SIST EN 301 068-2 V1.1.3:2003
(Main)Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN); Digital Subscriber Signalling System No. two (DSS2) protocol; Connection characteristics; ATM transfer capability and traffic parameter indication; Part 2: Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma specification
General Information
- Abstract
This EN will provide the PICS for DEN/SPS-05081-1
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Nov-2003
- Withdrawal Date
- 30-Sep-2003
- Current Stage
- 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
- Start Date
- 01-Dec-2003
- Due Date
- 01-Dec-2003
- Completion Date
- 01-Dec-2003
Overview
SIST EN 301 068-2 V1.1.3:2003 is a European Standard developed by SIST, aligned with EN 301 068-2 from ETSI. This document specifies the Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma for the Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN), particularly focusing on the Digital Subscriber Signalling System No. two (DSS2) protocol and its support for connection characteristics, ATM transfer capability, and traffic parameter indication. The standard provides a formal framework for vendors and implementers to declare conformance to protocol requirements as outlined in EN 301 068-1, supporting structured and repeatable evaluation of B-ISDN DSS2 protocol implementations.
Key Topics
Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS):
- The PICS proforma enables clear, standardized reporting of which protocol options and features are implemented in a specific B-ISDN system.
- It covers both user and network roles, ensuring comprehensive conformance assessment.
B-ISDN and DSS2 Protocol:
- Focus on the Digital Subscriber Signalling System No. two (DSS2), used at the user-network interface for B-ISDN.
- Supports connection characteristics including ATM transfer capability and traffic parameter indication for broadband services.
Assessment of Connection Characteristics:
- Highlights the support for critical ATM transfer capabilities (such as CBR, VBR, ABR, ABT) and related traffic parameters in broadband environments.
Conformance Methodology:
- Based on established frameworks like ISO/IEC 9646-7, ensuring recognized, international-level conformance processes.
- Ensures results are repeatable and comparable across different implementations and vendors.
Applications
Telecommunication Equipment Certification:
- Enables equipment manufacturers to provide a standardized statement of protocol conformance, which is essential for regulatory approval and market access.
Interoperability Testing:
- Forms a foundation for testing interoperability between diverse B-ISDN equipment and across different network providers, reducing risks of deployment issues.
Vendor Selection and Procurement:
- Network operators and integrators use the PICS proforma to compare and select equipment that meets required B-ISDN DSS2 protocol capabilities.
Network Deployment:
- Ensures critical network elements conform to standardized ATM transfer and traffic parameter handling, supporting reliable broadband service delivery.
Compliance Auditing:
- Provides auditable documentation of which protocol options and features have been implemented, supporting transparency and accountability in large projects.
Related Standards
- EN 301 068-1:
- Protocol specification for B-ISDN DSS2, forming the technical basis for the PICS proforma.
- EN 300 443-1:
- B-ISDN User-Network Interface Layer 3 specification for basic call and bearer control.
- EN 300 771-1:
- B-ISDN Layer 3 specification for point-to-multipoint call/bearer control.
- ISO/IEC 9646-1 & ISO/IEC 9646-7:
- Methodologies for protocol conformance testing and implementation conformance statements.
- ETSI ETS 300406:
- Standardization methodology for protocol and profile conformance testing.
- ITU-T Recommendations Q.2931, Q.2961.1-4, Q.2961.6, I.371:
- Foundational documents for DSS2 protocol, ATM transfer capability, and traffic parameter signaling.
By adhering to SIST EN 301 068-2 V1.1.3:2003, vendors and network operators can ensure their implementations of B-ISDN DSS2 with ATM capabilities are standardized, interoperable, and fit for modern broadband network requirements. This standard is an essential tool for conformance assessment in the evolving broadband communications landscape.
Get Certified
Connect with accredited certification bodies for this standard
ANCE
Mexican certification and testing association.
Intertek Slovenia
Intertek testing, inspection, and certification services in Slovenia.
LNE (Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais)
French national laboratory for metrology and testing.
Sponsored listings
Frequently Asked Questions
SIST EN 301 068-2 V1.1.3:2003 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN); Digital Subscriber Signalling System No. two (DSS2) protocol; Connection characteristics; ATM transfer capability and traffic parameter indication; Part 2: Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma specification". This standard covers: This EN will provide the PICS for DEN/SPS-05081-1
This EN will provide the PICS for DEN/SPS-05081-1
SIST EN 301 068-2 V1.1.3:2003 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 33.080 - Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
SIST EN 301 068-2 V1.1.3:2003 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN); Digital Subscriber Signalling System No. two (DSS2) protocol; Connection characteristics; ATM transfer capability and traffic parameter indication; Part 2: Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma specification33.080Digitalno omrežje z integriranimi storitvami (ISDN)Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)ICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 301 068-2 Version 1.1.3SIST EN 301 068-2 V1.1.3:2003en01-december-2003SIST EN 301 068-2 V1.1.3:2003SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
ETSIEN301068-2V1.1.3(2000-05)EuropeanStandard(Telecommunicationsseries)BroadbandIntegratedServicesDigitalNetwork(B-ISDN);DigitalSubscriberSignallingSystemNo.two(DSS2)protocol;Connectioncharacteristics;ATMtransfercapabilityandtrafficparameterindication;Part2:ProtocolImplementationConformanceStatement(PICS)proformaspecificationSIST EN 301 068-2 V1.1.3:2003
ETSIETSIEN301068-2V1.1.3(2000-05)2ReferenceDEN/SPS-05081-2KeywordsATM,B-ISDN,DSS2,layer3,basic,PICSETSI650RoutedesLuciolesF-06921SophiaAntipolisCedex-FRANCETel.:+33492944200Fax:+33493654716SiretN°34862356200017-NAF742CAssociationàbutnonlucratifenregistréeàlaSous-PréfecturedeGrasse(06)N°7803/88ImportantnoticeIndividualcopiesofthepresentdocumentcanbedownloadedfrom:http://www.etsi.orgThepresentdocumentmaybemadeavailableinmorethanoneelectronicversionorinprint.Inanycaseofexistingorperceiveddifferenceincontentsbetweensuchversions,thereferenceversionisthePortableDocumentFormat(PDF).Incaseofdispute,thereferenceshallbetheprintingonETSIprintersofthePDFversionkeptonaspecificnetworkdrivewithinETSISecretariat.Usersofthepresentdocumentshouldbeawarethatthedocumentmaybesubjecttorevisionorchangeofstatus.InformationonthecurrentstatusofthisandotherETSIdocumentsisavailableathttp://www.etsi.org/tb/status/Ifyoufinderrorsinthepresentdocument,sendyourcommentto:editor@etsi.frCopyrightNotificationNopartmaybereproducedexceptasauthorizedbywrittenpermission.Thecopyrightandtheforegoingrestrictionextendtoreproductioninallmedia.©EuropeanTelecommunicationsStandardsInstitute2000.Allrightsreserved.SIST EN 301 068-2 V1.1.3:2003
ETSIETSIEN301068-2V1.1.3(2000-05)3ContentsIntellectualPropertyRights.4Foreword.41Scope.52References.53Definitionsandabbreviations.63.1Definitions.63.2Abbreviations.64Conformance.7AnnexA(normative):PICSproformaforEN301068-1.8A.1GuidanceforcompletingthePICSproforma.8A.1.1Purposesandstructure.8A.1.2Abbreviationsandconventions.9A.1.3InstructionsforcompletingthePICSproforma.11A.2Identificationoftheimplementation.11A.2.1Dateofthestatement.11A.2.2Implementationundertestidentification.11A.2.3Systemundertestidentification.11A.2.4Productsupplier.12A.2.5Client(ifdifferentfromproductsupplier).12A.2.6PICScontactperson.13A.3Identificationoftheprotocol.13A.4Globalstatementofconformance.13A.5Roles.14A.6Userrole.14A.6.1Majorcapabilities.14A.6.2Subsidiarycapabilities.15A.6.3PDUs.15A.6.4PDUparametersreceivedbytheuser.15A.6.5PDUparameterssentbytheuser.16A.6.6Timers.17A.6.7Callstates.17A.7Networkrole.17A.7.1Majorcapabilities.17A.7.2Subsidiarycapabilities.18A.7.3PDUs.18A.7.4PDUparametersreceivedbythenetwork.18A.7.5PDUparameterssentbythenetwork.19A.7.6Timers.20A.7.7Callstates.20Bibliography.21History.22SIST EN 301 068-2 V1.1.3:2003
ETSIETSIEN301068-2V1.1.3(2000-05)4IntellectualPropertyRightsIPRsessentialorpotentiallyessentialtothepresentdocumentmayhavebeendeclaredtoETSI.TheinformationpertainingtotheseessentialIPRs,ifany,ispubliclyavailableforETSImembersandnon-members,andcanbefoundinSR000314:"IntellectualPropertyRights(IPRs);Essential,orpotentiallyEssential,IPRsnotifiedtoETSIinrespectofETSIstandards",whichisavailablefromtheETSISecretariat.LatestupdatesareavailableontheETSIWebserver(http://www.etsi.org/ipr).PursuanttotheETSIIPRPolicy,noinvestigation,includingIPRsearches,hasbeencarriedoutbyETSI.NoguaranteecanbegivenastotheexistenceofotherIPRsnotreferencedinSR000314(ortheupdatesontheETSIWebserver)whichare,ormaybe,ormaybecome,essentialtothepresentdocument.ForewordThisEuropeanStandard(Telecommunicationsseries)hasbeenproducedbyETSITechnicalCommitteeServicesandProtocolsforAdvancedNetworks(SPAN).Thepresentdocumentispart3ofamulti-partENcoveringtheBroadbandIntegratedServicesDigitalNetwork(B-ISDN);DigitalSubscriberSignallingSystemNo.two(DSS2)protocol;Connectioncharacteristics;ATMtransfercapabilityandtrafficparameterindication,asidentifiedbelow:Part1:"Protocolspecification[ITU-TRecommendationsQ.2961.1(1995),Q.2961.2(1997),Q.2961.3(1997),Q.2961.4(1997),modified]";Part2:"ProtocolImplementationConformanceStatement(PICS)proformaspecification";Part3:"TestSuiteStructureandTestPurposes(TSS&TP)specificationfortheuser";Part4:"AbstractTestSuite(ATS)andpartialProtocolImplementationeXtraInformationforTesting(PIXIT)proformaspecificationfortheuser";Part5:"TestSuiteandTestPurposes(TSS&TP)specificationforthenetwork";Part6:"AbstractTestSuite(ATS)andpartialProtocolImplementationeXtraInformationforTesting(PIXIT)proformaspecificationforthenetwork".Toevaluateconformanceofaparticularimplementation,itisnecessarytohaveastatementofwhichcapabilitiesandoptionshavebeenimplementedforagivenprotocol.SuchastatementiscalledaProtocolImplementationConformanceStatement(PICS).TheProtocolspecification,Part1ofthepresentdocument,extendsthebasiccallcontrolproceduresdefinedinEN300443-1[1]bysupportingtheconnectioncharacteristics(ATMtransfercapabilityandtrafficparameters)indication.NationaltranspositiondatesDateofadoptionofthisEN:28April2000DateoflatestannouncementofthisEN(doa):31July2000DateoflatestpublicationofnewNationalStandardorendorsementofthisEN(dop/e):31January2001DateofwithdrawalofanyconflictingNationalStandard(dow):31January2001SIST EN 301 068-2 V1.1.3:2003
ETSIETSIEN301068-2V1.1.3(2000-05)51ScopeThepresentdocumentprovidestheProtocolImplementationConformanceStatement(PICS)proformafortheBroadbandIntegratedServicesDigitalNetwork(B-ISDN)DigitalSubscriberSignallingSystemNo.two(DSS2)protocolwithconnectioncharacteristicsindicationdefinedinEN301068-1[3]incompliancewiththerelevantrequirements,andinaccordancewiththerelevantguidancegiveninISO/IEC9646-7[5]andETS300406[6].ThesupplierofaprotocolimplementationwhichisclaimedtoconformtoEN301068-1[3]isrequiredtocompleteacopyofthePICSproformaprovidedinannexAofthepresentdocumentandisrequiredtoprovidetheinformationnecessarytoidentifythesupplierandtheimplementation.FurtherENs(orfurtherpartsofthepresentdocument)providethemethodoftestinganddetailedapplicationspecificrequirementstodetermineconformancetothepresentdocument.Theprovisionofthiscapabilityrequiresthesupportoftheprotocolforthebasicpoint-to-pointcall/bearerconnectionsasdefinedinEN300443-1[1]oroftheprotocolforthepoint-to-multipointcall/bearerconnectionsasdefinedinEN300771-1[2].2ReferencesThefollowingdocumentscontainprovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthistext,constituteprovisionsofthepresentdocument.• Referencesareeitherspecific(identifiedbydateofpublication,editionnumber,versionnumber,etc.)ornon-specific.• Foraspecificreference,subsequentrevisionsdonotapply.• Foranon-specificreference,thelatestversionapplies.• Anon-specificreferencetoanETSshallalsobetakentorefertolaterversionspublishedasanENwiththesamenumber.[1]ETSIEN300443-1:"BroadbandIntegratedServicesDigitalNetwork(B-ISDN);DigitalSubscriberSignallingSystemNo.two(DSS2)protocol;B-ISDNuser-networkinterfacelayer3specificationforbasiccall/bearercontrol;Part1:Protocolspecification[ITU-TRecommendationQ.2931(1995),modified]".[2]ETSIEN300771-1:"BroadbandIntegratedServicesDigitalNetwork(B-ISDN);DigitalSubscriberSignallingSystemNo.two(DSS2)protocol;B-ISDNuser-networkinterfacelayer3specificationforpoint-to-multipointcall/bearercontrol;Part1:Protocolspecification[ITU-TRecommendationQ.2971(1995),modified]".[3]ETSIEN301068-1(V1.2):"BroadbandIntegratedServicesDigitalNetwork(B-ISDN);DigitalSubscriberSignallingSystemNo.two(DSS2)protocol;Connectioncharacteristics;ATMtransfercapabilityandtrafficparameterindication;Part1:Protocolspecification[ITU-TRecommendationsQ.2961.1(1995),Q.2961.2(1997),Q.2961.3(1997),Q.2961.4(1997),modified]".[4]ISO/IEC9646-1:"Informationtechnology-OpenSystemsInterconnection-Conformancetestingmethodologyandframework-Part1:Generalconcepts".[5]ISO/IEC9646-7:"Informationtechnology-OpenSystemsInterconnection-Conformancetestingmethodologyandframework-Part7:ImplementationConformanceStatements".[6]ETSIETS300406:"MethodsfortestingandSpecification(MTS);Protocolandprofileconformancetestingspecifications;Standardizationmethodology".[7]ITU-TRecommendationI.371:"TrafficcontrolandcongestioncontrolinB-ISDN".SIST EN 301 068-2 V1.1.3:2003
ETSIETSIEN301068-2V1.1.3(2000-05)6[8]ITU-TRecommendationQ.2961.6:"AdditionalsignallingproceduresforthesupportoftheSBR2andSBR3ATMtransfercapabilities".[9]ITU-TRecommendationQ.2931:"DigitalSubscriberSignallingSystemNo.2(DSS2)–User-NetworkInterface(UNI)layer3specificationforbasiccall/connectioncontrol".[10]ITU-TRecommendationQ.2961:"DigitalsubscribersignallingsystemNo.2–Additionaltrafficparameters".[11]ITU-TRecommendationQ.2961.1:"Additionalsignallingcapabilitiestosupporttrafficparametersforthetaggingoptionandthesustainablecellrateparameterset".[12]ITU-TRecommendationQ.2961.2:"DigitalsubscribersignallingsystemNo.2-Additionaltrafficparameters:SupportofATMtransfercapabilityinthebroadbandbearercapabilityinformationelement".[13]ITU-TRecommendationQ.2961.3:"Signallingcapabilitiestosupporttrafficparametersfortheavailablebitrate(ABR)ATMtransfercapability".[14]ITU-TRecommendationQ.2961.4:"SignallingcapabilitiestosupporttrafficparametersfortheATMBlockTransfer(ABT)ATMtransfercapability".3Definitionsandabbreviations3.1DefinitionsForthepurposesofthepresentdocument,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninEN301068-1[3],ISO/IEC9646-1[4]andISO/IEC9646-7[5]andthefollowingapply:ImplementationConformanceStatement(ICS):statementmadebythesupplierofanimplementationorsystemclaimedtoconformtoagivenspecification,statingwhichcapabilitieshavebeenimplemented.TheICScantakeseveralforms:protocolICS,profileICS,profilespecificICS,informationobjectICS,etc.ICSproforma:document,intheformofaquestionnaire,whichwhencompletedforanimplementationorsystembecomesanICSProtocolICS(PICS):ICSforanimplementationorsystemclaimedtoconformtoagivenprotocolspecification3.2AbbreviationsForthepurposesofthepresentdocument,thefollowingabbreviationsapply:ABRAvailableBitRateATCABTATMBlockTransferATCATCATMTransferCapabilityATMAsynchronousTransferModeB-ISDNBroadbandISDNDBRDeterministicBitRateATCDSS2DigitalSubscriberSignallingSystemNo.twoICSImplementationConformanceStatementIUTImplementationUnderTestPDUProtocolDataUnitPICSProtocolImplementationConformanceStatementSBRStatisticalBitRateATCSUTSystemUnderTestVCVirtualConnectionVPVirtualPathVPCVPConnectionSIST EN 301 068-2 V1.1.3:2003
ETSIETSIEN301068-2V1.1.3(2000-05)74ConformanceIfitclaimstoconformtothepresentdocument,theactualPICSproformatobefilledinbyasuppliershallbetechnicallyequivalenttothetextofthePICSproformagiveninannexA,andshallpreservethenumbering/namingandorderingoftheproformaitems.APICSwhichconformstothepresentdocumentshallbeaconformingPICSproformacompletedinaccordancewiththeguidanceforcompletiongiveninclauseA.1.SIST EN 301 068-2 V1.1.3:2003
ETSIETSIEN301068-2V1.1.3(2000-05)8AnnexA(normative):PICSproformaforEN301068-1Notwithstandingtheprovisionsofthecopyrightclauserelatedtothetextofthepresentdocument,ETSIgrantsthatusersofthepresentdocumentmayfreelyreproducethePICSproformainthisannexsothatitcanbeusedforitsintendedpurposesandmayfurtherpublishthecompletedPICS.A.1GuidanceforcompletingthePICSproformaA.1.1PurposesandstructureThepurposeofthisPICSproformaistoprovideamechanismwherebyasupplierofanimplementationoftherequirementsdefinedinEN301068-1mayprovideinformationabouttheimplementationinastandardizedmanner.ThePICSproformaissubdividedintosubclausesforthefollowingcategoriesofinformation:• instructionsforcompletingthePICSproforma;• identificationoftheimplementation;• identificationoftheprotocol;• globalstatementofconformance;• roles;• userrole:-majorcapabilities;-PDUs;-PDUparameters;-timers;-callstates;• networkrole:-majorcapabilities;-PDUs;-PDUparameters;-timers;-callstates.SIST EN 301 068-2 V1.1.3:2003
ETSIETSIEN301068-2V1.1.3(2000-05)9A.1.2AbbreviationsandconventionsThePICSproformacontainedinthisannexiscomprisedofinformationintabularforminaccordancewiththeguidelinespresentedinISO/IEC9646-7.ItemcolumnTheitemcolumncontainsanumberwhichidentifiestheiteminthetable.ItemdescriptioncolumnTheitemdescriptioncolumndescribesinfreetexteachrespectiveitem(e.g.parameters,timers,etc.).Itimplicitlymeans"issupportedbytheimplementation?".StatuscolumnThefollowingnotations,definedinISO/IEC9646-7,areusedforthestatuscolumn:m:mandatory-thecapabilityisrequiredtobesupported.o:optional-thecapabilitymaybesupportedornot.n/a:notapplicable-inthegivencontext,itisimpossibletousethecapability.x:prohibited(excluded)-thereisarequirementnottousethiscapabilityinthegivencontext.o.i:qualifiedoptional-formutuallyexclusiveorselectableoptionsfromaset."i"isanintegerwhichidentifiesanuniquegroupofrelatedoptionalitemsandthelogicoftheirselectionwhichisdefinedimmediatelyfollowingthetable.NOTE:Inthecasewhereitemsofthegroupdonotalwaysbelongtothesametable,allo.ishallbedefinedinthelastsubclauseofthePICSproforma,andthetext"whichisdefinedimmediatelyfollowingthetable"shouldbereplacedby"whichisdefinedinthelastsubclauseofthisannex".ci:Conditional-therequirementonthecapability("m","o","x"or"n/a")dependsonthesupportofotheroptionalorconditionalitems."i"isanintegeridentifyinganuniqueconditionalstatusexpressionwhichisdefinedimmediatelyfollowingthetable.c:o:conditionaloptional-thecapabilitymaybesupportedornotifthehierarchicallyprecedingcapabilityissupported.c:m:conditionalmandatory-thecapabilityisrequiredtobesupportedifthehierarchicallyprecedingcapabilityissupported.ReferencecolumnThereferencecolumnmakesreferencetoEN301068-1,exceptwhereexplicitlystatedotherwise.WheneverreferenceismadedirectlytoITU-TRecommendationQ.2961.x,itmeansasendorsedbyEN301068-1.SupportcolumnThesupportcolumnshallbefilledinbythesupplieroftheimplementation.Thefollowingcommonnotations,definedinISO/IEC9646-7,areusedforthesupportcolumn:Yory:supportedbytheimplementation.Norn:notsupportedbytheimplementation.N/A,n/aor-:noanswerrequired(allowedonlyifthestatusisn/a,directlyorafterevaluationofaconditionalstatus).SIST EN 301 068-2 V1.1.3:2003
ETSIETSIEN301068-2V1.1.3(2000-05)10IfthisPICSproformaiscompletedinordertodescribeamultiple-profilesupportinasystem,itisnecessarytobeabletoanswerthatacapabilityissupportedforoneprofileandnotsupportedforanother.Inthatcase,thesuppliershallentertheuniquereferencetoaconditionalexpression,precededby"?"(e.g.?3).Thisexpressionshallbegiveninthespaceforcommentsprovidedatthebottomofthetable.ItusespredicatesdefinedintheSCS,eachofwhichreferstoasingleprofileandwhichtakesthevalueTRUEifandonlyifthatprofileistobeused.EXAMPLE:?3:IFprof1THENYELSEN.Itisalsopossibletoprovideacommenttoananswerinthespaceprovidedatthebottomofthetable.NOTE:AsstatedinISO/IEC9646-7,supportforareceivedPDUrequirestheabilitytoparseallvalidparametersofthatPDU.SupportingaPDUwhilehavingnoabilitytoparseavalidparameterisnon-conformant.SupportforaparameteronaPDUmeansthatthesemanticsofthatparameteraresupported.ValuesallowedcolumnThevaluesallowedcolumncontainsthetype,thelist,therange,orthelengthofvaluesallowed.Thefollowingnotationsareused:-rangeofvalues:.example:5.20-listofvalues:,,.,example:2,4,6,8,9example:'1101'B,'1011'B,'1111'Bexample:'0A'H,'34'H,'2F'H-listofnamedvalues:(),(),.,(example:reject(1),accept(2)-length:size(.)example:size(1.8)ValuessupportedcolumnThevaluessupportedcolumnshallbefilledinbythesupplieroftheimplementation.Inthiscolumn,thevaluesortherangesofvaluessupportedbytheimplementationshallbeindicated.ReferencestoitemsForeachpossibleitemanswer(answerinthesupportcolumn)withinthePICSproformaauniquereferenceexists,used,forexample,intheconditionalexpressions.Itisdefinedasthetableidentifier,followedbyasoliduscharacter"/",followedbytheitemnumberinthetable.Ifthereismorethanonesupportcolumninatable,thecolumnsarediscriminatedbyletters(a,b,etc.),respectively.EXAMPLE1:A.5/4isthereferencetotheanswerofitem4intableA.5.EXAMPLE2:A.6/3bisthereferencetothesecondanswer(i.e.inthesecondsupportcolumn)ofitem3intableA.6.PrerequisitelineAprerequisitelinetakestheform:Prerequisite:.Aprerequisitelineafteraclauseortabletitleindicatesthatthewholeclauseorth
...