ISO/DPAS 25091

ISO PAS/DPAS 25091:####(X)
ISO/TC 31/WG 10
Secretariat: ANSI
Date: 2025-0308-20
Angular Sweepsweep test Methodsmethods for radio frequency
identification (RFID) enabled tyres

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ISO #####-#:####(X/DPAS 25091:(en)
Contents
Foreword . Error! Bookmark not defined.
Introduction . Error! Bookmark not defined.
1 Scope . Error! Bookmark not defined.
2 Normative references . Error! Bookmark not defined.
3 Terms and definitions . Error! Bookmark not defined.
4 Angular sweep methods(ASM) . Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1 Technical scope . Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2 General operating conditions . Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.3 Angular exploration . Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.4 Tag position on the radio frequency identification (RFID) enabled tyreError! Bookmark not
defined.
4.5 Considerations of the wheel and the immediate surroundings of the tyreError! Bookmark not
defined.
4.6 Measuring distance . Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.7 Angular sweep method (ASM) A . Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.8 Angular sweep method (ASM) B . Error! Bookmark not defined.
(informative) Angular sweep method (ASM) test report for radio frequency identification
(RFID) enabled tyres . Error! Bookmark not defined.
(informative) Angular sweep performance (ASP) indicator calculation . Error! Bookmark not
defined.
(informative) Angular sweep method (ASM) exploratory applications . Error! Bookmark not
defined.
Bibliography . Error! Bookmark not defined.

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ISO PAS/DPAS 25091:####(X:(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
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The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documentsdocument should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules
of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
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represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 31 Tyres, rims and valves.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO PAS 25091 2025 – All rights reserved
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ISO #####-#:####(X/DPAS 25091:(en)
Introduction
This document defines a methodology for approaching Read Range"read range" specifications in the domain
of radio frequency identification (RFID) enabled tyre applications and use cases.
The technical field relates to the capacity to control the communication link between a passive RFID tyre tag
in the ultra high frequency (UHF) RFID band from 860 to 930 MHz, and the corresponding RFID reader set at
a location where a communication transaction is expected.
The following context elements can support the need for defining such a methodology:
— RFID tags can potentially be implemented into tyres through different means and at different locations, as
described in ISO 20911;
— RFID Reader Configurationsreader configurations can be diverse along the whole tyre life cycle in terms
of tyre and antenna relative position, antenna count and technology, distance, orientation, and in terms of
relative movement between the tyre and the antenna(s);
— the concept of controlling the RFID enabled tyre design such a way that every tyre would produceproduces
a similar spatial read range response, for every tyre model, size, and for all the tyre brands, is unrealistic
since the typical tyre materials and constructions must differ for controlling a variety of product
functionalities, thus potentially modifying the three-dimensional tyre radio frequency signature. Although
a certain variability of this radio frequency signature between RFID enabled tyre models must be
acknowledged as part of the state of the art, it remains important to be able to define, measure, and control
it so the industry participants can assess their respective targets with a common approach:.
— aA tyre manufacturer would need tocan set minimum Read Rangeread range levels for its tyre model
designs and tyres in production. How this target should be formulated?
— a Read PointA read point provider wouldcan want to know how to select a representative RFID
enabled tyre sample so to configure the Read Pointread point design and setup;.
— a Read PointA read point owner wouldcan want to set requirements implying the above parties. What
common language should be used so all the parties understand each other?
— Asas the technology is ramping up within the industry, while onboarding many participants among the
technology or solution providers, Read Pointread point owners and tyre manufacturers, all looking for the
adequate specifications; it can be perceived as a strong need for:
— providing clarity during the specification discussions between the participants;
— better guiding the design and setup of Read Pointread point configurations.
This document describes a so-called an angular sweep performance (ASP (Angular Sweep Performance)
indicator) which ambition is, intended to embrace a significantly increased set of Read Pointread point
configurations when compared to the only Stand-Alonestand-alone tyre described in ISO 20912. It is
acknowledged that an increased complexity is created through the introduction of one new but major angular
parameter which is intended to open the road to a simplification of the specification approaches on Read
Rangesread ranges and provide with an answer for more common use cases.
The performance indicator is used on a broad category of RFID read points, in order to:
— predict if one specific RFID enabled tyre can successfully pass onto a given pre-defined read point
configuration;
© ISO #### 2025 – All rights reserved
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ISO PAS/DPAS 25091:####(X:(en)
— select a representative RFID enabled tyre sample for designing or setting up a new read point.
Methods described in ISO 20912 allow conformance verification on the minimum read range requirement
providedspecified in ISO 20909, while the Angular Sweep PerformanceASP indicator and the corresponding
ASM Methodsmethods described in PAS 25091this document allow read range specification construction on
a variety of Read Pointread point applications.
During the development of this document, attention was paid on the key parameters influencing the test
results based on the state of knowledge and practice of the contributing participants. were taken into
consideration. However, othersother parameters remain unspecified. Therefore, a testing lab maycan set
those parameters to their discretion to perform the method.
This document does not set the actual Read Rangeread range requirement targets for the corresponding Read
Pointsread points, neither it does for the RFID enabled tyres.
The associated ASM method is proposed at two 2 levels of definition, so morethat experience can be gained
and shared within the industry. An International Standard couldcan be initiated at a later stage, when the
participants have gained more experience and have identified ways to optimize and improve.
© ISO PAS 25091 2025 – All rights reserved
vii
Angular Sweepsweep test Methods for methods for radio
frequency identification (RFID) enabled tyres
1 Scope
The document definesspecifies an overall Read Rangeread range performance indicator and its
associated measurement methods for radio frequency identification (RFID) enabled tyres
described in ISO 20911 and tagged in ISO 20909.
The ultra high frequency(UHF) RFID band used covers from 860 to 930 MHz. Methods
applyapplying to passenger cars, light commercial and truck vehicles classes of tyres as defined in
subclause 4.1clause 4.1. .
Performance indicator is to be used on a broad category of RFID Read Points so to:
- predict if one specific RFID enabled tyre can successfully pass onto a given pre-defined
Read Point configuration;
- select a representative RFID enabled tyre sample for designing or setting up a new Read
Point.
Methods described have not been investigated for tyres beyond tyre classes defined in
subclause 4.1clause 4.1.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
ISO 20912, Conformance test methods for RFID enabled tyres
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
ASP
angular sweep performance indicator
EIRPminASP
minimum effective isotropic radiated power threshold (EIRPMin) value set at a reference distance
of 1 meter and at athe best angular orientation
3.2
antenna reference point
physical extremity of an antenna
© ISO #### 2025 – All rights reserved
DRAFT - ISO PAS 25091
Note 1 to entry: Antenna The antenna reference point contributes to setting the actual measurement
distance.
3.3 RSSI
received signal strength indicator
RSSI
indicative, non-calibrated value of the received power at the reader input
Note 1 to entry: This is the power backscattered by the tag towards the reader and measured at the reader
input. RSSI is sometimes used to determine a tag's distance, as the signal is stronger from a tag that is closer
to the reader antenna, however, the reflections and attenuation due to different materials maycan distort
it.
[SOURCE: ISO 20912:2020], clause , 3.4]
3.4
read point configuration
system configuration designed for operating either a transaction and/or communication, or both,
between the RFID tag and the reader
Note 1 to entry: Key read point configuration parameters described in the scope of this document belong to
the positioning and the relative movement between the RFID enabled tyre and the antenna(s).
3.5 EIRP
equivalent isotropic radiated power
EIRP
product of the power supplied to the antenna and the maximum antenna gain in one d
...