Information and documentation - Implementation guidelines for digitization of records

ISO/TR 13028:2010: establishes guidelines for creating and maintaining records in digital format only, where the original paper, or other non-digital source record, has been copied by digitizing; establishes best practice guidelines for digitization to ensure the trustworthiness and reliability of records and enable consideration of disposal of the non-digital source records; establishes best practice guidelines for the trustworthiness of the digitized records which may impact on the legal admissibility and evidential weight of such records; establishes best practice guidelines for the accessibility of digitized records for as long as they are required; specifies strategies to assist in creating digitized records fit for long-term retention; and establishes best practice guidelines for the management of non-digital source records following digitization.
ISO/TR 13028:2010 is applicable for use in the design and conduct of responsible digitization by all organizations undertaking digitization, either business process digitization or back capture digitization projects for records management purposes, as outlined in ISO 15489-1:2001 and ISO/TR 15801:2009.
ISO/TR 13028:2010 is not applicable to: capture and management of born-digital records; technical specifications for the digital capture of records; procedures for making decisions about records' eventual disposition; technical specifications for the long-term preservation of digital records; or digitization of existing archival holdings for preservation purposes.

Information et documentation -- Mise en oeuvre des lignes directrices pour la numérisation des enregistrements

L'ISO/TR 13028:2010 fournit des lignes directrices pour la création et la conservation des documents d'activité au format numérique uniquement, lorsque le document papier original ou un autre document source non numérique, a été copié par numérisation, établit les lignes directrices sur les meilleures pratiques en matière de numérisation afin de répondre aux exigences d'authenticité et de fiabilité des documents d'activité et de prendre en considération le sort final des documents sources non numériques, établit les lignes directrices sur les meilleures pratiques en matière de fidélité des documents d'activité numérisés, laquelle peut avoir une incidence sur leur recevabilité juridique et leur valeur probante, établit les lignes directrices sur les meilleures pratiques en matière d'accessibilité des documents d'activité numérisés aussi longtemps que nécessaire, définit les stratégies d'aide à la création de documents d'activité numérisés conçus pour une conservation à long terme et établit les lignes directrices sur les meilleures pratiques en matière de gestion des documents d'activité sources non numériques après numérisation.
L'ISO/TR 13028:2010 est applicable à la conception et à l'exécution de projets de numérisation responsables par tous les organismes ayant décidé de procéder à une numérisation, qu'il s'agisse d'une numérisation dans le cadre du processus de travail ou d'une numérisation rétrospective à des fins de gestion des documents d'activité, comme indiqué dans l'ISO 15489‑1:2001 et l'ISO/TR 15801:2009.
L'ISO/TR 13028:2010 ne couvre pas la capture et la gestion des documents d'activité numériques natifs, les spécifications techniques pour la capture numérique des documents d'activité, les procédures permettant d'évaluer les documents d'activité et de prendre une décision quant à leur éventuel sort final, les exigences et les spécifications pour la conservation à long terme des documents d'activité numériques et la numérisation de fonds d'archives à des fins de conservation.

Informatika in dokumentacija - Smernice za izvedbo digitalizacije zapisov

To tehnično poročilo:
– vzpostavlja smernice za ustvarjanje in vzdrževanje zapisov samo v digitalnem formatu, pri katerih je bil originalni papir ali drug nedigitalen vir zapisa digitaliziran;
– vzpostavlja smernice dobre prakse za digitalizacijo, ki zagotavljajo zaupljivost in zanesljivost zapisov ter omogočajo premislek o odstranitvi nedigitalnih virov zapisa;
– vzpostavlja smernice dobre prakse za zaupljivost digitalnih zapisov, ki lahko vplivajo na pravno sprejemljivost in dokazno težo takih zapisov;
– vzpostavlja smernice dobre prakse, ki omogočajo, da so digitalizirani zapisi na voljo toliko časa, kot je to potrebno;
– navaja strategije, ki pomagajo pri ustvarjanju digitalnih zapisov, primernih za dolgotrajno hranjenje;
– vzpostavlja smernice dobre prakse za upravljanje z nedigitalnimi viri zapisov po digitalizaciji. To tehnično poročilo se uporablja za načrtovanje in upravljanje odgovorne digitalizacije vseh organizacij, ki izvajajo digitalizacijo, digitalizacijo poslovnih procesov ali projekte digitalizacije z zajemom za nazaj z namenom upravljanja zapisov, kot je opisano v standardih ISO 15489-1:2001 in ISO/TR 15801:2009.
To tehnično poročilo se ne uporablja za:
a) zajem in upravljanje z zapisi, ki so bili izvirno ustvarjeni v digitalni obliki;
b) tehnične specifikacije za digitalni zajem zapisov;
c) postopke za odločanje o morebitni odstranitvi zapisov;
b) tehnične specifikacije za dolgotrajno shranjevanje digitalnih zapisov;
e) digitalizacijo obstoječih skladišč z arhivi z namenom shranjevanja.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
06-Jun-2013
Current Stage
6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
Start Date
28-May-2013
Due Date
02-Aug-2013
Completion Date
07-Jun-2013

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2013
Informatika in dokumentacija - Smernice za izvedbo digitalizacije zapisov
Information and documentation - Implementation guidelines for digitization of records
Information et documentation -- Mise en oeuvre des lignes directrices pour la
numérisation des enregistrements
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO/TR 13028:2010
ICS:
01.140.20 Informacijske vede Information sciences
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 13028
First edition
2010-12-01
Information and documentation —
Implementation guidelines for digitization
of records
Information et documentation — Mise en œuvre des lignes directrices
pour la numérisation des enregistrements

Reference number
©
ISO 2010
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.

©  ISO 2010
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Benefits and risks of digitization.4
5 Preliminary considerations .5
6 Best practice guidelines .5
Annex A (informative) Issues to consider when assessing the viability of digitization.16
Annex B (informative) Checklist of best practice guidelines .17
Annex C (informative) File-naming metadata recommendations.23
Annex D (informative) Quality control recommendations .25
Annex E (informative) Recommended staff skill sets .29
Bibliography.31

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that
which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a
simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely
informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no
longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TR 13028 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation,
Subcommittee SC 11, Archives/records management.
This Technical Report was based on Archives New Zealand's Recordkeeping Standard S6: Digitisation
Standard, published in January 2006.
iv © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Introduction
With the shift to managing records in digital systems, many organizations are digitizing paper and/or other
non-digital records. To manage themselves effectively, organizations need to create full and accurate records
of their activities and maintain these records over time for subsequent reference. These considerations are
valid regardless of the records' storage media.
Digitization is the process of converting hard-copy, or other non-digital, records into a digital format, such as
taking digital photographs of non-digital source records or imaging non-digital source records (also known as
scanning).
When converting records into digital objects, they are commonly:
a) captured as static pictures (raster image) represented by pixels;
b) processed by optical character recognition technology which converts the pixels into digital
representations which are searchable, editable and manipulable; or
c) captured into both formats.
Digitization can broadly be categorized into two types:
⎯ business-process digitization: ongoing, routine digitization as part of daily business processes;
⎯ digitization projects: project-based bulk digitization of legacy records.

TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 13028:2010(E)

Information and documentation — Implementation guidelines
for digitization of records
1 Scope
This Technical Report:
⎯ establishes guidelines for creating and maintaining records in digital format only, where the original paper,
or other non-digital source record, has been copied by digitizing;
⎯ establishes best practice guidelines for digitization to ensure the trustworthiness and reliability of records
and enable consideration of disposal of the non-digital source records;
⎯ establishes best practice guidelines for the trustworthiness of the digitized records which may impact on
the legal admissibility and evidential weight of such records;
⎯ establishes best practice guidelines for the accessibility of digitized records for as long as they are
required;
⎯ specifies strategies to assist in creating digitized records fit for long-term retention;
⎯ establishes best practice guidelines for the management of non-digital source records following
digitization.
This Technical Report is applicable for use in the design and conduct of responsible digitization by all
organizations undertaking digitization, either business process digitization or back capture digitization projects
for records management purposes, as outlined in ISO 15489-1:2001 and ISO/TR 15801:2009.
This Technical Report is not applicable to:
a) capture and management of born-digital records;
b) technical specifications for the digital capture of records;
c) procedures for making decisions about records' eventual disposition;
d) technical specifications for the long-term preservation of digital records;
e) digitization of existing archival holdings for preservation purposes.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 15489-1:2001, Information and documentation — Records management — Part 1: General
ISO/TR 15801:2009, Document management — Information stored electronically — Recommendations for
trustworthiness and reliability
ISO 23081-1:2006, Information and documentation — Records management processes — Metadata for
records — Part 1: Principles
ISO 23081-2:2009, Information and documentation — Managing metadata for records — Part 2: Conceptual
and implementation issues
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 15489-1:2001, ISO/TR 15801:2009,
ISO 23081-1:2006 and ISO 23081-2:2009 and the following apply.
3.1
born digital records
records which are created in digital form, without a non-digital equivalent
NOTE 1 This term is used to differentiate born digital records from:
⎯ digital materials which might have been created as a result of converting non-digital source material;
⎯ non-digital materials which might have originated from a digital source but have been printed to paper or otherwise
converted into analogue form.
NOTE 2 Adapted from Reference [21].
3.2
business information system
automated systems that create or manage data about an organization's activities
NOTE 1 Business information systems are (often multiple or related) applications whose primary purpose is to facilitate
transactions between an organizational unit and its customers, e.g. an e-commerce system, client-relationship
management system, purpose-built or customized database, and finance or human resources systems. Business
information systems typically contain dynamic data that are commonly subject to constant updates, able to be transformed
(manipulated) and hold current data. For the purposes of this Technical Report, the term business information system
includes electronic records management systems. A business information system will create records, but might or might
not manage them according to records management requirements. An electronic document and records management
system is a specific type of business information system with the dedicated functionality of managing an organization's
records and information resources.
NOTE 2 Adapted from Reference [11].
3.3
business-process digitization
routine digitization of records and incorporation into business information systems where future actions take
place on the digitized record, rather than on the non-digital source record
NOTE 1 For the purposes of ongoing management of authoritative records, the version of the record on which the
business action took place, or which evidences the business action, is the version that needs to be managed as the official
record. In all cases, organizations need to analyse their business processes to identify and manage the record that
evidences the business action. Therefore:
⎯ where the digitized record is the record the business relied on in undertaking its business actions, or which evidences
the action, the digitized version needs to be regarded as the official record for management purposes;
⎯ where the action has been completed on a non-digital record prior to the digitization process, the non-digital record is
the one on which the action has been taken and which evidences the action and the digital record is the copy;
2 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

⎯ where the digitized record is converted back to analogue form for the purposes of further business action, the paper
version of the digitized record may be required for management in specific processes in addition to the digitized
record.
NOTE 2 Such digitization may take place in conjunction with the operation of an electronic document and records
management system.
NOTE 3 Adapted from Reference [16].
3.4
destruction
process of eliminating or deleting records, beyond any possible reconstruction
[ISO 15489-1:2001]
3.5
digitization
means of converting hard-copy or non-digital records into digital format
NOTE Examples of digitization include scanning or imaging, taking digital photographs of the non-digital source
records, or converting analogue voice recordings to digital med
...


TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 13028
First edition
2010-12-01
Information and documentation —
Implementation guidelines for digitization
of records
Information et documentation — Mise en œuvre des lignes directrices
pour la numérisation des enregistrements

Reference number
©
ISO 2010
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.

©  ISO 2010
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Benefits and risks of digitization.4
5 Preliminary considerations .5
6 Best practice guidelines .5
Annex A (informative) Issues to consider when assessing the viability of digitization.16
Annex B (informative) Checklist of best practice guidelines .17
Annex C (informative) File-naming metadata recommendations.23
Annex D (informative) Quality control recommendations .25
Annex E (informative) Recommended staff skill sets .29
Bibliography.31

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that
which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a
simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely
informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no
longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TR 13028 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation,
Subcommittee SC 11, Archives/records management.
This Technical Report was based on Archives New Zealand's Recordkeeping Standard S6: Digitisation
Standard, published in January 2006.
iv © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

Introduction
With the shift to managing records in digital systems, many organizations are digitizing paper and/or other
non-digital records. To manage themselves effectively, organizations need to create full and accurate records
of their activities and maintain these records over time for subsequent reference. These considerations are
valid regardless of the records' storage media.
Digitization is the process of converting hard-copy, or other non-digital, records into a digital format, such as
taking digital photographs of non-digital source records or imaging non-digital source records (also known as
scanning).
When converting records into digital objects, they are commonly:
a) captured as static pictures (raster image) represented by pixels;
b) processed by optical character recognition technology which converts the pixels into digital
representations which are searchable, editable and manipulable; or
c) captured into both formats.
Digitization can broadly be categorized into two types:
⎯ business-process digitization: ongoing, routine digitization as part of daily business processes;
⎯ digitization projects: project-based bulk digitization of legacy records.

TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 13028:2010(E)

Information and documentation — Implementation guidelines
for digitization of records
1 Scope
This Technical Report:
⎯ establishes guidelines for creating and maintaining records in digital format only, where the original paper,
or other non-digital source record, has been copied by digitizing;
⎯ establishes best practice guidelines for digitization to ensure the trustworthiness and reliability of records
and enable consideration of disposal of the non-digital source records;
⎯ establishes best practice guidelines for the trustworthiness of the digitized records which may impact on
the legal admissibility and evidential weight of such records;
⎯ establishes best practice guidelines for the accessibility of digitized records for as long as they are
required;
⎯ specifies strategies to assist in creating digitized records fit for long-term retention;
⎯ establishes best practice guidelines for the management of non-digital source records following
digitization.
This Technical Report is applicable for use in the design and conduct of responsible digitization by all
organizations undertaking digitization, either business process digitization or back capture digitization projects
for records management purposes, as outlined in ISO 15489-1:2001 and ISO/TR 15801:2009.
This Technical Report is not applicable to:
a) capture and management of born-digital records;
b) technical specifications for the digital capture of records;
c) procedures for making decisions about records' eventual disposition;
d) technical specifications for the long-term preservation of digital records;
e) digitization of existing archival holdings for preservation purposes.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 15489-1:2001, Information and documentation — Records management — Part 1: General
ISO/TR 15801:2009, Document management — Information stored electronically — Recommendations for
trustworthiness and reliability
ISO 23081-1:2006, Information and documentation — Records management processes — Metadata for
records — Part 1: Principles
ISO 23081-2:2009, Information and documentation — Managing metadata for records — Part 2: Conceptual
and implementation issues
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 15489-1:2001, ISO/TR 15801:2009,
ISO 23081-1:2006 and ISO 23081-2:2009 and the following apply.
3.1
born digital records
records which are created in digital form, without a non-digital equivalent
NOTE 1 This term is used to differentiate born digital records from:
⎯ digital materials which might have been created as a result of converting non-digital source material;
⎯ non-digital materials which might have originated from a digital source but have been printed to paper or otherwise
converted into analogue form.
NOTE 2 Adapted from Reference [21].
3.2
business information system
automated systems that create or manage data about an organization's activities
NOTE 1 Business information systems are (often multiple or related) applications whose primary purpose is to facilitate
transactions between an organizational unit and its customers, e.g. an e-commerce system, client-relationship
management system, purpose-built or customized database, and finance or human resources systems. Business
information systems typically contain dynamic data that are commonly subject to constant updates, able to be transformed
(manipulated) and hold current data. For the purposes of this Technical Report, the term business information system
includes electronic records management systems. A business information system will create records, but might or might
not manage them according to records management requirements. An electronic document and records management
system is a specific type of business information system with the dedicated functionality of managing an organization's
records and information resources.
NOTE 2 Adapted from Reference [11].
3.3
business-process digitization
routine digitization of records and incorporation into business information systems where future actions take
place on the digitized record, rather than on the non-digital source record
NOTE 1 For the purposes of ongoing management of authoritative records, the version of the record on which the
business action took place, or which evidences the business action, is the version that needs to be managed as the official
record. In all cases, organizations need to analyse their business processes to identify and manage the record that
evidences the business action. Therefore:
⎯ where the digitized record is the record the business relied on in undertaking its business actions, or which evidences
the action, the digitized version needs to be regarded as the official record for management purposes;
⎯ where the action has been completed on a non-digital record prior to the digitization process, the non-digital record is
the one on which the action has been taken and which evidences the action and the digital record is the copy;
2 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved

⎯ where the digitized record is converted back to analogue form for the purposes of further business action, the paper
version of the digitized record may be required for management in specific processes in addition to the digitized
record.
NOTE 2 Such digitization may take place in conjunction with the operation of an electronic document and records
management system.
NOTE 3 Adapted from Reference [16].
3.4
destruction
process of eliminating or deleting records, beyond any possible reconstruction
[ISO 15489-1:2001]
3.5
digitization
means of converting hard-copy or non-digital records into digital format
NOTE Examples of digitization include scanning or imaging, taking digital photographs of the non-digital source
records, or converting analogue voice recordings to digital media.
[SOURCE: Reference [16]]
3.6
digitization project
retrospective, back-capture of existing sets of non-digital records to enhance accessibility and maximize
re-use
NOTE 1 In such projects, the business action has been completed on non-digital form of the record prior to digitization
and for ongoing management purposes the non-digital record on which the business action took place, or which evidences
the action, remains the official record of action.
NOTE 2 The non-digital source records for both forms of digitization should be subject to an assessment process to
determine whether there are good reasons to retain them prior to any consideration of disposition. Once non-digital
records are converted into digital records, many of the management and preservation issues for born-digital records apply.
[SOURCE: Reference [16]]
3.7
disposition
range of processes associated with implementing records retention, destruction, or transfer decisions which
are documented in disposition authorities or other instruments
[
...


RAPPORT ISO/TR
TECHNIQUE 13028
Première édition
2010-12-01
Information et documentation — Mise
en œuvre des lignes directrices pour
la numérisation des enregistrements
Information and documentation — Implementation guidelines for
digitization of records
Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2010
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous
quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l’accord écrit
de l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou du comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Version française parue en 2012
Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés

Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction . v
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 2
4 Avantages et risques de la numérisation . 3
4.1 Avantages de la numérisation . 3
4.2 Risques de la numérisation . 4
5 Considérations préliminaires . 4
5.1 Évaluation de la viabilité d’un projet de numérisation . 4
5.2 Masters numériques et copies dérivées . 5
6 Lignes directrices sur les meilleures pratiques . 5
6.1 Généralités . 5
6.2 Processus de planification . 5
6.3 Gestion du processus de numérisation . 8
6.4 Systèmes de gestion .12
6.5 Sort final .13
Annexe A (informative) Points à prendre en considération lors de l’évaluation de la viabilité de
la numérisation .16
Annexe B (informative) Liste de vérification des recommandations relatives aux meilleures pratiques 18
Annexe C (informative) Recommandations sur les métadonnées de nommage de fichier .26
Annexe D (informative) Recommandations relatives à l’assurance qualité .28
Annexe E (informative) Ensemble des compétences recommandées pour le personnel .32
Bibliographie .34
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée aux
comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du comité
technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales,
en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux. L’ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission
électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI, Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d’élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur publication
comme Normes internationales requiert l’approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres votants.
Exceptionnellement, lorsqu’un comité technique a réuni des données de nature différente de celles qui sont
normalement publiées comme Normes internationales (ceci pouvant comprendre des informations sur l’état
de la technique par exemple), il peut décider, à la majorité simple de ses membres, de publier un Rapport
technique. Les Rapports techniques sont de nature purement informative et ne doivent pas nécessairement
être révisés avant que les données fournies ne soient plus jugées valables ou utiles.
L’attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l’objet de droits
de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir
identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L’ISO/TR 13028 a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 46, Information et documentation, sous-comité
SC 11, Gestion des archives courantes et intermédiaires.
Le présent Rapport technique a été élaboré à partir du document d’Archives New Zealand Recordkeeping
Standard S6: Digitisation Standard, publié en janvier 2006.
iv © ISO 2010 – Tous droits réservés

Introduction
Avec le passage à la gestion des documents d’activité dans des systèmes numériques, de nombreux
organismes numérisent les documents d’activité papier et/ou autres non numériques. Pour une gestion efficace
et autonome, les organismes ont besoin de créer des documents complets et précis de leurs activités et de
les conserver au fil du temps afin de pouvoir s’y référer ultérieurement. Cela s’applique indépendamment des
supports de stockage de ces documents.
La numérisation est le processus de conversion d’une copie papier ou de tout autre document non numérique
en format numérique. Elle peut comprendre la prise de photographies numériques des documents d’activité
sources ou leur reproduction par scanning.
Une fois les documents d’activité convertis en objets numériques, ils peuvent être
a) capturés sous forme d’images statiques (image tramée) représentées par des pixels,
b) traités par technologie de reconnaissance optique des caractères qui convertit les pixels en représentations
permettant des recherches, des modifications ou des manipulations, ou
c) capturés dans les deux formats.
D’une façon générale, la numérisation peut être classifiée en deux catégories:
— numérisation dans le cadre du processus de travail: numérisation continue, systématique lors du processus
de travail quotidien;
— projets de numérisation: numérisation de masse de documents patrimoniaux dans le cadre de projets.
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE ISO/TR 13028:2010(F)
Information et documentation — Mise en œuvre des lignes
directrices pour la numérisation des enregistrements
1 Domaine d’application
Le présent Rapport technique
— fournit des lignes directrices pour la création et la conservation des documents d’activité au format
numérique uniquement, lorsque le document papier original ou un autre document source non numérique
a été copié par numérisation,
— établit les lignes directrices sur les meilleures pratiques en matière de numérisation afin de répondre aux
exigences d’authenticité et de fiabilité des documents d’activité et de prendre en considération le sort final
des documents sources non numériques,
— établit les lignes directrices sur les meilleures pratiques en matière de fidélité des documents d’activité
numérisés, laquelle peut avoir une incidence sur leur recevabilité juridique et leur valeur probante,
— établit les lignes directrices sur les meilleures pratiques en matière d’accessibilité des documents d’activité
numérisés aussi longtemps que nécessaire,
— définit les stratégies d’aide à la création de documents d’activité numérisés conçus pour une conservation
à long terme, et
— établit les lignes directrices sur les meilleures pratiques en matière de gestion des documents d’activité
sources non numériques après numérisation.
Le présent Rapport technique est applicable à la conception et à l’exécution de projets de numérisation
responsables par tous les organismes ayant décidé de procéder à une numérisation, qu’il s’agisse d’une
numérisation dans le cadre du processus de travail ou d’une numérisation rétrospective à des fins de gestion
des documents d’activité, comme indiqué dans l’ISO 15489-1:2001 et l’ISO/TR 15801:2009.
Le présent Rapport technique ne couvre pas
a) la capture et la gestion des documents d’activité numériques natifs,
b) les spécifications techniques pour la capture numérique des documents d’activité,
c) les procédures permettant d’évaluer les documents d’activité et de prendre une décision quant à leur
éventuel sort final,
d) les exigences et les spécifications pour la conservation à long terme des documents d’activité numériques, et
e) la numérisation de fonds d’archives à des fins de conservation.
2 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables pour l’application du présent document. Pour les
références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du
document de référence s’applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
ISO 15489-1:2001, Information et documentation — «Records management» — Partie 1: Principes directeurs
ISO/TR 15801:2009, Images électroniques — Stockage électronique d’informations — Recommandations
pour les informations de valeur et leur fiabilité
ISO 23081-1:2006, Information et documentation — Processus de gestion des enregistrements — Métadonnées
pour les enregistrements — Partie 1: Principes
ISO 23081-2:2009, Information et documentation — Gestion des métadonnées pour l’information et les
documents — Partie 2: Concepts et mise en œuvre
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions donnés dans l’ISO 15489-1:2001,
l’ISO/TR 15801:2009, l’ISO 23081-1:2006 et l’ISO 23081-2:2009 ainsi que les suivants s’appliquent.
3.1
documents d’activité numériques natifs
documents d’activité créés sous forme numérique, sans équivalent non numérique
NOTE 1 Ce terme est utilisé pour différencier les documents d’activité numériques natifs des
— documents numériques éventuellement issus de la conversion d’un document source non numérique, et
— documents non numériques issus d’une source numérique mais imprimés sur papier ou convertis d’une autre manière
au format analogique.
NOTE 2 Adapté de la Référence [21].
3.2
système d’information de l’activité
systèmes automatisés qui créent ou gèrent des données sur les activités de l’organisme
NOTE 1 Les systèmes d’information de l’activité sont des applications (souvent multiples ou apparentées) visant
principalement à faciliter les transactions entre une unité organisationnelle et ses clients, par exemple un système
de commerce électronique, un système de gestion des relations clientèle, des bases de données personnalisées ou
spécialisées, et des systèmes de ressources humaines ou financières. Les systèmes d’information de l’activité comprennent
généralement des données dynamiques qui font l’objet de mises à jour constantes, capables d’être transformées
(manipulées) et contiennent des données récentes. Pour les besoins du présent Rapport technique, l’expression «système
d’information de l’activité» inclut les systèmes de gestion des informations et documents d’activité électroniques. Un
système d’information de l’activité génère des documents d’activité, qu’il peut gérer ou non conformément aux exigences
de gestion des informations et documents d’activité. Un système de gestion de documents électroniques et de documents
d’activité est un système d’information de l’activité spécifique dédié à la gestion des documents d’activité de l’organisme
et des ressources documentaires.
NOTE 2 Adapté de la Référence [11].
3.3
numérisation dans le cadre du processus de travail
numérisation courante des documents d’activité et intégration dans le système d’information de l’activité au sein
duquel on agira sur les documents d’activité numérisés davantage que sur les documents d’activité sources
non numériques
NOTE 1 Dans le cadre de la gestion courante des documents d’activité engageants, la version du document qui sert
de base ou de preuve à l’activité est la version qui est à gérer en tant que document d’activité officiel. Dans tous les cas,
les organismes ont besoin d’analyser leurs processus de travail pour identifier et gérer le document qui sert de preuve à
l’activité. En conséquence,
— quand le document d’activité numérisé est le document sur lequel s’appuie l’activité, ou qui lui sert de preuve, la
version numérisée est à considérer comme le document d’activité officiel pour les besoins de gestion,
— quand l’action a été menée à l’aide d’un document d’
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