ISO 15638-23:2025

International
Standard
ISO 15638-23
First edition
Intelligent transport systems —
2025-04
Framework for collaborative
telematics applications for
regulated commercial freight
vehicles (TARV) —
Part 23:
Tyre pressure monitoring (TPM)
Systèmes intelligents de transport — Cadre pour applications
télématiques collaboratives pour véhicules de fret commercial
réglementé (TARV) —
Partie 23: Suivi de la pression des pneus
Reference number
© ISO 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .vi
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 7
5 Conformance . 8
6 General overview and framework requirements . 9
6.1 General .9
6.2 TARV general principals . .9
6.3 Tyre pressure monitoring systems (TPMS) .9
6.3.1 General .9
6.3.2 Types of TPMS .9
6.3.3 TPMS regulations and International Standards .10
6.3.4 Technological and legislational feasibility of TPMS for commercial vehicles. . 13
6.3.5 Conformance requirements for TARV-TPM systems . 13
6.3.6 Unique identification of wheels . 13
6.4 TARV-TPM application profiles .17
6.4.1 General .17
6.4.2 Minimum functionalities .18
6.4.3 Application profile A1: the cyclical initiation of TPM message by on-board
equipment (TPM-C) .18
6.4.4 Application profile A2: the exceptional initiation of TPM message by on-board
equipment (TPM-E) .18
6.4.5 Application profile A3: the provision of TPM data as the result of an off-board
request (TPM-R) .18
6.4.6 Application profile A4: the provision of TPM data as the result of an off-board
reading of tyre pressures of vehicles which can potentially be unequipped
(TPM-O) .19
6.5 TARV-TPM communication profiles .19
6.5.1 General .19
6.5.2 Overview of Communication profile C1: remote inspection addressed via an
ITS-station instigating a download of data to an application service provider
via a C-ITS-station (as defined in ISO 15638-2/ISO 21217) .19
6.5.3 Overview of Communication profile C2: remote inspection addressed via
a packet switched cellular network (3G LTE, 4G LTE, 5G SRE) instigating
a download of data to an application service provider via a wireless
communications interface. .21
6.5.4 Overview of Communication profiles C3 and C4: short-range wireless
communication interrogator instigating a physical roadside inspection
(primary:-:secondary) . 23
6.5.5 Overview of Communication profile C3: roadside inspection using a short-
range wireless communication interrogator, instigating a download of data to
an application service provider — Communication profile C3a . 25
6.5.6 Overview of Communication Profile C4: Roadside inspection using a short-
range wireless communication interrogator, instigating a physical roadside
inspection (primary-:-secondary) — Communication profile C4a . 26
6.5.7 Communication profile C5: roadside inspection using in-road equipment .27
6.6 Communications requirements .27
6.6.1 General communications requirements .27
6.6.2 Communications profile C1 requirements . 28
6.6.3 Communications profile C2 requirements . 28
6.6.4 Communications profiles C3 and C4 provisions . 28

iii
6.6.5 Communication profile C5 requirements . 29
7 Requirements for services using generic vehicle data .29
8 Application services that require data in addition to basic vehicle data .29
8.1 General . 29
8.2 Quality of service requirements . 29
8.3 Test requirements. 29
8.4 Marking, labelling and packaging. 29
9 Common features of regulated TARV application services .30
9.1 General . 30
9.2 Communication profiles C1 and C2 . 30
9.3 Communication profiles C3 and C4 .31
9.4 Common role of the jurisdiction, approval authority, service provider and user .32
9.5 Common characteristics for instantiations of regulated application services .32
9.6 Common sequence of operations for regulated application services .32
9.7 Quality of service . .32
9.8 Information security .32
9.9 Structure of TPM data .32
9.10 Data naming content and quality . 33
9.11 Software engineering quality systems . 33
9.12 Quality monitoring station . 33
9.13 Audits . 33
9.14 Data access control policy . 33
9.15 Approval of IVSs and service providers . 33
10 Tyre pressure monitoring (TPM) .34
10.1 TARV-TPM service description and scope . 34
10.1.1 Generic TARV-TPM use case via the application service provider . 34
10.1.2 TPM-tyre pressure monitoring system on-board (TPM-C, TPM-E, TPM-R) . 35
10.1.3 Storage of the TPM data on-board the vehicle . 35
10.1.4 Off-board tyre pressure monitoring system roadway (TPM-O) . 35
10.1.5 TPM inspection and communication profiles . 35
10.1.6 Use case of tyre pressure monitoring inspection by an inspector of the
jurisdiction using short-range equipment (Communication profiles C3 and C4) . 36
10.2 Description of TARV-TPM regulated application service. 36
10.3 Concept of operations for TARV-TPM . 38
10.3.1 General . 38
10.3.2 Statement of the goals and objectives of the TARV-TPM system . 38
10.3.3 Strategies, tactics, policies and constraints affecting the TARV-TPM system. 38
10.3.4 Organizations, activities and interactions among participants and stakeholders
of TARV-TPM . . 39
10.3.5 Statement of responsibilities and authorities delegated for TARV-TPM . 40
10.3.6 Equipment required for TARV-TPM .42
10.3.7 Operational processes for the TARV-TPM system .43
10.3.8 Role of the jurisdiction for TARV-TPM . 44
10.3.9 Role of the TARV-TPM prime service provider . 44
10.3.10 Role of the TARV-TPM application service provider . 44
10.3.11 Role of the TARV-TPM user . 44
10.3.12 Generic characteristics for all instantiations of the TARV tyre pressure
monitoring (TPM) application service . 44
10.4 Sequence of operations for TARV-TPM .45
10.4.1 General .45
10.5 TARV-TPM service elements (SE) . . . 46
10.5.1 TARV-TPM SE 1: Establish "tyre pressure monitoring" regulations, requirements
and approval arrangements . 46
10.5.2 TARV-TPM SE2: Request system approval .47
10.5.3 TARV-TPM SE3: User (operator) contracts with prime service provider .47
10.5.4 TARV-TPM SE4: User (operator) equips vehicle with a tyre pressure monitoring
system .47

iv
10.5.5 TARV-TPM SE5: User contracts with application service provider .47
10.5.6 TARV-TPM SE6: Application service provider uploads software into the TARV-
equipped vehicles of the operator .47
10.5.7 TARV-TPM SE7: Create data .47
10.5.8 TARV-TPM-C SE8: Pre-programmed cyclical interval sending tyre pressure
monitoring data to application service provider (Communication profiles C1
and C2).47
10.5.9 SE9: TPM-R "Interrogated" request for tyre pressure monitoring data . 48
10.5.10 TARV-TPM SE11: End of session . 50
10.5.11 Provision of TPM data as the result of an off-board reading of tyre pressures of
vehicles which are potentially unequipped (TPM-O): Application profile A4 . 50
10.6 Generic TARV-TPM data naming, content and quality . 50
10.7 TPM data content . 50
10.8 TARV-TPM application-service-specific provisions for quality of service . 50
10.9 TARV-TPM application-service-specific provisions for test requirements .51
10.10 TARV-TPM application-specific rules for the approval of IVSs and service providers .51
11 Declaration of patents and intellectual property .51
Annex A (informative) TPM communication and transaction profiles .52
Annex B (normative) Communication profile for 5,8 GHz DSRC communications.54
Annex C (normative) TARV-TPM data definition .55
Bibliography .73

v
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.
A list of all parts in the ISO 15638 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

vi
Introduction
Many ITS technologies have been embraced by commercial transport operators and freight owners in
the areas of fleet management, safety and security. Telematics applications have also been developed for
governmental use. Such regulatory services in use or being considered vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction,
but include electronic on-board recorders, digital tachograph on-board mass monitoring, "mass" data for
regulatory control and management, tyre pressure monitoring, vehicle access methods, hazardous goods
tracking and eCall. Additional applications with a regulatory impact currently under development include
fatigue management, speed monitoring and vehicle penalties imposed based on location, distance and time.
The ISO 15638 series addresses and defines the framework for a range of cooperative telematics applications
for regulated vehicles such as access methods, driver fatigue management, speed monitoring, on-board
mass monitoring, remote tachograph monitoring, ADR (agreement concerning the international carriage of
dangerous goods by road) management, etc. The overall scope includes the concept of operation, legal and
regulatory issues, and the generic cooperative provision of services to regulated vehicles, using an on-board
ITS platform. The framework is based on a (multiple) service-provider oriented approach with provisions
for the approval and auditing of service providers.
The ISO 15638 series provides both the means to achieve current requirements for telematics applications
for regulated vehicles, and a basis for the future development of cooperative telematics applications for
regulated vehicles.
The ISO 15638 series has been developed over several years with the objective of enabling telematics
applications with whatever wireless communications are available at a given time and location, and
providing a migration path to the cooperative ITS technologies and techniques that are steadily emerging.
Many new freight tractors/trucks use “tyre pressure monitoring systems” (TPMSs) to inform the operator
of whether or not tyres on the vehicle are properly inflated (or are missing entirely). However, older freight
tractors/trucks and most trailers do not use this technology. As a result, many freight vehicles operate
with underinflated or missing tyres. These vehicles are potentially unsafe as their braking performance is
degraded, their stability is compromised, their fuel efficiency is reduced, thus increasing greenhouse gas
emissions, and they are non-compliant with roadway and bridge weight limitations, thus reducing pavement
and bridge life resulting in increased roadway infrastructure costs. This document is designed to improve
freight vehicle road transport safety and timely freight delivery while reducing accidents.
This document addresses the realization of safer road transport for freight vehicles utilizing the existing
[22]
ISO 15638 series basic architecture framework, together with ISO 21750 and UNECE Regulation 141.
In the system described in this document, a vehicle on-board sensor identifies whether a tyre is underinflated
or missing and provides these data to an in-vehicle system (IVS). Either at predetermined intervals, upon
registering an anomaly, or on request from the service provider, the IVS sends the most recent TPMS data to
a predetermined address provided by the service provider.
The service provider notifies vehicle operators or commercial vehicle enforcement agencies in order for
corrective action to be taken to correct the tyre deficiency, as necessary.
This document provides specifications for tyre pressure monitoring and supports several defined
communication profiles by which this function may be performed.
As with other parts of the ISO 15638 series, this document neither prescribes nor proscribes particular
modes of operation, but instead provides a number of defined communication and data profiles within which
jurisdictions and operators can achieve their objectives for tyre pressure monitoring within the objectives
and constraints of their regulations. This document recognizes that those requirements and constraints will
differ between jurisdictions.
NOTE 1 The ISO 15638 series has been developed for use in the context of regulated commercial freight vehicles
(hereinafter referred to as "regulated vehicles"). There is nothing however to prevent a jurisdiction extending or
adapting the scope to include other types of regulated vehicles, as it deems appropriate.

vii
NOTE 2 The definition of what comprises a "regulated" vehicle is regarded as an issue for national decision and can
vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. The ISO 15638 series does not impose any requirements on nations in respect of
how they define a regulated vehicle.
NOTE 3 The definition of what comprises a "regulated" service is regarded as an issue for national decision and
can vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. The ISO 15638 series does not impose any requirements on nations in
respect of which services for regulated vehicles jurisdictions will require, or support as an option. Instead, it provides
standardized sets of requirements for identified services to enable consistent and cost efficient implementations
where implemented.
Subsequent versions of this document will potentially be able to support additional communication profiles.
NOTE 4 Jurisdictions requiring and regulating the use of remotely-monitored TPM systems are recommended
to specifically regulate to determine which communications profiles are required to be supported, and can also
wish to regulate regarding which application profiles are required to be supported. It is further recommended (but
not required) that jurisdictions whose regulations require support of Communication profile C3 for regulatory
enforcement purposes also at least encourage the ability to technically support Communication profile C1 in addition
(for later potential migration purposes).

viii
International Standard ISO 15638-23:2025(en)
Intelligent transport systems — Framework for collaborative
telematics applications for regulated commercial freight
vehicles (TARV) —
Part 23:
Tyre pressure monitoring (TPM)
1 Scope
This document addresses the provision of tyre pressure monitoring (TPM) services. It specifies the form
and content of the transmission data required to support TPM systems (TPMS) and the access methods for
these data.
This document provides specifications for common communications and data exchange aspects of the TPM
application service that a jurisdiction regulator or operator can elect to require or support as an option,
including:
a) a high-level definition of the service that a service provider has to provide [the service definition
describes common service elements (SEs), but does not specify the detail of how such an application
service is instantiated, nor the acceptable value ranges of the data concepts defined];
b) the means to realize the service;
c) application data naming, content and quality that an in-vehicle system (IVS) has to deliver, including
a number of TPM profiles or data (noting that requirements and constraints of what can/cannot be
transmitted over the air can vary between jurisdictions);
d) support for a number of defined communication profiles to enable remote inspection.
This document provides specifications for the following application profiles:
— Application profile A1: the cyclical initiation of TPM message by on-board equipment (TPM-C).
— Application profile A2: the exceptional initiation of TPM message by on-board equipment (TPM-E).
— Application profile A3: the provision of TPM data as the result of an off-board request (TPM-R).
— Application profile A4: The provision of TPM data as the result of an off-board reading of tyre pressures
of vehicles which can potentially be unequipped (TPM-O).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 15638-1, Intelligent transport systems — Framework for collaborative Telematics Applications for Regulated
commercial freight Vehicles (TARV) — Part 1: Framework and architecture
ISO 15638-2, Intelligent transport systems — Framework for collaborative Telematics Applications for Regulated
commercial freight Vehicles (TARV) — Part 2: Common platform parameters using CALM

ISO 15638-3, Intelligent transport systems — Framework for collaborative telematics applications for regulated
commercial freight vehicles (TARV) — Part 3: Operating requirements, 'Approval Authority' procedures, and
enforcement provisions for the providers of regulated services
ISO/TS 15638-4, Intelligent transport systems — Framework for cooperative telematics applications for
regulated vehicles (TARV) — System security requirements
ISO 15638-5:2013, Intelligent transport systems — Framework for collaborative Telematics Applications for
Regulated commercial freight Vehicles (TARV) — Part 5: Generic vehicle information
ISO 15638-6, Intelligent transport systems — Framework for collaborative Telematics Applications for
Regulated commercial freight Vehicles (TARV) — Part 6: Regulated applications
ISO 21177, Intelligent transport systems — ITS station security services for secure session establishment and
authentication between trusted devices
UN Regulation No. 141 Tyre Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS): Uniform provisions concerning the
approval of vehicles with regard to their Tyre Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS)
3GPP 21.101 Technical Specifications and Technical Reports for a UTRAN-based 3GPP system (Release 8)
3GPP 36 300 LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial
Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) (Release 10)
3GPP 23.501 System architecture for the 5G System (5GS) (Release 17)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 15638-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
app
small (usually) Java™ applets, organized as software bundles, that support application services by keeping
the data pantry provisioned with up to date data
Note 1 to entry: Java™ is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the
convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
3.2
application profile
characteristics and specification of the information and transaction detail required to meet a set of user needs
Note 1 to entry: Within the common high-level framework of this document, the application profile allows different
jurisdictions to receive different details of transactions or to specify a particular communications means.
3.3
application service
service provided by a service provider enabled by accessing data from the in-vehicle system (IVS) of a
regulated vehicle via a wireless communications network
3.4
application service provider
ASP
party that provides an application service

3.5
app library
separately secure area of memory in an in-vehicle system (IVS) where apps are stored
Note 1 to entry: The app library has different access controls to the data pantry.
3.6
approval
formal affirmation that an applicant has satisfied all the requirements for appointment as an application
service provider or that an application service delivers the required service levels
3.7
approval agreement
written agreement made between an approval authority (regulatory) and a service provider
Note 1 to entry: An approval authority (regulatory) approval agreement recognizes the fact that a service provider
,
having satisfied the approval authority’s requirements for appointment as a service provider, is appointed in that
capacity, and sets out the legal obligations of the parties with respect to the on-going role of the service provider.
3.8
approval authority (regulatory)
organization (usually independent) which conducts approvals and ongoing audits for service providers on
behalf of a jurisdiction
3.9
architecture
formalized description of the design of the structure of telematics applications for regulated vehicles (TARV)
and its framework
3.10
audit
auditing
review of a party’s capacity to meet, or continue to meet, the initial and ongoing approval agreements as a
service provider
3.11
basic vehicle data
data that are required to be maintained/provided by all in-vehicle systems (IVS), regardless of jurisdiction
3.12
CALM
communications access for land mobiles
layered solution that enables continuous or quasi continuous communications between vehicles and
the infrastructure, or between vehicles, using such (multiple) wireless telecommunications media as are
available in any particular location and which have the ability to migrate to a different available media
where required
Note 1 to entry: Within this context, media selection is at the discretion of user-determined parameters based on
ISO 21217 architecture and ISO 21210 C-ITS-station networking. This provides a common platform for a number
of standardized media using ITS-stations to provide wireless support for applications, such that the application is
independent of any particular wireless medium.
3.13
cold tyre inflation pressure
tyre pressure at ambient temperature, in the absence of any pressure build-up due to tyre usage
3.14
commercial application
intelligent transport systems (ITS) application in regulated vehicles for commercial (non-regulated)
purposes
EXAMPLE Asset tracking, vehicle and engine monitoring, cargo security, driver management.

3.15
communications profile
characteristics and specification of the communication detail required to meet a set of user needs using a
selected wireless medium
3.16
core data
basic vehicle data plus any additional data required to provide an implemented regulated application service
3.17
data pantry
secure area of memory in in-vehicle systems (IVS) where data values are stored, with different access
controls to the app library
3.18
driver
person driving the regulated vehicle at any specific point in time
3.19
facilities layer
layer that sits on top of the communication stack and helps to provide data interoperability and reuse, and to
manage applications and enable dynamic real time loading of new applications
3.20
framework
particular set of beliefs or ideas, or both, referred to in order to describe a scenario or solve a problem
3.21
in-vehicle system
IVS
ITS-station or connected tyre pressure monitoring (TPM) equipment, or both, on-board a vehicle during
vehicle usage
3.22
interrogator
off-board device which can establish a wireless communications session with the in-vehicle system (IVS),
including 5,8 GHz dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), and which can request the provision of
tyre pressure monitoring (TPM) data
Note 1 to entry: This is often a mobile device under the control of an agent of the jurisdiction.
3.23
ITS-station
ITS-s
entity in a communication network, comprised of application, facilities layer, and networking and access
layer components (as specified in ISO 21217) that operate within a bounded secure management domain
3.24
Java™
object oriented open source operating language developed by SUN systems
Note 1 to entry: Java™ is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the
convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
3.25
jurisdiction
government, road or traffic authority which owns the regulatory applications
EXAMPLE Country, state, city council, road authority, government department (customs, treasury, transport, etc.).

3.26
jurisdiction regulator
agent of the jurisdiction appointed to regulate and manage telematics applications for regulated vehicles
(TARV) within the domain of the jurisdiction
Note 1 to entry: The jurisdiction regulator can also be, but is not necessarily, the approval authority (regulatory).
3.27
maximum axle load
maximum value, as indicated by the manufacturer, of the total vertical force between the contact surfaces of
the tyres or tracks of one axle and the ground, resulting from the part of the vehicle mass supported by that axle
Note 1 to entry: This load can be higher than the "authorized axle load" laid down by the national administration. The
sum of the axle loads can be greater than the value corresponding to the total mass of the vehicle.
3.28
operator
fleet manager of a regulated vehicle
Note 1 to entry: The operator also handles interrogation equipment.
3.29
physical roadside inspection
physical inspection of the tyre pressure monitoring (TPM) data of a stopped vehicle by agents of the
application service provider
Note 1 to entry: The agents of the application service provider are usually police or inspectors appointed by the
jurisdiction.
3.30
prime service provider
service provider who is the first contractor to provide regulated application services to the regulated
vehicle, or a nominated successor on termination of that initial contract
Note 1 to entry: The prime service provider is also responsible for maintaining the installed in-vehicle system (IVS).
If the IVS was not installed during the manufacture of the vehicle, the prime service provider is also responsible for
installing and commissioning the IVS.
3.31
profile
common and consistent elaboration of content and sequence of a set of chosen classes, conforming subsets,
options, parameters, and/or data concepts to accomplish a particular function/specification
3.32
recommended cold tyre inflation pressure
ρ
rec
pressure recommended for each tyre position by the vehicle manufacturer, for the intended service
conditions (e.g. speed and load) of the given vehicle, as defined on the vehicle placard or the vehicle owner's
manual, or both
3.33
regulated application
regulatory application
application arrangement using telematics applications for regulated vehicles (TARV) utilized by jurisdictions
for granting certain categories of commercial vehicles rights to operate in regulated circumstances subject
to certain conditions, or indeed to permit a vehicle to operate within the jurisdiction
Note 1 to entry: This may be mandatory or voluntary at the discretion of the jurisdiction.

3.34
regulated application service
telematics applications for regulated vehicles (TARV) application service intended to meet the requirements
of a regulated application that is mandated by a regulation imposed by a jurisdiction or is an option
,
supported by a jurisdiction
3.35
regulated vehicle
vehicle that is subject to regulations determined by the jurisdiction as to its use on the road system of the
jurisdiction in regulated circumstances, subject to certain conditions, and in compliance with specific
regulations for that class of regulated vehicle
Note 1 to entry: At the discretion of jurisdictions, this can require the provision of information via telematics
applications for regulated vehicles (TARV) or provide the option to do so.
3.36
service provider
party which is certified by an approval authority (regulatory) as being suitable to provide regulated or
commercial ITS application services
3.37
session
wireless communication exchange between the ITS-station of an
...