 Joint .8
9.5.1 Joint design .8
9.5.2 Welding position .8
9.5.3 Preparation of parent material surface .8
9.5.4 Jigs and fixtures .8
9.5.5 Support .8
9.6 Studs .8
9.6.1 Designation .8
9.6.2 Handling .8
9.7 Auxiliary materials .8
9.7.1 Ceramic ferrules (if any) .8
9.7.2 Protective gas (if any) .8
9.8 Power source .9
9.9 Movable fixtures .9
9.9.1 Welding gun/lift mechanism.9
9.9.2 Shielding gas system (if used) .9
9.9.3 Stud feeding system (if any) .9
9.10 Welding variables .9
9.11 Thermal conditions .9
9.12 Post-weld heat-treatment .10
9.13 Non-thermal treatment after welding .10
10 Welding procedure qualification . 10
10.1 Principles .10

iii
ISO 14555:2025(en)
10.2 Qualification by welding procedure tests .10
10.2.1 Application .10
10.2.2 Proof of conformity of parent materials and stud materials .10
10.2.3 Shape and dimensions of test pieces .10
10.2.4 Welding .11
10.2.5 Scope of examination and testing .11
10.2.6 Acceptance criteria .11
10.2.7 Re-testing . 13
10.2.8 Range of qualification . 13
10.2.9 Qualification by pre-production tests for stud welding on site (for through-deck
stud welding) .14
10.3 Qualification based on previous experience . 15
10.4 Welding procedure qualification record (WPQR) . 15
11 Examination and testing .15
11.1 General . 15
11.2 Visual examination . 15
11.3 Bend testing .16
11.4 Tensile testing .19
11.5 Macro examination .21
11.6 Radiographic examination .21
11.7 Ring test .21
12 Acceptance criteria .22
12.1 General . 22
12.2 Acceptance criteria for visual examination . 22
12.3 Acceptance criteria for bend testing . 22
12.4 Acceptance criteria for tensile testing . 22
12.5 Acceptance criteria for macro examination . 23
12.6 Acceptance criteria for radiographic examination . 23
12.7 Acceptance criteria for ring tests . 23
12.8 Acceptance criteria for additional tests . 23
13 Workmanship .23
14 Process control .24
14.1 General .24
14.2 Production test .24
14.2.1 General .24
14.2.2 Production test for arc stud welding and use of weld pool protection .24
14.2.3 Production test for arc stud welding without weld pool protection .24
14.3 Simplified production test . 25
14.4 Re-testing for production test or simplified production test . 25
14.5 Production surveillance . 25
14.5.1 Visual examination . 25
14.5.2 Checking the welding parameters . 25
14.5.3 Other examinations and tests . 25
14.5.4 Production surveillance for arc stud welding with ceramic ferrule with
qualification according to 10.2.9 . 25
14.6 Production surveillance record . 26
14.7 Non-conformance and corrective actions . 26
14.8 Calibration of the measuring and testing equipment . 26
Annex A (normative) Quality requirements for stud welding .27
Annex B (informative) Working range .28
Annex C (informative) Manufacturer’s welding procedure specification (WPS) .29
Annex D (informative) Test results — Production test .34
Annex E (informative) Example of production surveillance record .37
Bibliography .38

iv
ISO 14555:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee
SC 10, Quality management in the field of welding, in collaboration with the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 121, Welding and allied processes, in accordance with
the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 14555:2017), of which has been technical
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— normative references and bibliography have been updated;
— Clause 3 terms and definitions revised;
— reorganization and revision of Clause 9;
— Tables 1 to 3 regarding examination and testing merged in one table;
— Clause 11 revised;
— informative Annex A deleted;
— informative Annexes D and E merged into a single Annex D;
— informative Annexes F and G merged into a single Annex E.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s
national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at
www.iso.org/members.html. Official interpretations of ISO/TC 44 documents, where they exist, are
available from this page: https://committee.iso.org/sites/tc44/home/interpretation.html.

v
ISO 14555:2025(en)
Introduction
The purpose of arc stud welding is to weld predominantly pin-shaped metal parts to metal workpieces. In
this document, arc stud welding is referred to simply as stud welding. Among applications, stud welding
is used in bridge building (especially in composite structures), steel structures, shipbuilding, facade-wall
fabrication, vehicle manufacture, apparatus engineering, steam-boiler construction, and the manufacture of
household appliances.
The quality of a stud weld depends not only on strict conformance with the welding procedure specification
but also on the correct function of the actuating mechanism (e.g. welding guns), and on the condition of the
components, of the accessories and of the power supply.
This document does not invalidate former specifications, providing the technical requirements are
equivalent and satisfied.
vi
International Standard ISO 14555:2025(en)
Welding — Arc stud welding of metallic materials
1 Scope
This document applies to arc stud welding of metallic materials subject to static and fatigue loading. This
document specifies requirements that are particular to stud welding, in relation to welding knowledge,
quality requirements, welding procedure specification, welding procedure qualification, qualification
testing of operators and testing of production welds.
This document is applicable where it is necessary to demonstrate the capability of a manufacturer to produce
welded construction of a specified quality.
NOTE General quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials are given in ISO 3834-1, ISO 3834-2,
ISO 3834-3, ISO 3834-4 and ISO 3834-5.
This document has been prepared in a comprehensive manner, with a view to it being used as a reference in
contracts. The requirements contained within it can be adopted in full, or partially, if certain requirements
are not relevant to a particular construction (see Annex A). For the working range of stud welding, see
Annex B.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3834-1, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 1: Criteria for the selection of
the appropriate level of quality requirements
ISO 3834-2, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 2: Comprehensive quality
requirements
ISO 3834-3, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 3: Standard quality
requirements
ISO 3834-4, Quality requirements for fusion welding of metallic materials — Part 4: Elementary quality
requirements
ISO 4063, Welding, brazing, soldering and cutting — Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers
ISO 6947, Welding and allied processes — Welding positions
ISO 9606-1, Qualification testing of welders — Fusion welding — Part 1: Steels
ISO 9606-2, Qualification test of welders — Fusion welding — Part 2: Aluminium and aluminium alloys
ISO 14175, Welding consumables — Gases and gas mixtures for fusion welding and allied processes
ISO 14731, Welding coordination — Tasks and responsibilities
ISO 14732, Welding personnel — Qualification testing of welding operators and weld setters for mechanized and
automatic welding of metallic materials
ISO 15607, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — General rules
ISO/TR 15608, Welding — Guidelines for a metallic materials grouping system

ISO 14555:2025(en)
ISO 15611, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Qualification based
on previous welding experience
ISO 15613, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Qualification based
on pre-production welding test
ISO 17636 (all parts), Non-destructive testing of welds — Radiographic testing
ISO/TR 25901-3, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 3: Welding processes
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 3834-1, ISO 4063, ISO 14731,
ISO 14732, ISO 15607 and ISO/TR 25901-3 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
stud
fastener to be attached by stud welding
3.2
auxiliary material
ceramic ferrules and shielding gases
3.3
stud-welding operator
operating personnel for stud-welding equipment
Note 1 to entry: In special cases (e.g. mass production at the manufacturer’s factory), the welding can be carried out by
suitable auxiliary personnel, appropriately trained and supervised.
3.4
stud diameter
d
stud (3.1) nominal diameter
Note 1 to entry: See ISO 13918.
Note 2 to entry: For non-round studs, the cross-section can be converted to an equivalent diameter.
3.5
welding diameter
d
w
diameter of the stud at the base before welding
Note 1 to entry: For non-round studs, the cross-section can be converted to an equivalent diameter.
3.6
weld zone
joining zone in the area of the nominal stud cross-section
3.7
current intensity
I
root-mean-square (RMS) value of the welding current in the steady state during the burning time of the arc
Note 1 to entry: Current intensity is not applicable to capacitor discharge.

ISO 14555:2025(en)
3.8
welding time
t
w
time difference between the ignition and the final extinction of the main arc
3.9
lift
L
distance between the stud tip and the work piece surface with the stud-lifting mechanism in position and
activated
Note 1 to entry: For tip ignition, this definition applies to the ignition gap.
3.10
plunge
axial movement of the stud (3.1) into the workpiece-side melt, measured from the top of the workpiece
before the start of the welding process, i.e. plunge equals axial travel of the piston at the end of the welding
process minus lift
3.11
protrusion
P
distance between the tip of the stud (3.1) and the face of the support
device before contact with the work piece
Note 1 to entry: A spring-loaded lifting mechanism is an unregulated lifting mechanism.
3.12
arc blow
magnetic deflection of the arc from the axial direction of the stud (3.1)
3.13
fatigue loading
set of typical load events described by the positions or movements of loads, their variation in intensity and
their frequency and sequence of occurrence
3.14
through-deck stud-welding
application where shear connectors are welded to a steel structure through thin steel sheet with a thickness
of less than 3 mm
3.15
weld pool protection
use of either ceramic ferrules or shielding gas to protect the weld pool from the atmosphere
3.16
wetted welding
used of wetting agents to improve the visual appearance of the weld
3.17
magnetic equipment
magnetic device by using an external magnetic field to influence the motion of the arc
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
4.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply.

ISO 14555:2025(en)
C capacitance (expressed in mF)
d stud diameter (expressed in mm)
d welding diameter (expressed in mm)
w
h length of the threaded part of the nut
I current intensity (expressed in A)
L lift
P protrusion
t thickness of plate
t welding time (expressed in ms or s)
w
T torque (expressed in Nm)
U charging voltage (expressed in V)
E charging energy (expressed in Ws)
α bending angle (expressed in °)
4.2 Abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviated terms apply.
CF ceramic ferrule
HAZ heat-affected zone
NP no protection
PA flat welding position
PC horizontal welding position
PE overhead welding position
pWPS preliminary welding procedure specification
SG shielding gas
WPS welding procedure specification
WPQR welding procedure qualification record
5 Technical review
When a technical review is required by an application standard, by specification or by use of ISO 3834-2,
ISO 3834-3 or ISO 3834-4, the manufacturer shall check, as appropriate, the following aspects:
a) the accessibility and welding position of the stud weld;
b) the nature of the surface and the collar shape of the welded joint;
c) materials and combinations of materials including decking material where the through-deck technique
is being proposed;
ISO 14555:2025(en)
d) the ratio of stud diameter to parent material thickness (avoidance of damage on the reverse side of the
parent material);
e) dimensions and details of the weld preparation and of the finished weld, including the nature of the stud
and parent-metal surfaces, positional and angular accuracy and the length tolerance of the welded stud;
f) the use of special techniques to avoid damage to the reverse side of the parent material;
g) techniques to assure the angular position of the welded stud.
NOTE Consideration is paid to the multi-axial stress state arising from localized heating/cooling. This stress
concentration reduces the fatigue strength of a component with welded studs.
6 Welding personnel
6.1 Stud-welding operators
Operators shall be qualified in accordance with ISO 14732 and can be qualified on the basis of a production test.
This involves welding at least 10 studs and performing at least the following tests:
— visual examination (all studs) with acceptance criteria according to 12.2;
— bend test (five studs) with acceptance criteria according to 12.3;
The bend test may be replaced by another examination or test according to Clause 11 (with acceptance
criteria according to Clause 12) depending on the application.
Qualification can also be achieved by a welding procedure test (see 10.2) and shall include testing in
accordance with the acceptance criteria specified in Clause 12, if relevant.
Stud-welding operators shall have appropriate knowledge to operate the equipment, to adjust it properly, to
carry out the welding correctly and, while doing so, to pay attention to good contact and suitable connection
between the work piece cables and uniform distribution of ferromagnetic materials.
The qualified operator shall be deemed to be qualified for any stud-welding equipment with the same
mode of selecting the parameters which was used in the qualification test. Change in the kind of weld pool
protection (ceramic ferrule CF, shielding gas SG, no protection (NP) requires a new qualification. However, a
qualification carried out without weld pool protection covers the use of shielding gas.
A test of job knowledge is required for all qualification methods. This test shall cover, as a minimum:
a) setting up the welding equipment in accordance with the welding procedure specification;
b) basic knowledge of the way in which suitable connection of work piece cables, of surface contamination,
and arc blowing can influence the weld result;
c) basic assessment of the welded joint for imperfections;
d) safe execution of the welding operations, i.e. good contact of the stud in the stud holder, no movement
during the welding process, operation checking and correct positioning of the welding gun).
6.2 Welding coordination
Welding coordination shall be performed in accordance with ISO 14731. Refer to Annex A for quality level
according to ISO 3834-2, ISO 3834-3 and ISO 3834-4 for the welding coordinator.
Welding coordination personnel for stud welding shall have knowledge of and experience in the relevant
stud-welding process, and shall be able to select and set the correct parameters, e.g. lift, protrusion (plunge),
current intensity, and welding time.
External monitoring personnel shall have knowledge of and experience in the relevant stud welding process.

ISO 14555:2025(en)
A welding coordinator is not required for stud welding to structures subjected to unspecified static loading
(see Annex A).
7 Equipment
7.1 Production equipment
Suitable stud-welding equipment shall be used, with power supplies of sufficient capacity to weld the stud
properly to the parent material when the equipment is correctly set up. The following equipment shall be
available, as required:
a) power sources, control unit and movable fixtures;
b) cables with sufficient cross-section, solid connection terminals and sufficient earth connection;
c) handling equipment for the technical aspects of welding fabrication (jigs, fixtures);
d) weld data monitoring equipment;
e) cleaning facilities for contact points and welding points;
f) measuring and testing equipment;
g) equipment for pre- and post-treatment;
h) equipment for repair.
7.2 Description of the equipment
A list of the stud-welding equipment shall be maintained, which shall document performance and stud-
welding application field. It shall include:
a) details of the smallest and largest weldable stud diameter;
b) the maximum number of studs to be welded per unit of time;
c) the regulating range of the power supply;
d) the mode of operation and performance of mechanized or automatic stud-welding equipment;
e) details of the available test equipment.
7.3 Maintenance
The correct functioning of the equipment shall be ensured. During production, a function check of the
actuation mechanisms shall be performed at fixed intervals. Cables, terminals, stud and ceramic ferrule
holders shall be regularly checked and replaced at the appropriate time. For mass production and
comprehensive quality requirements in accordance with ISO 3834-2, a maintenance plan for additional
essential systems shall be drawn up. Examples of such systems are:
a) stud sorting and feeding systems;
b) stud and ceramic ferrule holders;
c) mechanical guides and fixtures;
d) measuring equipment;
e) cables, hoses, connecting elements;
f) a monitoring system.
...