ISO 17096:2015

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17096
First edition
2015-08-01
Cranes — Safety — Load lifting
attachments
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue — Sécurité — Accessoires
de préhension
Reference number
©
ISO 2015
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Safety requirements and/or measures . 7
4.1 General requirements . 7
4.1.1 Mechanical load bearing parts . 7
4.1.2 Controls . 7
4.1.3 Handles . 7
4.1.4 Requirements for slings which are integrated . 7
4.1.5 Stability during storage . 8
4.2 Specific requirements for each category of attachment . 8
4.2.1 Plate clamps . 8
4.2.2 Vacuum lifters . . 8
4.2.3 Lifting magnets .10
4.2.4 C-hooks .11
4.2.5 Lifting forks .11
4.2.6 Lifting beams .12
4.2.7 Clamps .13
5 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures .14
5.1 General .14
5.2 Proof of fatigue strength by testing .18
5.3 Minimum classification .19
6 Information for use .19
6.1 Instruction handbook .19
6.1.1 General information .19
6.1.2 Specific information .19
6.1.3 Guidance for maintenance .22
6.1.4 Verifications and inspections .23
6.2 Marking .23
6.2.1 General.23
6.2.2 Minimum marking .23
6.2.3 Additional marking .23
Annex A (normative) General verification methods .25
Annex B (normative) Verification methods for plate clamps .27
Annex C (normative) Verification methods for vacuum filters .31
Annex D (normative) Verification methods for lifting magnets .37
Annex E (normative) Verification methods for lifting beams .42
Annex F (normative) Verification methods for lifting forks .44
Annex G (normative) Verification methods for clamps .45
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 96, Cranes, Subcommittee SC 9, Bridge and
gantry cranes.
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

Introduction
This International Standard covers a wide range of non-fixed load lifting attachments which have never
previously been standardized by ISO. The lack of previous standards as a starting point, together with
the wide scope of the equipment covered and the wide variety of current practices, among the established
manufacturers made this International Standard particularly difficult to draft and to get agreement on.
Nevertheless, considerable progress has been made up to the point where the parties involved are now
sufficiently in agreement to enable the first draft of this International Standard to be prepared. The ISO
technical subcommittee SC 9 which is responsible for the preparation of this International Standard is
of the view that while further development may be required, this International Standard, in its present
form, contains much useful information to guide the manufacturers and it represents an important step
forward. Experience of applying this International Standard will doubtless reveal some matters which,
with the benefit of hindsight, have not been adequately dealt with and will need to be reconsidered in
the next edition. In particular, readers are advised to exercise a degree of caution about the rigour of
some of the verification clauses.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17096:2015(E)
Cranes — Safety — Load lifting attachments
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies safety requirements for the following non-fixed load lifting
attachments for cranes, hoists, and manually controlled load manipulating devices as defined in Clause 3:
— plate clamps;
— vacuum lifters;
— self priming,
— non-self-priming (pump, venturi, turbine);
— electric lifting magnets (battery-fed and main-fed);
— permanent lifting magnets;
— electro-permanent lifting magnets;
— lifting beams/spreader beams;
— C-hooks;
— lifting forks;
— clamps.
This International Standard does not specify the additional requirements for the following:
a) load lifting attachments in direct contact with foodstuffs or pharmaceuticals requiring a high level
of cleanliness for hygiene reasons;
b) hazards resulting from handling hazardous materials (e.g. explosives, hot molten masses,
radiating materials);
c) hazards caused by operation in an explosive atmosphere;
d) hazards caused by noise;
e) electrical hazards;
f) hazards due to hydraulic and pneumatic components.
This International Standard does not cover attachments intended to lift people.
This International Standard does not cover slings, ladles, expanding mandrels, buckets, grabs or grab
buckets, and container spreaders.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4306-1, Cranes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General
ISO 4309, Cranes — Wire ropes — Care and maintenance, inspection and discard
ISO 4778, Chain slings of welded construction — Grades M (4), S (6) and T (8)
ISO 7531, Wire rope slings for general purposes — Characteristics and specifications
ISO 7593, Chain slings assembled by methods other than welding — Grade T (8)
ISO 7731, Ergonomics — Danger signals for public and work areas — Auditory danger signals
ISO 8686, Cranes — Design principles for loads and load combinations
ISO 11428, Ergonomics — Visual danger signals — General requirements, design and testing
ISO 11429, Ergonomics — System of auditory and visual danger and information signals
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Part 1: Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 13854, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
ISO 20332, Cranes — Proof of competence of steel structures
IEC 60204-32, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines
EN 1492-1, Textile slings — Safety — Part 1: Flat woven webbing slings made of man-made fibres for
general purpose use
EN 1492-2, Textile slings — Safety — Part 2: Roundslings made of man-made fibres for general purpose use
EN 1492-4, Textile slings — Safety — Part 4: Lifting slings for general service made from natural and man-
made fibre ropes
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4306-1, ISO 12100, and the
following apply.
3.1
adhesion force
force required to remove the load from a vacuum lifter (3.21) at the upper limit of specified pressure range
3.2
C-hook
equipment in the form of a “C” used for lifting hollow loads
EXAMPLE Coils and pipes among others.
Figure 1 — Example of a C-hook
2 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

3.3
design factor
arithmetic ratio between the minimum failure load of the lifting attachment and its working load
limit (WLL) (3.22)
3.4
clamp
equipment used to handle loads by clamping on a specific part of the load
Figure 2 — Example of a clamp
3.5
exclusion area
area from which persons are excluded for the purpose of safety whilst lifting operations are in progress
3.6
exposure area
area where personnel may be exposed to hazards arising from a lifting operation
3.7
individual verification
verification carried out on every item produced
3.8
lifting beam
equipment consisting of one or several members equipped with various attachment points in order to
distribute the force as required by the characteristics of the handled loads
Figure 3 — Example of a lifting beam
3.9
lifting forks
equipment consisting of two or more arms connected to an upright with an upper arm used to lift
palletized or similar loads
Figure 4 — Example of lifting forks
3.10 lifting magnet
Figure 5 — Example of a lifting magnet
3.10.1
electric lifting magnet
equipment with a magnetic field generated by an electric current creating sufficient force for gripping,
holding, and handling loads with ferro-magnetic properties
3.10.2
permanent lifting magnet
equipment with a permanent magnetic field which creates sufficient force for gripping, holding, and
handling loads with ferro-magnetic properties
Note 1 to entry: The magnetic field or load holding is controlled by mechanical means.
3.10.3
electro-permanent lifting magnet
equipment with a permanent magnetic field which creates sufficient force for gripping, holding, and
handling loads with ferro-magnetic properties
Note 1 to entry: The magnetic field is controlled by an electric current which is not required to sustain the
magnetic field.
3.11
minimum working load
minimum load that the non-fixed load lifting attachment (3.13) is designed to lift under the conditions
specified by the manufacturer
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3.12
no-go area
area from which persons are excluded during normal operation
3.13
non-fixed load lifting attachment
lifting attachment which can be fitted directly or indirectly to the hook or any other coupling device of
a crane, hoist, or manually controlled manipulating device by the user without affecting the integrity of
the crane, hoist, or manually controlled manipulating device
3.14
plate clamps
non-powered gripping device designed for lifting and turning plates or sections
Note 1 to entry: The gripping action or clamping force is achieved with a mechanical leverage or cam action
enabling the cam to clamp (3.4) the section on to a pad.
Note 2 to entry: Vertical plate clamps are used to lift plates or sections in a vertical plane or from the horizontal
to the vertical plane.
Note 3 to entry: Horizontal plate clamps are used to lift plates in a horizontal plane.
Figure 6 — Example of plate clamps
3.15
positive holding device
device making a direct mechanical connection to hold the load and which does not rely solely on friction,
suction, or magnetic adhesion to hold the load
3.16
secondary positive holding device
device to hold loads if the primary holding means fails and which does not rely on friction, suction, or
magnetic adhesion to the load
3.17
tear-off force
force applied at a right angle to the plane of the magnet poles which is required to detach the load from
the switched-on magnet
3.18
tongs
equipment for lifting loads by clamping forces, positive locking, or by frictional connection and positive
locking which act between gripping elements such as tongs arms or jaws, pressure plates, or centres
3.19
two-action control
control which, in order to be operative, requires the performance of two separate actions with one or
two hands, such as the following:
a) operation of two separate hold-to-run controls;
b) sequential operation of two movements of a control device;
c) previous unlocking of the control with self-locking in the neutral position
3.20
type verification
verification carried out on one or more samples representative of a particular design and size of product
before it is first placed on the market
Note 1 to entry: Although the term “type verification” is normally associated with series produced equipment, for
the purpose of this International Standard, it also applies to single unit produced attachment.
3.21
vacuum lifter
suction pad
equipment which includes one or more suction pads operating by vacuum
3.21.1
self-priming vacuum lifter
vacuum lifter (3.21) using the load to create the vacuum
Figure 7 — Example of a self-priming vacuum lifter
3.21.2
non-self-priming vacuum lifter
vacuum lifter (3.21) using an external source of energy
Figure 8 — Example of a non-self-priming vacuum lifter
3.22
working load limit
WLL
maximum load the load lifting attachment is designed to lift under the conditions specified by the
manufacturer
6 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

4 Safety requirements and/or measures
4.1 General requirements
The attachment shall comply with the safety requirements and/or measures of this subclause. In
addition, the attachment shall be designed according to the principles of ISO 12100 for relevant hazards
which are not dealt with by this International Standard.
4.1.1 Mechanical load bearing parts
4.1.1.1 Requirements for static strength
The mechanical load bearing parts shall have a mechanical strength to fulfil the following requirements:
a) the attachment shall be designed to withstand a static load of three times the WLL without releasing
the load even if permanent deformation occurs;
b) the attachment shall be designed to withstand a static load of twice the working load limit without
permanent deformation.
Attachments shall be designed to function properly if tilted to an angle of at least 6°. Attachments
designed to tilt shall be designed to function properly if tilted to an angle of at least 6° greater than the
maximum working angle.
4.1.1.2 Requirements for fatigue strength
The proof of fatigue strength shall be based on the group classification for the load lifting attachment
in accordance with ISO 8686. The class shall be marked in the lifting device or in the accompanying
documentation together with the WLL.
The stress ranges used in the fatigue assessment shall be based on the following maximum loadings:
a) vertical force is the gravity force related to the WLL plus the own weight of the lifting device
multiplied with a dynamic coefficient typical for the application of the lifting device in question.
This dynamic coefficient shall be specified in the documentation by the manufacturer;
b) horizontal force is a typical horizontal force that may be applied to the lifting device or the lifted
load simultaneously with the dynamic effect in vertical direction.
The minimum stresses for the stress ranges shall be taken as zero unless the lifting device’s own weight
is more than 20 % of the WLL and the weight of the lifting device is not placed on the lifted load or
ground during normal work cycles.
The calculation of the limit fatigue strengths of structural details shall be in accordance with the
appropriate part of ISO 8686 and ISO 20332.
4.1.2 Controls
The electrical controls of the attachment shall be in accordance with IEC 60204-32.
4.1.3 Handles
An attachment that is intended to be guided manually shall be equipped with handle(s) arranged so that
finger injuries are avoided. Handles are not required where features exist to provide natural handholds.
4.1.4 Requirements for slings which are integrated
Slings which are an integrated part of the attachment shall be in accordance with ISO 4778, ISO 7531,
EN 1492-1, EN 1492-2, and EN 1492-4 as appropriate.
4.1.5 Stability during storage
When not required for use, it shall be possible to set down the attachment so that it is stable during storage.
To be regarded as stable, it shall not tip over when tilted to an angle of 10° in any direction. This can be
achieved either by the shape of the attachment or by means of additional equipment such as a stand.
4.2 Specific requirements for each category of attachment
4.2.1 Plate clamps
4.2.1.1 Under the conditions specified by the manufacturer, it shall not be possible to unintentionally
release the load, in particular, by the following influences:
a) contact of the plate clamp particularly the locking mechanisms with an obstacle;
b) mass of the crane hook, bottom block, or other connections bearing down on the device;
c) intended tipping and/or turning.
4.2.1.2 Plate clamps intended to transport vertically suspended plate shall incorporate a device to
prevent the load from unintentional detachment when it is set down.
4.2.1.3 The design factor to prevent the load from slipping shall be at least two.
4.2.1.4 The minimum working load of the plate clamp shall be equal to or less than 5 % of the WLL.
4.2.1.5 Plate clamps shall comply with the requirements specified in 4.2.1.3 using the following tolerances:
a) for a minimum thickness less than or equal to 50 mm, 10 % of the minimum thickness;
b) for a minimum thickness between 50 mm and 100 mm, 5 mm;
c) for a minimum thickness more than 100 mm, 5 % of the minimum thickness.
4.2.1.6 Where the lifting attachment is designed to use more than one clamp, the WLL of each clamp
shall take account of the share of the load which can foreseeably be imposed on it (including any inequality
of share due to the rigidity of the load).
4.2.1.7 The method of connecting to the crane or intermediate equipment shall ensure that the forces
are transmitted through the plate clamp in the correct alignment. Where this is not possible by design, the
marking and/or operating instructions shall clearly indicate how it should be connected.
4.2.2 Vacuum lifters
4.2.2.1 Vacuum lifters shall be dimensioned to hold at least a load corresponding to twice the WLL at
the end of the working range and the beginning of the fall range respectively at all intended angles of tilt.
The maximum angles of tilt shall be increased in accordance with 4.1.1.2.
NOTE The pressure range with which it is possible to work is termed the working range. The fall range
adjoins the working range. In some vacuum lifting systems, in particular self-priming vacuum lifters, the pressure
decrease arising depends upon the mass of the load.
4.2.2.2 Non-self-priming vacuum lifters shall be equipped with a pressure measuring device showing
the working range and the fall range of the vacuum.
8 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

4.2.2.3 Self-priming vacuum lifters shall be equipped with an indicator showing to the operator that
the end of the working range is reached.
4.2.2.4 The measuring device or the indicator respectively shall be fully visible for the slinger or, where
there is no slinger, for the operator of the crane in their normal working position.
4.2.2.5 Means shall be provided to prevent the risks due to vacuum losses. This shall be as follows.
a) In the case of vacuum lifters with a vacuum pump: A reserve vacuum with a non-return valve between
the reserve vacuum and the pump located as close as possible to the reserve vacuum.
b) In the case of vacuum lifters with venturi-system: A pressure-reserve-tank or vacuum-reserve-tank
with a non-return valve between the reserve vacuum and the venturi system located as close as
possible to the reserve vacuum.
c) In the case of turbine vacuum lifters: A supporting battery or an additional flywheel-mass.
d) In the case of self-priming vacuum lifters: A reserve-stroke at least equal to 5 % of the total stroke
of the piston.
NOTE Vacuum losses can occur, for example, due to leaks or in the case of non-self-priming vacuum lifters,
due to a power failure.
4.2.2.6 There shall be a device to warn automatically that the fall range is reached when vacuum losses
cannot be compensated. The warning signal shall be optical or acoustic depending upon the circumstances
of use for the vacuum lifter and in accordance with ISO 11428, ISO 11429, and ISO 7731. The warning
device shall work even when there is a power failure of the vacuum lifter.
NOTE The warning device is not the pressure measuring device of 4.2.2.2 or the indicator of 4.2.2.3.
4.2.2.7 In case of power failure, the vacuum lifter shall be able to hold the load for 5 min. This is not
necessary in exclusion areas and this is not necessary for turbine vacuum lifters if all the following
conditions are met.
a) The operator maintains control of the load through steering handles which ensures that the operator
is outside the fall zone in case of the load falling.
b) In addition to 4.2.2.6, a warning device shall be activated as soon as the power fails.
c) The manufacturer shall instruct that lifting of the geometric centre of the suction pads above 1,8 m
is prohibited by appropriate marking and instructions for use.
4.2.2.8 For vacuum lifters intended to be used in an exposure area, a secondary positive holding device is
required or there shall be two vacuum reserves each fitted with non-return valves. Each vacuum reserve shall
be connected to a separate set of vacuum pads. Each set of vacuum pads shall fulfil the requirement of 4.2.2.1.
4.2.2.9 The releasing of the load shall be actuated by a two-action control. This is not necessary where
the release of the load is not possible until the load has been put down or in exclusion areas.
4.2.2.10 Controls for tilting or turning movements shall be hold-to-run type.
4.2.2.11 The shape of the suction pad shall be matched to that of the intended load(s). Where more than
one suction pad is used in conjunction with a lifting beam, the layout and working load limit of the suction
pads shall be matched to that of the intended load(s). The share of the load which can foreseeably be
imposed on each suction pad shall not exceed its WLL taking account of the rigidity of both the load and
the vacuum lifter.
4.2.3 Lifting magnets
4.2.3.1 General
4.2.3.1.1 The releasing of the load shall be actuated by a two-action control. This is not necessary where
the release of the load is not possible until the load has been put down or in exclusion areas.
4.2.3.1.2 The shape of the magnet shall be suitable for the intended load(s). Where more than one
magnet is used in conjunction with a lifting beam, the layout and WLL of the magnets shall be suitable for
the intended load(s). The share of the load which can foreseeably be imposed on each magnet shall not
exceed its WLL taking account of the rigidity of both the load and the lifting beam.
4.2.3.2 Battery-fed electric lifting magnets
4.2.3.2.1 Battery-fed electric lifting magnets shall provide a tear-off force corresponding to at least
twice the WLL under the conditions specified by the manufacturer.
4.2.3.2.2 An automatic warning device shall be provided which monitors the power supply and provides
a warning at least 10 min before the supply reaches the level where the load will be released. The warning
device shall be optical or acoustic.
4.2.3.2.3 A safety device shall be provided which, after the low power warning device has been activated
and the magnet has been switched off, prevents the magnet from being switched on again until the battery
is recharged to the minimum level at which the low power warning device is not activated.
4.2.3.2.4 An indicator shall be provided to show that the magnet is energized (ON/OFF).
NOTE The indicator does not necessarily indicate that there is sufficient magnetic field.
4.2.3.3 Mains-fed electric lifting magnets
4.2.3.3.1 Mains-fed electric lifting magnets shall provide a tear-off force corresponding to at least two
times the WLL under the conditions specified by the manufacturer.
4.2.3.3.2 An automatic warning device shall be provided to warn when the main power supply fails.
The warning device may be optical or acoustic. This is not necessary in exclusion areas.
4.2.3.3.3 A stand-by battery shall be provided to automatically supply power when the main supply
fails. It shall be capable of providing the current needed to hold the working load limit for at least 10 min.
This is not necessary in exclusion areas.
4.2.3.3.4 Requirements of 4.2.3.3.2 and 4.2.3.3.3 are not necessary where all of the following
requirements are met.
a) The manufacturer instructs that lifting the pole geometric centre above 1,8 m is prohibited by
appropriate marking and instructions for use.
b) The load mass is less than 20 kg.
4.2.3.3.5 In cases where it is difficult to leave the fall zone (e.g. in an exposure area or in ships during
loading and unloading), a redundancy of the flexible cables of the DC supply lines between the control
cabinet and the attachment (e.g. spreader beam or single magnet) and of the power control unit of the
magnet system shall be provided. Alternatively, a secondary positive holding device shall be provided.
10 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

4.2.3.3.6 Magnets for lifting loads such as plates, sheets, or bars from the top of a stack, shall have
controls to reduce the power supply so as to facilitate the shedding of excess load. After the excess load
has been shed, the controls shall permit restoration of full power.
4.2.3.3.7 The magnet system shall have an indicator to show when the magnet(s) are energized. For
magnets with variable power control, the indicator shall distinguish between full and partial magnetization.
NOTE The indicator does not necessarily indicate that there is sufficient magnetic field.
4.2.3.4 Permanent lifting magnets
Permanent lifting magnets shall comply with the following requirements:
a) they shall provide a tear-off force of at least three times the WLL under the conditions specified by
the manufacturer;
b) the control shall clearly indicate whether the magnet is ON or OFF;
c) the control for operating the magnet shall be in accordance with ISO 13854 with regard to the place
for the operator’s hands.
4.2.3.5 Electro-permanent lifting magnets
4.2.3.5.1 Electro-permanent lifting magnets shall provide a tear-off force of at least three times the
WLL under the conditions specified by the manufacturer.
4.2.3.5.2 The magnets shall have an indicator to show when the magnet(s) are energized. For magnets
with variable power control, the indicator shall distinguish between full and partial magnetization.
4.2.4 C-hooks
4.2.4.1 The unloaded C-hook shall hang with the lower arm within 5° of horizontal to facilitate
access to the load.
4.2.4.2 One of the following means shall be provided to prevent the load from sliding on the lower arm
or the load or part of the load from falling.
a) The C-hook tilted backwards with an angle greater or equal to 5° of horizontal in the loaded position.
b) For C-hook intended for handling single steel sheet coils, the lower arm shall be horizontal or titled
backward in the loaded position.
c) A chain, strap, or bar to close the C-hook opening.
d) A clamping system to secure the load.
e) An end-stop on the lower arm.
4.2.5 Lifting forks
4.2.5.1 The unloaded lifting fork shall hang with the fork arms within 5° of horizontal to facilitate
access to the load.
4.2.5.2 Within the intended load range and position of the load centre of gravity, the fork arms shall be
tilted backwards with an angle greater or equal to 5° of horizontal to prevent the load from sliding from
the fork arms.
4.2.5.3 Lifting forks for loose material (e.g. bricks and tiles) to be used in an exposure area shall have a
secondary positive holding device (e.g. net, cage).
The secondary positive holding device shall prevent the release of the complete load or any loose
parts of the load.
For handling loose materials (e.g. bricks and tiles), the secondary positive holding device (e.g. nets or
cages) shall not have side and bottom openings that a sphere of 50 mm can pass through.
It is recommended that the secondary positive holding device is automatically activated.
4.2.5.4 Lifting forks fitted with a secondary positive holding device required in 4.2.5.3 shall be capable
of holding a uniformly distributed load equal to 50 % of the WLL in all four horizontal directions.
4.2.5.5 Lifting forks for unit load (e.g. plastic wrapped palletised load) to be used in an exposure area
shall have a retaining device (e.g. chain, strap, or bar) to prevent the unit load sliding off the forks.
4.2.5.6 Lifting forks with a retaining device as required in 4.2.5.5 shall be capable of holding a uniformly
distributed load equal to 50 % of the WLL.
4.2.6 Lifting beams
4.2.6.1 Attaching the lifting beam to the crane
4.2.6.1.1 Any connection made by moving or removing a lifting beam component shall be such that it
can be secured before lifting so as to prevent any accidental uncoupling of this connection.
4.2.6.1.2 Means shall be provided to prevent any unintended movement and damage to the suspended
parts of the lifting beam parts during storage, coupling, or uncoupling from the crane.
4.2.6.2 Securing the load to the lifting beam
4.2.6.2.1 Lifting beams with load securing parts moving along the beam shall have means to prevent
them from falling off.
4.2.6.2.2 Load securing parts moving along the beam shall have means to retain them in position when
they hold the load.
4.2.6.2.3 Where the means to retain the load securing parts is positioned manually, the state of the
means shall be visible for the slinger.
4.2.6.3 Structure
4.2.6.3.1 Where the lifting beam is intended to tilt, the manufacturer shall indicate the maximum
permissible angle of tilt from the horizontal. Where the lifting beam is intended for horizontal use, the
design shall tolerate a tilt of up to 6° from the horizontal.
4.2.6.3.2 Moving parts of the structure shall have devices to hold them in position when loaded. These
devices shall be effective up to 6° from the maximum tilting angle permitted for the lifting beam. Where
these devices operate on a friction basis, the design factor shall be at least two.
4.2.6.3.3 Where free movement presents a hazard, lifting beams fitted with a rotation or tilting mechanism
shall be equipped with a device to stop movement and to immobilize the load in its intended position.
12 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

4.2.6.3.4 When the spacing between moving parts of the beam is controlled by a power source,
protection devices shall be provided to avoid crushing and shearing hazards as specified in ISO 13854.
4.2.7 Clamps
4.2.7.1 The holding force of clamps holding by friction to prevent the load from slipping shall be at least
two times the WLL.
4.2.7.2 In the case of clamps holding by friction, where the range of thickness does not start at zero,
a safety range in which the holding force does not fall below the value given in 4.2.7.1 is required below
the smallest specified thickness to be able to compensate for the manufacturing tolerances, elastic
deformation, etc.
The following minimum safety ranges are required:
a) for a minimum thickness less than or equal to 50 mm, 10 % of the minimum thickness;
b) for a minimum thickness between 50 mm and 100 mm, 5 mm of the minimum thickness;
c) for a minimum thickness more than 100 mm, 5 % of the minimum thickness.
Due to the wide variety of applications for clamps, it is impossible to specify a safety range which is
suitable for all. The above ranges should therefore be treated with caution and increased as appropriate
to the application.
4.2.7.3 In the case of clamps holding by friction, the clamping mechanism shall be designed to ensure
that the clamping force will be maintained in case of deformation of the load (e.g. surface crushing and
elastic and plastic deformation).
NOTE This can be achieved by, for example, a scissor mechanism activated by gravity or by a pressure
compensation device (e.g. springs, hydraulic accumulators) etc.
Clamps holding the load hydraulically or pneumatically shall be fitted with a device to compensate for
any pressure drop below working pressure.
Where it is not possible to maintain the requirements of 4.2.7.1, an acoustic or optical warning signal
shall be automatically activated.
4.2.7.4 For clamps which are not self-closing, the releasing of the load shall be actuated by a two-
action control.
This is not necessary where the release of the load is not possible until the load has been put down or in
exclusion areas.
4.2.7.5 Clamps to be used in an exposure area shall have a positive holding device or a secondary
positive holding device (e.g. slings, net, cage).
The positive holding device or secondary positive holding device shall prevent the release of the complete
load or any loose parts of the load.
For handling loose materials (e.g. bricks and tiles), the positive holding device or secondary positive
holding device (e.g. nets or cages) shall not have side and bottom openings that a sphere of 50 mm can
pass through.
It is recommended that the secondary positive holding device is automatically activated.
4.2.7.6 For handling loose materials (e.g. bricks and tiles) the positive holding device or secondary
positive holding device (e.g. nets or cages) shall be capable of holding a uniformly distributed load equal
to 50 % of the WLL in all four horizontal directions and 200 % of the WLL in the vertical direction.
4.2.7.7 The requirements of 4.2.7.5 and 4.2.7.6 shall not apply where the clamp is intended to be used
only to lift the lowest part of the clamp to a height less than 1,8 m and is either
— for moving single bricks or building components with a weight less than 50 kg, or
— for unloading lorries to the ground.
5 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures
5.1 General
Conformity to each safety requirement and/or measure (given in Clause 4 and Clause 6) shall be verified
by the methods specified in Table 1 and detailed in Annex A to Annex G.
For single unit designed and produced products, type verification and individual verification shall be
done. For series produced, product type verification shall be done on one or more representative product
of the series and the individual verification shall be done on each product produced.
Table 1 — Methods to be used to verify conformity with the safety requirements and/or measures
Requirement Verification Method
Equipment
Clause Type Individual
Descriptor
number verification verification
Mechanical load bearing parts 4.1.1.1 A.2 A.3
Tilting limit 4.1.1.2 A.2
Controls 4.1.2 A.4
Handles 4.1.3 A.4
Lifting slings 4.1.4 A.4
Stability in storage 4.1.5 A.4
Preventing unintentional release 4.2.1.1 B.1
Preventing unintentional release when 4.2.1.2 B.1
Plate clamps
setting down
Friction coefficient
4.2.1.3 B.2 + B.3
Tolerances on rage of thickness 4.2.1.4 B.4
Minimum working load 4.2.1.4 B.5
Foreseeable share of the load 4.2.1.6 A.4
Connection of the crane 4.2.1.7 A.4
Information for use 6.1 A.4 A.4
Marking 6.2 A.4 A.4
14 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

Table 1 (continued)
Requirement Verification Method
Equipment
Clause Type Individual
Descriptor
number verification verification
Mechanical load bearing parts 4.1.1.1 A.1 or A.2 A.1 or A.3
Tilting limit 4.1.1.2 C.10 or A.2 C.9
Controls 4.1.2 A.4
Handles 4.1.3 A.4
Lifting slings 4.1.4 A.4
Stability in storage 4.1.5 A.4
Adhesion force 4.2.2.1 A.4
Pressure measuring device 4.2.2.2 C.10 or A.2
Leakage indicator 4.2.2.3 C.1
Vacuum lifters Visibility of measuring device or indictor 4.2.2.4 C.3 C.2
Means to prevent risk of vacuum losses 4.2.2.5
Warning device 4.2.2.6 C.4 and C.6
Holding time 4.2.2.7 C.5 and C.8
Exposure area 4.2.2.8 A.4 C.4
Two-action control 4.2.2.9 C.7
Controls for tilting or turning 4.2.2.10 A.4
Design appropriate for the load 4.2.2.11 A.4
Information for use 6.1 A.4 A.4
Marking 6.2 A.4 A.4
Mechanical load bearing parts 4.1.1.1 A.1 or A.2 A.1 or A.3
Tilting limit 4.1.1.2 A.2
Controls 4.1.2 A.4
Handles 4.1.3 A.4
Lifting slings 4.1.4 A.4
Stability in storage 4.1.5 A.4
Two-action controls 4.2.3.1.1 D.2
Battery-
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