SIST ISO 20666:2010
Water quality - Determination of the chronic toxicity to Brachionus calyciflorus in 48 h
Water quality - Determination of the chronic toxicity to Brachionus calyciflorus in 48 h
ISO 20666:2008 specifies a method for the determination of the chronic toxicity to rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus, based on population growth inhibition in 48 h.
The method is applicable to: a) chemical substances which are soluble or which can be maintained as stable suspensions or dispersions under the conditions of the test; b) industrial or sewage effluents, treated or untreated, if appropriate after decantation, filtration or centrifugation; c) fresh waters; d) aqueous extracts.
ISO 20666:2008 is not applicable to the testing of unstable chemicals (hydrolysing, absorbing, etc.) in water unless exposure concentration is measured, nor to the testing of aquatic samples from the estuarine or marine environment.
Qualité de l'eau - Détermination de la toxicité chronique vis-à-vis de Brachionus calyciflorus en 48 h
L'ISO 20666:2008 spécifie une méthode de détermination de la toxicité chronique vis-à-vis du rotifère Brachionus calyciflorus, basée sur l'inhibition de la croissance de la population en 48 h.
Cette méthode est applicable: a) aux substances chimiques solubles ou pouvant être maintenues en suspension ou en dispersion stable dans les conditions de l'essai; b) aux effluents industriels ou aux eaux usées, traités ou non, le cas échéant après décantation, filtration ou centrifugation; c) aux eaux douces; d) aux extraits aqueux.
L'ISO 20666:2008 n'est applicable ni aux essais de produits chimiques instables dans l'eau (hydrolysables, susceptibles d'absorber, etc.), sauf si l'on mesure la concentration d'exposition, ni aux essais effectués sur des échantillons aquatiques provenant d'un milieu marin ou estuarien.
Kakovost vode - Določevanje kronične strupenosti z Brachionus calyciflorus v 48 urah
Ta mednarodni standard določa metodo določevanja kronične strupenosti z Brachionus calyciflorus, osnovano na zaviranju rasti populacije v 48 urah. Metoda se uporablja za:
a) kemične substance, ki so topne ali ki se lahko ohranijo kot stabilne suspenzije ali disperzije pod preskusnimi pogoji;
b) industrijske ali komunalne odplake, obdelane ali neobdelane, po potrebi po pretočitvi, filtraciji ali centrifugiranju;
c) sladke vode;
d) vodne ekstrakte.
Ta mednarodni standard ne velja za preskušanje nestabilnih kemikalij (hidroliziranje, absorbiranje itd.) v vodi, razen če se koncentracijo izpostavljenosti meri, niti za preskušanje vodnih vzorcev iz rečnega ustja ali morskega okolja.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2010
.DNRYRVWYRGH'RORþHYDQMHNURQLþQHVWUXSHQRVWL]%UDFKLRQXVFDO\FLIORUXVY
XUDK
Water quality - Determination of the chronic toxicity to Brachionus calyciflorus in 48 h
Qualité de l'eau - Détermination de la toxicité chronique vis-à-vis de Brachionus
calyciflorus en 48 h
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 20666:2008
ICS:
13.060.70 Preiskava bioloških lastnosti Examination of biological
vode properties of water
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20666
First edition
2008-12-15
Water quality — Determination of the
chronic toxicity to Brachionus
calyciflorus in 48 h
Qualité de l'eau — Détermination de la toxicité chronique vis-à-vis de
Brachionus calyciflorus en 48 h
Reference number
©
ISO 2008
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2008
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Principle. 2
5 Test environment. 3
6 Reagents, test organisms and media . 3
7 Apparatus . 4
8 Treatment and preparation of samples . 5
9 Procedure . 6
10 Expression of results . 9
11 Validity criteria . 10
12 Test report . 10
Annex A (informative) Preparation of the LC OLIGO medium. 12
Annex B (informative) Precision data. 14
Bibliography . 15
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 20666 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 5, Biological
methods.
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The evaluation of harmful effects on water quality has for several years involved the performance of biological
tests. Rotifera, and especially the species Brachionus calyciflorus, are of interest from the ecotoxicological
standpoint because they offer the advantage of breeding by parthenogenesis and of possessing a very short
generation time: a single mother maintained under favourable conditions over 48 h reproduces several times.
Brachionus calyciflorus is an organism of the zooplankton, which lives in fresh water. These animals are
primary consumers and serve as prey for a large number of fish larvae and invertebrates.
The test specified in this International Standard is carried out over 48 h and therefore involves at least three
reproductions from a single parent organism (see Reference [11]).
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20666:2008(E)
Water quality — Determination of the chronic toxicity to
Brachionus calyciflorus in 48 h
WARNING — Persons using this International Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory
practice. This International Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health
practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.
IMPORTANT — It is absolutely essential that tests conducted according to this International Standard
be carried out by suitably trained staff.
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the chronic toxicity to rotifer
Brachionus calyciflorus, based on population growth inhibition in 48 h.
The method is applicable to:
a) chemical substances which are soluble or which can be maintained as stable suspensions or dispersions
under the conditions of the test;
b) industrial or sewage effluents, treated or untreated, if appropriate after decantation, filtration or
centrifugation;
c) fresh waters;
d) aqueous extracts.
This International Standard is not applicable to the testing of unstable chemicals (hydrolysing, absorbing, etc.)
in water unless exposure concentration is measured, nor to the testing of aquatic samples from the estuarine
or marine environment.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5667-16:1998, Water quality — Sampling — Part 16: Guidance on biotesting of samples
ISO 5814, Water quality — Determination of dissolved oxygen — Electrochemical probe method
ISO 10523, Water quality — Determination of pH
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
control batch
series of replicates containing control solution (3.2)
[ISO 20665:2008]
NOTE In this International Standard, eight replicates constitute the control batch.
3.2
control solution
mixture of test medium and of food without sample under test
[ISO 20665:2008]
3.3
effective concentration producing x % population growth inhibition
EC
x
estimated concentration of the sample giving rise to x % population growth inhibition (3.4) with respect to
the control batch (3.1)
3.4
population growth inhibition
comparison of the total number of females (offspring and mothers) at the end of the test between the control
batch (3.1) and the test batch (3.5)
3.5
test batch
series of replicates filled with the same test solution (3.6)
[ISO 20665:2008]
NOTE In this International Standard, eight replicates constitute a test batch.
3.6
test solution
mixture of test medium, of food and of sample under test
[ISO 20665:2008]
4 Principle
Female Brachionus calyciflorus, less than 2 h old at the beginning of the test, are exposed individually to a
range of concentrations of the sample under test for a period of 48 h. The test focuses on the population
growth of planktonic rotifers by parthenogenetic reproduction. At the end of the test, the number of female
rotifers is determined and, by comparison with the control, the population growth inhibition percentages are
determined for each concentration.
The data obtained allow, using a regression model, the calculation of the concentration which gives rise to x %
population growth inhibition, EC , e.g. EC , EC or EC .
x 10 20 50
2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
5 Test environment
Carry out the test in the dark, in a thermostatically controlled room or chamber so as to obtain a temperature
of (25 ± 1) °C in the test containers.
Maintain the atmosphere free from toxic dusts or vapours. This is checked by producing control solutions.
6 Reagents, test organisms and media
Use only reagents of recognised analytical grade, unless otherwise specified.
6.1 Test organisms
Females of the species Brachionus calyciflorus (Monogonota, Rotifera) are obtained from a laboratory culture
1)
(see References [3], [12], [13]) or born from commercially available cysts . Sensitivity of the test for organisms
should be performed with copper sulfate pentahydrate or sodium pentachlorophenolate (NaPCP) (see 6.5).
If cysts are used, employ first generation Brachionus calyciflorus, obtained by hatching of cysts under the
following conditions.
Transfer the cysts to a container containing the test medium (6.3), e.g. 15 mg of cysts in approximately 10 ml
of test medium. Incubate the container at (25 ± 1) °C for 18 h to 24 h, under continuous lighting of intensity
1 000 lx to 4 000 lx (7.7).
A food supply is not necessary for the hatching of the cysts. A better multiplication rate of the rotifers is,
however, achieved by adding, just after the emergence of the first neonates, algae in identical quantity to that
1)
indicated in 6.4. Alternatively, 100 µg/l of the inert food ROTIRICH can be added as pre-feeding supplement
(Reference [18]).
The animals used for the test shall be less than 2 h old, the hatching should therefore be supervised as from
17 h of incubation, then every half hour.
The test is started when the number of young rotifers is considered sufficient to perform a complete test.
EXAMPLE For a test with five concentrations and one control (i.e. 48 rotifers), this condition is generally fulfilled
about 1 h after the first hatching has been observed. Hatching time is quite stable within one laboratory, allowing hatching
to be planned in advance to provide sufficient offspring during working hours.
2)
6.2 Pure water, having a conductivity below 10 µS/cm .
6.3 Test medium, prepared by dissolving the following mineral substances in 1 l of pure water (6.2):
NaHCO 96 mg
CaSO ·2HO 60 mg
4 2
MgSO 60 mg
KCl 4 mg
This test medium corresponds to a synthetic water, of moderate hardness, i.e. 80 mg CaCO to 100 mg
CaCO per litre (see Reference [14]). Thus prepared, the medium has a pH of 7,6 ± 0,3.
Store this solution in the dark at ambient temperature and use within 7 d of preparation.
1) Dehydrated rotifer cysts and ROTIRICH are examples of suitable products available commercially. This information is
given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of these products.
2) 1 mS/m.
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20666
First edition
2008-12-15
Water quality — Determination of the
chronic toxicity to Brachionus
calyciflorus in 48 h
Qualité de l'eau — Détermination de la toxicité chronique vis-à-vis de
Brachionus calyciflorus en 48 h
Reference number
©
ISO 2008
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2008
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Principle. 2
5 Test environment. 3
6 Reagents, test organisms and media . 3
7 Apparatus . 4
8 Treatment and preparation of samples . 5
9 Procedure . 6
10 Expression of results . 9
11 Validity criteria . 10
12 Test report . 10
Annex A (informative) Preparation of the LC OLIGO medium. 12
Annex B (informative) Precision data. 14
Bibliography . 15
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 20666 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 5, Biological
methods.
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The evaluation of harmful effects on water quality has for several years involved the performance of biological
tests. Rotifera, and especially the species Brachionus calyciflorus, are of interest from the ecotoxicological
standpoint because they offer the advantage of breeding by parthenogenesis and of possessing a very short
generation time: a single mother maintained under favourable conditions over 48 h reproduces several times.
Brachionus calyciflorus is an organism of the zooplankton, which lives in fresh water. These animals are
primary consumers and serve as prey for a large number of fish larvae and invertebrates.
The test specified in this International Standard is carried out over 48 h and therefore involves at least three
reproductions from a single parent organism (see Reference [11]).
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20666:2008(E)
Water quality — Determination of the chronic toxicity to
Brachionus calyciflorus in 48 h
WARNING — Persons using this International Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory
practice. This International Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any,
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health
practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions.
IMPORTANT — It is absolutely essential that tests conducted according to this International Standard
be carried out by suitably trained staff.
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the chronic toxicity to rotifer
Brachionus calyciflorus, based on population growth inhibition in 48 h.
The method is applicable to:
a) chemical substances which are soluble or which can be maintained as stable suspensions or dispersions
under the conditions of the test;
b) industrial or sewage effluents, treated or untreated, if appropriate after decantation, filtration or
centrifugation;
c) fresh waters;
d) aqueous extracts.
This International Standard is not applicable to the testing of unstable chemicals (hydrolysing, absorbing, etc.)
in water unless exposure concentration is measured, nor to the testing of aquatic samples from the estuarine
or marine environment.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5667-16:1998, Water quality — Sampling — Part 16: Guidance on biotesting of samples
ISO 5814, Water quality — Determination of dissolved oxygen — Electrochemical probe method
ISO 10523, Water quality — Determination of pH
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
control batch
series of replicates containing control solution (3.2)
[ISO 20665:2008]
NOTE In this International Standard, eight replicates constitute the control batch.
3.2
control solution
mixture of test medium and of food without sample under test
[ISO 20665:2008]
3.3
effective concentration producing x % population growth inhibition
EC
x
estimated concentration of the sample giving rise to x % population growth inhibition (3.4) with respect to
the control batch (3.1)
3.4
population growth inhibition
comparison of the total number of females (offspring and mothers) at the end of the test between the control
batch (3.1) and the test batch (3.5)
3.5
test batch
series of replicates filled with the same test solution (3.6)
[ISO 20665:2008]
NOTE In this International Standard, eight replicates constitute a test batch.
3.6
test solution
mixture of test medium, of food and of sample under test
[ISO 20665:2008]
4 Principle
Female Brachionus calyciflorus, less than 2 h old at the beginning of the test, are exposed individually to a
range of concentrations of the sample under test for a period of 48 h. The test focuses on the population
growth of planktonic rotifers by parthenogenetic reproduction. At the end of the test, the number of female
rotifers is determined and, by comparison with the control, the population growth inhibition percentages are
determined for each concentration.
The data obtained allow, using a regression model, the calculation of the concentration which gives rise to x %
population growth inhibition, EC , e.g. EC , EC or EC .
x 10 20 50
2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
5 Test environment
Carry out the test in the dark, in a thermostatically controlled room or chamber so as to obtain a temperature
of (25 ± 1) °C in the test containers.
Maintain the atmosphere free from toxic dusts or vapours. This is checked by producing control solutions.
6 Reagents, test organisms and media
Use only reagents of recognised analytical grade, unless otherwise specified.
6.1 Test organisms
Females of the species Brachionus calyciflorus (Monogonota, Rotifera) are obtained from a laboratory culture
1)
(see References [3], [12], [13]) or born from commercially available cysts . Sensitivity of the test for organisms
should be performed with copper sulfate pentahydrate or sodium pentachlorophenolate (NaPCP) (see 6.5).
If cysts are used, employ first generation Brachionus calyciflorus, obtained by hatching of cysts under the
following conditions.
Transfer the cysts to a container containing the test medium (6.3), e.g. 15 mg of cysts in approximately 10 ml
of test medium. Incubate the container at (25 ± 1) °C for 18 h to 24 h, under continuous lighting of intensity
1 000 lx to 4 000 lx (7.7).
A food supply is not necessary for the hatching of the cysts. A better multiplication rate of the rotifers is,
however, achieved by adding, just after the emergence of the first neonates, algae in identical quantity to that
1)
indicated in 6.4. Alternatively, 100 µg/l of the inert food ROTIRICH can be added as pre-feeding supplement
(Reference [18]).
The animals used for the test shall be less than 2 h old, the hatching should therefore be supervised as from
17 h of incubation, then every half hour.
The test is started when the number of young rotifers is considered sufficient to perform a complete test.
EXAMPLE For a test with five concentrations and one control (i.e. 48 rotifers), this condition is generally fulfilled
about 1 h after the first hatching has been observed. Hatching time is quite stable within one laboratory, allowing hatching
to be planned in advance to provide sufficient offspring during working hours.
2)
6.2 Pure water, having a conductivity below 10 µS/cm .
6.3 Test medium, prepared by dissolving the following mineral substances in 1 l of pure water (6.2):
NaHCO 96 mg
CaSO ·2HO 60 mg
4 2
MgSO 60 mg
KCl 4 mg
This test medium corresponds to a synthetic water, of moderate hardness, i.e. 80 mg CaCO to 100 mg
CaCO per litre (see Reference [14]). Thus prepared, the medium has a pH of 7,6 ± 0,3.
Store this solution in the dark at ambient temperature and use within 7 d of preparation.
1) Dehydrated rotifer cysts and ROTIRICH are examples of suitable products available commercially. This information is
given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of these products.
2) 1 mS/m.
Aerate the test medium until the dissolved oxygen concentration has reached the air saturation value and until
the pH has stabilised. If necessary, adjust the pH to 7,6 ± 0,3 using a sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid
solution. The concentration of the acid or base required shall be selected so that the volume to be admixed is
as small as possible. Bring the temperature of the test medium up to (25 ± 1) °C prior to use.
6.4 Food, composed of Chlorella vulgaris algae.
The algae are grown in any suitable medium (e.g. LC OLIGO, see Annex A). They are used when the culture
6 6
is in the exponential growth phase. The algal concentration in the test shall be between 2 × 10 and 3 × 10
cells per millilitre. To achieve this, previously adjust the concentration by centrifuging the culture (e.g. for
−2
20 min at 20 000 m s ) and resuspending the algae by shaking with a sufficient volume of test medium (6.3)
7 7
in order to obtain a suspension of around 2 × 10 cells per
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 20666
Première édition
2008-12-15
Qualité de l'eau — Détermination de la
toxicité chronique vis-à-vis de
Brachionus calyciflorus en 48 h
Water quality — Determination of the chronic toxicity to Brachionus
calyciflorus in 48 h
Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2008
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© ISO 2008
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous
quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit
de l'ISO à l'adresse ci-après ou du comité membre de l'ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2008 – Tous droits réservés
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos. iv
Introduction . v
1 Domaine d'application. 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions. 2
4 Principe. 2
5 Environnement de l'essai. 3
6 Réactifs, organismes pour essai et milieux. 3
7 Appareillage . 4
8 Traitement et préparation des échantillons . 5
9 Mode opératoire . 6
10 Expression des résultats . 9
11 Critères de validité. 10
12 Rapport d'essai . 10
Annexe A (informative) Préparation du milieu LC OLIGO. 12
Annexe B (informative) Données relatives à la fidélité. 14
Bibliographie . 15
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L'ISO 20666 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 147, Qualité de l'eau, sous-comité SC 5,
Méthodes biologiques.
iv © ISO 2008 – Tous droits réservés
Introduction
La mise en évidence d'effets néfastes pour la qualité de l'eau passe, depuis plusieurs années, par la
réalisation d'essais biologiques. Les rotifères, et en particulier l'espèce Brachionus calyciflorus, sont
intéressants du point de vue écotoxicologique car ils présentent l'avantage de se reproduire par
parthénogenèse et de posséder un très court temps de génération: une seule mère maintenue dans des
conditions favorables pendant 48 h produit plusieurs pontes. Brachionus calyciflorus est un organisme du
zooplancton qui vit dans les eaux douces. Ces animaux sont des consommateurs primaires et servent de
proie à un grand nombre d'invertébrés et de larves de poisson.
L'essai spécifié dans la présente Norme internationale se déroule sur 48 h et porte donc sur au moins trois
pontes d'un seul organisme mature (voir Référence [11]).
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 20666:2008(F)
Qualité de l'eau — Détermination de la toxicité chronique vis-à-
vis de Brachionus calyciflorus en 48 h
AVERTISSEMENT — Il convient que l'utilisateur de la présente Norme internationale connaisse bien
les pratiques courantes de laboratoire. La présente Norme internationale n'a pas pour but de traiter
tous les problèmes de sécurité qui sont, le cas échéant, liés à son utilisation. Il incombe à l'utilisateur
d'établir des pratiques appropriées en matière d'hygiène et de sécurité et de s'assurer de la
conformité à la réglementation nationale en vigueur.
IMPORTANT — Il est absolument essentiel que les essais conduits conformément à la présente
Norme internationale soient effectués par du personnel ayant reçu une formation adéquate.
1 Domaine d'application
La présente Norme internationale spécifie une méthode de détermination de la toxicité chronique vis-à-vis du
rotifère Brachionus calyciflorus, basée sur l'inhibition de la croissance de la population en 48 h.
Cette méthode est applicable:
a) aux substances chimiques solubles ou pouvant être maintenues en suspension ou en dispersion stable
dans les conditions de l'essai;
b) aux effluents industriels ou aux eaux usées, traités ou non, le cas échéant après décantation, filtration ou
centrifugation;
c) aux eaux douces;
d) aux extraits aqueux.
La présente Norme internationale n'est applicable ni aux essais de produits chimiques instables dans l'eau
(hydrolysables, susceptibles d'absorber, etc.), sauf si l'on mesure la concentration d'exposition, ni aux essais
effectués sur des échantillons aquatiques provenant d'un milieu marin ou estuarien.
2 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables pour l'application du présent document. Pour les
références datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du
document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
ISO 5667-16:1998, Qualité de l'eau — Échantillonnage — Partie 16: Lignes directrices pour les essais
biologiques des échantillons
ISO 5814, Qualité de l'eau — Dosage de l'oxygène dissous — Méthode électrochimique à la sonde
ISO 10523, Qualité de l'eau — Détermination du pH
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s'appliquent.
3.1
lot témoin
série de répliques contenant la solution témoin (3.2)
[ISO 20665:2008]
NOTE Dans la présente Norme internationale, 8 répliques constituent le lot témoin.
3.2
solution témoin
mélange de milieu d'essai et de nourriture sans l'échantillon soumis à essai
[ISO 20665:2008]
3.3
concentration effective produisant x % d'inhibition de croissance de la population
CE
x
concentration estimée de l'échantillon produisant une augmentation à x % de l'inhibition de croissance de
la population (3.4) par rapport au lot témoin (3.1)
3.4
inhibition de croissance de la population
comparaison du nombre total de femelles (jeunes et mères) à la fin de l'essai, entre le lot d'essai (3.5) et le
lot témoin (3.1)
3.5
lot d'essai
série de répliques contenant la même solution d'essai (3.6)
[ISO 20665:2008]
NOTE Dans la présente Norme internationale, 8 répliques constituent un lot d'essai.
3.6
solution d'essai
mélange constitué du milieu d'essai, de nourriture et de l'échantillon soumis à essai
[ISO 20665:2008]
4 Principe
Des femelles Brachionus calyciflorus, âgées de moins de 2 h au début de l'essai, sont exposées
individuellement à une gamme de concentrations de l'échantillon soumis à essai pendant une période de 48 h.
L'essai porte sur la croissance de la population de rotifères planctoniques par reproduction parthénogénétique.
À la fin de l'essai, le nombre de rotifères femelles est déterminé et, par comparaison avec le témoin, les
pourcentages d'inhibition de croissance de la population sont déterminés pour chaque concentration.
Les données obtenues permettent, en utilisant un modèle de régression, de calculer la concentration qui
provoque x % d'inhibition de croissance de la population (CE ), par exemple CE , CE ou CE .
x 10 20 50
2 © ISO 2008 – Tous droits réservés
5 Environnement de l'essai
Réaliser l'essai à l'abri de la lumière dans une enceinte ou un local thermostaté de manière à obtenir une
température de (25 ± 1) °C dans les récipients pour essai.
Maintenir l'atmosphère exempte de vapeurs ou poussières toxiques. Cela est vérifié par la production de
solutions témoins.
6 Réactifs, organismes pour essai et milieux
Utiliser uniquement des réactifs de qualité analytique reconnue, sauf spécification contraire.
6.1 Organismes pour essai
Les femelles de l'espèce Brachionus calyciflorus (Monogonota, Rotifera) sont obtenues à partir d'un élevage
1)
de laboratoire (voir Références [3], [12], [13]) ou provenant de sporocystes disponibles sur le marché . Il
convient de procéder à une vérification de la sensibilité des organismes à l'aide de sulfate de cuivre
pentahydraté ou de pentachlorophénolate de sodium (NaPCP) (voir 6.5).
Dans le cas où l'on utilise des sporocystes, employer la première génération de Brachionus calyciflorus,
obtenue en faisant éclore des sporocystes dans les conditions suivantes.
Transférer les sporocystes dans un récipient contenant le milieu d'essai (6.3), par exemple 15 mg de
sporocystes dans environ 10 ml de milieu d'essai. Incuber le récipient à (25 ± 1) °C pendant une durée de
18 h à 24 h, dans des conditions d'éclairage continu d'intensité comprise entre 1 000 lx et 4 000 lx (7.7).
Un apport de nourriture n'est pas nécessaire à l'éclosion des sporocystes. Cependant, il est possible
d'augmenter le taux de multiplication des rotifères en ajoutant des algues, juste après l'éclosion des premiers
nouveau-nés, en quantité identique à celle indiquée en 6.4. Comme alternative, il est possible
1)
d'ajouter 100 µg/l de nourriture inerte ROTIRICH comme supplément alimentaire pour élevage
(Référence [18]).
Dans la mesure où les animaux utilisés pour l'essai doivent être âgés de moins de 2 h, il convient de surveiller
l'éclosion à partir de 17 h d'incubation, puis toutes les demi-heures.
L'essai est démarré lorsque le nombre de jeunes rotifères est jugé suffisant pour effectuer un essai complet.
EXEMPLE Pour un essai avec cinq concentrations et un témoin (soit 48 rotifères), cette condition est généralement
remplie environ 1 h après que la première éclosion a été observée. Le temps de reproduction est relativement stable au
sein d'un même laboratoire, ce qui permet une planification de la reproduction de façon à disposer d'un nombre suffisant
de jeunes durant les heures de travail.
2)
6.2 Eau pure, de conductivité inférieure à 10 µS/cm .
6.3 Milieu d'essai, préparé par dissolution des substances minérales suivantes dans 1 l d'eau pure (6.2):
NaHCO 96 mg
CaSO , 2HO 60 mg
4 2
MgSO 60 mg
KCl 4 mg
1) Des sporocystes rotifères déshydratés et du ROTIRICH sont des exemples de produits appropriés disponibles sur le
marché. Cette information est donnée à l'intention des utilisateurs de la présente Norme internationale et ne signifie
nullement que l'ISO approuve ou recommande l'empl
...
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