Information and documentation -- Management of the environmental conditions for archive and library collections

This document provides information on recent discussions and changes in recommendations and guidance on environmental management within the cultural heritage field. Conservation research on preventive methodologies and passive control provided by specific construction methods and renovations, developments in technology for controlling the environment, and energy and climate change issues are included.
This document is intended for archives and libraries and other institutions with large volumes of collections that are based on paper. Archives and libraries also have collections that include film, magnetic media, leather, and other organic, inorganic or composite materials. These institutions have a unique challenge of extending the lifespan of these materials for access and use in the present and for future generations. The environment plays a key role in extending the lifespan of all of these materials.
This document is intended for use in preservation planning and ongoing environmental management of permanent storage conditions for archives and library collections and applies to all collections being permanently stored for an institution.

Information et documentation -- Gestion des conditions environnementales pour les documents d'archive et de bibliothèque

Le présent document fournit des informations sur les récentes réflexions et les récentes modifications apportées aux recommandations et aux règles de management environnemental dans le domaine du patrimoine culturel. Sont également abordées, la recherche sur les méthodes préventives et le contrôle passif du climat assuré par des dispositifs de construction et des rénovations spécifiques, les évolutions des technologies de contrôle des conditions environnementales et les questions relatives à l'énergie et au changement climatique.
Le présent document est destiné aux archives et aux bibliothèques ainsi qu'à d'autres institutions possédant d'importantes collections à base de papier. Les archives et les bibliothèques possèdent également des collections comprenant des films, des supports magnétiques, du cuir et d'autres matériaux organiques, inorganiques ou composites. L'unique enjeu pour ces institutions est de prolonger la durée de vie de ces documents afin que les générations actuelles et futures puissent y accéder et les utiliser. L'environnement joue un rôle essentiel dans le prolongement de la durée de vie de l'ensemble de ces documents.
Le présent document est destiné à être utilisé dans le cadre de la mise en place de plans de conservation préventive et de la gestion en continu des conditions environnementales pour la conservation pérenne des documents d'archives et de bibliothèques et s'applique à l'ensemble des collections conservées de manière permanente par une institution.

Informatika in dokumentacija - Upravljanje okoljskih pogojev za zbirke arhivov in knjižnic

Ta dokument podaja informacije o nedavnih razpravah in spremembah glede priporočil ter smernic, povezanih z upravljanjem okolja na področju kulturne dediščine. Vključene so raziskave o preventivnih metodologijah in pasivnem nadzoru, povezanim s shranjevanjem, ki jih zagotavljajo določene metode izdelave in prenove, razvoj tehnologije za nadzor okolja ter težave, povezane z energijo in podnebnimi spremembami.
Ta dokument je namenjen arhivom in knjižnicam ter drugim ustanovam, ki imajo obsežne zbirke na osnovi papirja. Arhivi in knjižnice imajo tudi zbirke, ki vključujejo filme, magnetne medije, usnje ter druge organske, anorganske ali kompozitne materiale. Edinstven izziv teh ustanov je podaljšanje življenjske dobe teh materialov za namen dostopa in uporabe sedanjih in/ali prihodnjih generacij. Na podaljšanje življenjske dobe vseh teh materialov pomembno vpliva okolje.
Ta dokument je namenjen za načrtovanje shranjevanja ter neprekinjeno upravljanje okoljskih pogojev stalnega shranjevanja za zbirke arhivov in knjižnic ter se uporablja za vse zbirke, ki jih trajno shranjuje določena ustanova.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
04-Sep-2018
Current Stage
6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
Start Date
30-Jul-2018
Due Date
04-Oct-2018
Completion Date
05-Sep-2018

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2018
Informatika in dokumentacija - Upravljanje okoljskih pogojev za zbirke arhivov in
knjižnic
Information and documentation -- Management of the environmental conditions for
archive and library collections
Information et documentation -- Gestion des conditions environnementales pour les
documents d'archive et de bibliothèque
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO/TR 19815:2018
ICS:
01.140.20 Informacijske vede Information sciences
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 19815
First edition
2018-07
Information and documentation —
Management of the environmental
conditions for archive and library
collections
Information et documentation — Gestion des conditions
environnementales pour les documents d'archive et de bibliothèque
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General . 6
5 Management of environment for optimization of preservation and sustainability .8
6 Temperature .10
7 Relative humidity .11
8 Climate and its consequences for collections .13
8.1 General .13
8.2 Seasonal climates .15
9 Insects and other pests .15
10 Pollution .15
11 Light .16
12 Setting a temperature and relative humidity specification .18
13 Psychrometrics .22
14 Good practices for sustainability.27
14.1 General .27
14.2 Arnamagnaean Institute archive, Copenhagen, Denmark .28
14.3 Territorial archives, St Martin, West Indies .28
14.4 Japanese Imperial Archives, Tokyo .28
14.5 Jersey Archive, Jersey, Channel Islands .28
14.6 Norwegian National Library, Mo i Rana .29
14.7 Central State Archive of Saxony, Dresden, Germany .29
14.8 National Library of Singapore .29
14.9 Archives départmentales du Nord, Lille, France .29
14.10 School library, Gando, Burkina Faso .29
15 Educational and assessment tools .29
15.1 General .29
15.1.1 Overview .29
15.1.2 Isoperm .30
15.1.3 Preservation index (PI) and time weighted preservation index (TWPI) .30
15.2 Environmental management tools and assessments.31
15.2.1 General.31
15.2.2 Fundamental microclimate concepts .31
15.2.3 Air exchange between an enclosure and its surroundings .31
15.2.4 Calculator for atmospheric moisture .32
15.2.5 Calculator for energy use in museums .32
15.2.6 Calculator for conservation heating .32
15.2.7 Calculator for dehumidification energy load .32
Annex A (informative) Energy economy .33
Annex B (informative) Impact of temperature .38
Annex C (informative) Impact of relative humidity .40
Annex D (informative) Material damage associated with temperature and relative humidity .43
Annex E (informative) Sources of pollutants and their impact on materials significant to
archive or library collections .46
Annex F (informative) Interactions between temperature, RH, light and pollution .50
Bibliography .51
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation,
Subcommittee SC 10, Requirements for document storage and conditions for preservation.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
Introduction
[46]
This document covers much of the same ground as BSI/PAS 198 . The main difference is that BSI/
PAS 198 was designed to be applied in British conditions with a temperate climate. Challenges vary in
different climatic zones. Nevertheless, there are principles that are generally applicable.
No one set of conditions is appropriate for all collections in all circumstances because environmental
specifications are tailored to the needs of a specific collection, the resources of the institution and
the context within which it operates, and the local climate. This document sets out a framework for
decision making relating to appropriate environmental conditions for cultural collections in the
specific climatic zones.
Since archives, libraries and cultural institutions are guardians of the collective memory, their aim is
to preserve material in the long term. They also have a duty to do so in a manner that minimizes the
impact on the world's resources and climate. Climate change will affect cultural institutions as much
as any other institution, if not more, and the use of energy, particularly from non-renewable sources,
should be minimized. Wherever possible, passive (non-energy consuming) solutions are preferred, and
buildings should be designed with this aim in mind.
First, the extent and composition of the collections, their significance, their current condition, the w
...


TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 19815
First edition
2018-07
Information and documentation —
Management of the environmental
conditions for archive and library
collections
Information et documentation — Gestion des conditions
environnementales pour les documents d'archive et de bibliothèque
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General . 6
5 Management of environment for optimization of preservation and sustainability .8
6 Temperature .10
7 Relative humidity .11
8 Climate and its consequences for collections .13
8.1 General .13
8.2 Seasonal climates .15
9 Insects and other pests .15
10 Pollution .15
11 Light .16
12 Setting a temperature and relative humidity specification .18
13 Psychrometrics .22
14 Good practices for sustainability.27
14.1 General .27
14.2 Arnamagnaean Institute archive, Copenhagen, Denmark .28
14.3 Territorial archives, St Martin, West Indies .28
14.4 Japanese Imperial Archives, Tokyo .28
14.5 Jersey Archive, Jersey, Channel Islands .28
14.6 Norwegian National Library, Mo i Rana .29
14.7 Central State Archive of Saxony, Dresden, Germany .29
14.8 National Library of Singapore .29
14.9 Archives départmentales du Nord, Lille, France .29
14.10 School library, Gando, Burkina Faso .29
15 Educational and assessment tools .29
15.1 General .29
15.1.1 Overview .29
15.1.2 Isoperm .30
15.1.3 Preservation index (PI) and time weighted preservation index (TWPI) .30
15.2 Environmental management tools and assessments.31
15.2.1 General.31
15.2.2 Fundamental microclimate concepts .31
15.2.3 Air exchange between an enclosure and its surroundings .31
15.2.4 Calculator for atmospheric moisture .32
15.2.5 Calculator for energy use in museums .32
15.2.6 Calculator for conservation heating .32
15.2.7 Calculator for dehumidification energy load .32
Annex A (informative) Energy economy .33
Annex B (informative) Impact of temperature .38
Annex C (informative) Impact of relative humidity .40
Annex D (informative) Material damage associated with temperature and relative humidity .43
Annex E (informative) Sources of pollutants and their impact on materials significant to
archive or library collections .46
Annex F (informative) Interactions between temperature, RH, light and pollution .50
Bibliography .51
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation,
Subcommittee SC 10, Requirements for document storage and conditions for preservation.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
Introduction
[46]
This document covers much of the same ground as BSI/PAS 198 . The main difference is that BSI/
PAS 198 was designed to be applied in British conditions with a temperate climate. Challenges vary in
different climatic zones. Nevertheless, there are principles that are generally applicable.
No one set of conditions is appropriate for all collections in all circumstances because environmental
specifications are tailored to the needs of a specific collection, the resources of the institution and
the context within which it operates, and the local climate. This document sets out a framework for
decision making relating to appropriate environmental conditions for cultural collections in the
specific climatic zones.
Since archives, libraries and cultural institutions are guardians of the collective memory, their aim is
to preserve material in the long term. They also have a duty to do so in a manner that minimizes the
impact on the world's resources and climate. Climate change will affect cultural institutions as much
as any other institution, if not more, and the use of energy, particularly from non-renewable sources,
should be minimized. Wherever possible, passive (non-energy consuming) solutions are preferred, and
buildings should be designed with this aim in mind.
First, the extent and composition of the collections, their significance, their current condition, the ways
in which they are used, and the desired lifetime should be taken into account. For example, archive and
library collections are likely to contain (in addition to bound and unbound paper and parchment and
other organic materials, such as Xuan paper and silk, black and white and colour photographic prints
and negatives) gramophone records, tapes and films, and, increasingly, diverse electronic media. In
addition, the collections can contain all manner of artefacts in various materials. While many of these
materials have similar environmental sensitivities, some have specific requirements that need to be
taken into account.
The environment in which the collections are stored, used or displayed, and the resulting risks to them
should also be understood. On the basis of the information gathered about the collections, regarding
the nature and condition of the collections, it is possible to assess the vulnerability to factors such as
...


RAPPORT ISO/TR
TECHNIQUE 19815
Première édition
2018-06
Information et documentation —
Gestion des conditions
environnementales pour les
documents d'archive et de
bibliothèque
Information and documentation — Management of the
environmental conditions for archive and library collections
Numéro de référence
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2018
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou sur un intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Une autorisation peut
être demandée à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Genève
Tél.: +41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Web: www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
ii
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .v
Introduction . vi
1 Domaine d'application .1
2 Références normatives .1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Généralités . 7
5 Gestion de l'environnement pour optimiser la conservation et la durabilité .8
6 Température .11
7 Humidité relative .13
8 Le climat et ses conséquences pour les collections .15
8.1 Généralités . 15
8.2 Climats saisonniers . 16
9 Insectes et autres nuisibles .17
10 Pollution .17
11 Lumière .19
12 Établissement d'une spécification de température et d'humidité relative .20
13 Psychrométrie .26
14 Bonnes pratiques de développement durable .32
14.1 Généralités . 32
14.2 Archives de l'Arnamagnaean Institute, Copenhague, Danemark . 32
14.3 Archives territoriales, Saint-Martin, Antilles. 32
14.4 Archives impériales japonaises, Tokyo . 32
14.5 Archives de Jersey, Jersey, Îles anglo-normandes . 33
14.6 Bibliothèque nationale de Norvège, Mo i Rana . 33
14.7 Archives centrales de Saxe, Dresde, Allemagne . 33
14.8 Bibliothèque nationale de Singapour . 33
14.9 Archives départementales du Nord, Lille, France . 33
14.10 Bibliothèque scolaire, Gando, Burkina Faso . 33
15 Outils pédagogiques et d'évaluation .34
15.1 Généralités .34
15.1.1 Vue d'ensemble.34
15.1.2 Isoperme .34
15.1.3 Indice de conservation (IC) et indice de conservation pondéré dans le
temps (ICPT) . 35
15.2 Outils et évaluations de gestion de l’environnement .36
15.2.1 Généralités .36
15.2.2 Concepts fondamentaux d'un microclimat .36
15.2.3 Échange d'air entre une enceinte et son environnement .36
15.2.4 Calculatrice d'humidité atmosphérique .36
15.2.5 Calculatrice de consommation d'énergie dans les musées . 37
15.2.6 Calculatrice de chauffage pour la conservation . 37
15.2.7 Calculatrice de charge énergétique pour la déshumidification . 37
Annexe A (informative) Économie d'énergie .38
Annexe B (informative) Impact de la température . 44
Annexe C (informative) Impact de l'humidité relative .46
iii
Annexe D (informative) Dommages causés aux matériaux par la température et l'humidité
relative . .49
Annexe E (informative) Sources de polluants et leur impact sur les matériaux importants
pour les collections d'archives ou de bibliothèques .53
Annexe F (informative) Interactions entre la température, l'humidité relative, la lumière
et la pollution .57
Bibliographie .58
iv
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux.
L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document
a été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2
(voir www.iso.org/directives).
L'attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l'élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l'Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l'ISO (voir www.iso.org/brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l'ISO liés à l'évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion
de l'ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles
techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant: www.iso.org/iso/fr/avant-propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 46, Information et documentation,
sous-comité SC 10, Exigences pour le stockage et la conservation des documents.
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes
se trouve à l’adresse www.iso.org/fr/members.html.
v
Introduction
[46]
Le présent document couvre en grande partie le même domaine que la BSI/PAS 198 . La principale
différence est que la BSI/PAS 198 a été conçue pour s'appliquer au climat tempéré britannique. Les
enjeux varient selon les zones climatiques, mais certains principes peuvent être généralisés.
Aucune condition ne saurait convenir à toutes les collections et en toutes circonstances, car les
spécifications environnementales sont adaptées aux besoins d'une collection particulière, aux
ressources de l'institution et au contexte dans lequel elle opère, et au climat local. Le présent document
établit un cadre pour la prise de décision concernant les conditions environnementales appropriées
pour les collections patrimoniales dans des zones climatiques spécifiques.
Les archives, les bibliothèques et les institutions patrimoniales étant les gardiens de la mémoire
collective, leur mission est de conserver durablement les collections dont elles ont la charge. Elles ont
également le devoir de le faire de manière à ce que l'impact sur les ressources mondiales et le climat soit
le plus faible possible. Le changement climatique touchera les institutions patrimoniales autant, sinon
plus, que toute autre institution, et il convient de limiter la consommation d'énergie, en particulier
celle provenant de sources non renouvelables. Dans la mesure du possible, des solutions passives (non
consommatrices d'énergie) sont préférées et il convient que les bâtiments soient conçus dans cette
optique.
En premier lieu, il convient de tenir compte de l'étendue et de la nature des collections, de leur intérêt
patrimonial, de leur état de conservation, de l
...

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