ISO 24617-7:2020

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST ISO 24617-7:2018
Upravljanje jezikovnih virov - Ogrodje za semantično označevanje - 7. del:
Prostorske informacije
Language resource management -- Semantic annotation framework -- Part 7: Spatial
information
Gestion des ressources linguistiques -- Cadre d'annotation sémantique -- Partie 7:
Information spatiale
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 24617-7:2020
ICS:
01.020 Terminologija (načela in Terminology (principles and
koordinacija) coordination)
01.140.20 Informacijske vede Information sciences
35.240.30 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in information,
informatiki, dokumentiranju in documentation and
založništvu publishing
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 24617-7
Second edition
2020-05
Language resource management —
Semantic annotation framework —
Part 7:
Spatial information
Gestion des ressources linguistiques — Cadre d'annotation
sémantique —
Partie 7: Information spatiale
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 List of tags . 4
5 Overview . 5
6 Motivation and requirements . 6
7 Specification of the spatial annotation scheme . 7
7.1 Overview: annotation vs. representation. 7
7.2 Metamodel . 7
7.3 Abstract syntax . 9
8 Representation of spatial annotations .10
8.1 XML-based concrete syntax: outline .10
8.1.1 Overview .10
8.1.2 Basic element types .10
8.1.3 Links .11
8.1.4 Root element .11
8.2 Conventions for tagging .11
8.2.1 Naming conventions .11
8.2.2 Convention for inline tagging extents .12
8.3 Specification of attributes for basic entity tags .12
8.3.1 for no-locational spatial entities.12
8.3.2 .13
8.3.3 .16
8.3.4 for event-paths .17
8.3.5 .17
8.3.6 for non-motion eventualities .18
8.3.7 for various types of spatial relations .19
8.3.8 .20
8.4 Link tags .21
8.4.1 .21
8.4.2 .22
8.4.3 .23
8.4.4 .24
8.5 Root tag: .26
Annex A (informative) Quantification over spatial entities and eventualities .27
Bibliography .32
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT), see Foreword - Supplementary information.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Language and terminology,
Subcommittee SC 4, Language resource management.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 24617-7:2014), which has been technically
revised. It aims at satisfying the requirements and recommendations laid down in ISO 24617-6.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows.
— Event-paths (), which are triggered by motions, are restored as objects of a basic entity
type in concrete syntaxes as well as in the abstract syntax.
— It focuses on spatial relations only, thus tagging them as . There are no
or as such. Path adjuncts are treated as pathDefining spatial relations, tagged as
.
— The movement link () is very much modified to conform to the general link structure, as
specified in ISO 24617-6. This general link structure minimally consists of a relation type and two
required arguments, represented by two attribute names, @figure and @ground, which are single
entity structures and sets of entity structures, respectively. The addition of optional (implied)
attributes such as @trigger (relator) for or @bounds for is allowed.
— The measure link () is generalized to accommodate not only spatial measures such as
distances but temporal or spatio-temporal measures that include durations, time amounts or
speeds. The two optional attributes @endPoint1 and @endPoint2 are also generalized to apply to
areas (oceans) or borderlines (rivers, mountain ranges) with a new attribute @bounds, replacing
those two attributes.
— As a result, most of the specifications of the attribute-value assignments to each of the entity types
and those of the link types, represented in extended BNF, or XML DTD (data type declarations), are
revised. The UML figures representing them are also revised or deleted.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

— The list of tags associated with entity structures and link structures is presented in a tabular form
to make these structures more comparable in a visual way. This list has been given in Clause 4,
Table 1.
— To make the document more compact and less burdensome for the readers, Annex A, Guidelines, has
been deleted.
A list of all parts in the ISO 24617 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
Introduction
The automatic recognition of spatial information in natural language is currently attracting considerable
attention in the fields of computational linguistics and artificial intelligence. The development of
algorithms that exhibit “spatial awareness” promises to add needed functionality to natural language
processing (NLP) systems, from named entity recognition to question-answering and text-based
inference. However, in order for such systems to reason spatially, they require the enrichment of textual
data with the annotation of spatial information in language. This involves a large range of linguistic
constructions, including spatially anchoring events, descriptions of objects in motion, viewer-re
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 24617-7
Second edition
2020-05
Language resource management —
Semantic annotation framework —
Part 7:
Spatial information
Gestion des ressources linguistiques — Cadre d'annotation
sémantique —
Partie 7: Information spatiale
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 List of tags . 4
5 Overview . 5
6 Motivation and requirements . 6
7 Specification of the spatial annotation scheme . 7
7.1 Overview: annotation vs. representation. 7
7.2 Metamodel . 7
7.3 Abstract syntax . 9
8 Representation of spatial annotations .10
8.1 XML-based concrete syntax: outline .10
8.1.1 Overview .10
8.1.2 Basic element types .10
8.1.3 Links .11
8.1.4 Root element .11
8.2 Conventions for tagging .11
8.2.1 Naming conventions .11
8.2.2 Convention for inline tagging extents .12
8.3 Specification of attributes for basic entity tags .12
8.3.1 for no-locational spatial entities.12
8.3.2 .13
8.3.3 .16
8.3.4 for event-paths .17
8.3.5 .17
8.3.6 for non-motion eventualities .18
8.3.7 for various types of spatial relations .19
8.3.8 .20
8.4 Link tags .21
8.4.1 .21
8.4.2 .22
8.4.3 .23
8.4.4 .24
8.5 Root tag: .26
Annex A (informative) Quantification over spatial entities and eventualities .27
Bibliography .32
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT), see Foreword - Supplementary information.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Language and terminology,
Subcommittee SC 4, Language resource management.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 24617-7:2014), which has been technically
revised. It aims at satisfying the requirements and recommendations laid down in ISO 24617-6.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows.
— Event-paths (), which are triggered by motions, are restored as objects of a basic entity
type in concrete syntaxes as well as in the abstract syntax.
— It focuses on spatial relations only, thus tagging them as . There are no
or as such. Path adjuncts are treated as pathDefining spatial relations, tagged as
.
— The movement link () is very much modified to conform to the general link structure, as
specified in ISO 24617-6. This general link structure minimally consists of a relation type and two
required arguments, represented by two attribute names, @figure and @ground, which are single
entity structures and sets of entity structures, respectively. The addition of optional (implied)
attributes such as @trigger (relator) for or @bounds for is allowed.
— The measure link () is generalized to accommodate not only spatial measures such as
distances but temporal or spatio-temporal measures that include durations, time amounts or
speeds. The two optional attributes @endPoint1 and @endPoint2 are also generalized to apply to
areas (oceans) or borderlines (rivers, mountain ranges) with a new attribute @bounds, replacing
those two attributes.
— As a result, most of the specifications of the attribute-value assignments to each of the entity types
and those of the link types, represented in extended BNF, or XML DTD (data type declarations), are
revised. The UML figures representing them are also revised or deleted.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

— The list of tags associated with entity structures and link structures is presented in a tabular form
to make these structures more comparable in a visual way. This list has been given in Clause 4,
Table 1.
— To make the document more compact and less burdensome for the readers, Annex A, Guidelines, has
been deleted.
A list of all parts in the ISO 24617 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
Introduction
The automatic recognition of spatial information in natural language is currently attracting considerable
attention in the fields of computational linguistics and artificial intelligence. The development of
algorithms that exhibit “spatial awareness” promises to add needed functionality to natural language
processing (NLP) systems, from named entity recognition to question-answering and text-based
inference. However, in order for such systems to reason spatially, they require the enrichment of textual
data with the annotation of spatial information in language. This involves a large range of linguistic
constructions, including spatially anchoring events, descriptions of objects in motion, viewer-relative
descriptions of scenes, absolute spatial descriptions of locations, and many other constructions.
This document provides normative specifications not only for spatial information, but also for
information content in motion and various other types of event in language.
In this document, Clause 8 treats the representation of static and dynamic spatial annotations
by introducing an XML-based concrete syntax for representing spatial-related or motion-related
annotations. This concrete syntax is based on the abstract syntax that is presented in Clause 7 with a
metamodel as a part of the specification of the spatial annotation structure. An informative Annex A is
provided with a brief introduction to the annotation and interpretation of quantified spatial entities
and eventualities including motions and event-paths.
A formal semantics, based on the abstract syntax, will be provided as part of a future new work item
within the semantic annotation framework. This will be coordinated with the temporal semantics
and specification of ISO 24617-1, thereby producing a rich semantics that will be directly useab
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 24617-7
Second edition
2020-05
Language resource management —
Semantic annotation framework —
Part 7:
Spatial information
Gestion des ressources linguistiques — Cadre d'annotation
sémantique —
Partie 7: Information spatiale
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 List of tags . 4
5 Overview . 5
6 Motivation and requirements . 6
7 Specification of the spatial annotation scheme . 7
7.1 Overview: annotation vs. representation. 7
7.2 Metamodel . 7
7.3 Abstract syntax . 9
8 Representation of spatial annotations .10
8.1 XML-based concrete syntax: outline .10
8.1.1 Overview .10
8.1.2 Basic element types .10
8.1.3 Links .11
8.1.4 Root element .11
8.2 Conventions for tagging .11
8.2.1 Naming conventions .11
8.2.2 Convention for inline tagging extents .12
8.3 Specification of attributes for basic entity tags .12
8.3.1 for no-locational spatial entities.12
8.3.2 .13
8.3.3 .16
8.3.4 for event-paths .17
8.3.5 .17
8.3.6 for non-motion eventualities .18
8.3.7 for various types of spatial relations .19
8.3.8 .20
8.4 Link tags .21
8.4.1 .21
8.4.2 .22
8.4.3 .23
8.4.4 .24
8.5 Root tag: .26
Annex A (informative) Quantification over spatial entities and eventualities .27
Bibliography .32
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT), see Foreword - Supplementary information.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Language and terminology,
Subcommittee SC 4, Language resource management.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 24617-7:2014), which has been technically
revised. It aims at satisfying the requirements and recommendations laid down in ISO 24617-6.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows.
— Event-paths (), which are triggered by motions, are restored as objects of a basic entity
type in concrete syntaxes as well as in the abstract syntax.
— It focuses on spatial relations only, thus tagging them as . There are no
or as such. Path adjuncts are treated as pathDefining spatial relations, tagged as
.
— The movement link () is very much modified to conform to the general link structure, as
specified in ISO 24617-6. This general link structure minimally consists of a relation type and two
required arguments, represented by two attribute names, @figure and @ground, which are single
entity structures and sets of entity structures, respectively. The addition of optional (implied)
attributes such as @trigger (relator) for or @bounds for is allowed.
— The measure link () is generalized to accommodate not only spatial measures such as
distances but temporal or spatio-temporal measures that include durations, time amounts or
speeds. The two optional attributes @endPoint1 and @endPoint2 are also generalized to apply to
areas (oceans) or borderlines (rivers, mountain ranges) with a new attribute @bounds, replacing
those two attributes.
— As a result, most of the specifications of the attribute-value assignments to each of the entity types
and those of the link types, represented in extended BNF, or XML DTD (data type declarations), are
revised. The UML figures representing them are also revised or deleted.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

— The list of tags associated with entity structures and link structures is presented in a tabular form
to make these structures more comparable in a visual way. This list has been given in Clause 4,
Table 1.
— To make the document more compact and less burdensome for the readers, Annex A, Guidelines, has
been deleted.
A list of all parts in the ISO 24617 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
Introduction
The automatic recognition of spatial information in natural language is currently attracting considerable
attention in the fields of computational linguistics and artificial intelligence. The development of
algorithms that exhibit “spatial awareness” promises to add needed functionality to natural language
processing (NLP) systems, from named entity recognition to question-answering and text-based
inference. However, in order for such systems to reason spatially, they require the enrichment of textual
data with the annotation of spatial information in language. This involves a large range of linguistic
constructions, including spatially anchoring events, descriptions of objects in motion, viewer-relative
descriptions of scenes, absolute spatial descriptions of locations, and many other constructions.
This document provides normative specifications not only for spatial information, but also for
information content in motion and various other types of event in language.
In this document, Clause 8 treats the representation of static and dynamic spatial annotations
by introducing an XML-based concrete syntax for representing spatial-related or motion-related
annotations. This concrete syntax is based on the abstract syntax that is presented in Clause 7 with a
metamodel as a part of the specification of the spatial annotation structure. An informative Annex A is
provided with a brief introduction to the annotation and interpretation of quantified spatial entities
and eventualities including motions and event-paths.
A formal semantics, based on the abstract syntax, will be provided as part of a future new work item
within the semantic annotation framework. This will be coordinated with the temporal semantics
and specification of ISO 24617-1, thereby producing a rich semantics that will be directly useab
...