IWA 39:2022

INTERNATIONAL IWA
WORKSHOP 39
AGREEMENT
First edition
2022-07
Gap analysis for standardization
on sustainable and human-centred
societies enabled with cyber physical
systems
Reference number
© ISO 2022
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Overview . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Existing standardization . 3
4.3 Categories of standardization . 3
5 How human-centred aspects are impacted by CPS . 3
5.1 Relevant issues and practices . 3
5.2 Existing documents . 6
6 How sustainability (environmental and social) is impacted by CPS .8
6.1 Relevant issues and practices . 8
6.2 Existing documents . 11
7 What issue linkages are and how CPS can help .13
7.1 Relevant issues and practices . 13
7.2 Existing documents . 14
8 How CPS can be implemented to resolve the identified issues .15
8.1 Relevant issues and practices .15
8.2 Existing documents . 17
9 Gap analysis .22
10 Future standardization areas .23
Annex A (informative) Workshop contributors .26
Bibliography .29
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
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on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
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expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/
iso/foreword.html.
International Workshop Agreement IWA 39 was approved at a series of workshops hosted by the
Japanese Industrial Standards Committee (JISC), in association with Japanese Standards Association
(JSA), held virtually in February 2021, May 2021, September 2021 and February 2022.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
The seventeen UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a shared blueprint for peace and
prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future. ISO, IEC and other standards development
organizations (SDOs) are making efforts to contribute to SDGs through the development of international
standards and deliverables.
Sustainability is important for many reasons including environmental quality; to have healthy
communities, clean air, natural resources, and a nontoxic environment. Sustainability is most often
defined as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations
to meet theirs. It has three main pillars: Economic, Environmental, and Social. These three pillars as
shown in Figure 1 are informally referred to as people, planet and profit. However, it refers to four
distinct areas: Human, Social, Economic and Environmental.
Three overlapping circles model Triple nested dependency model
Figure 1 — The triple nested dependency model of sustainability
In this triple nested dependency model, the three sectors are co-dependent and it is recognized that the
economy is a wholly owned subsidiary of the society which in turn is a wholly owned subsidiary of the
environment. They not only co-exist but interact. Rather than the three sectors competing, this model
reminds us that without clean water, fresh air and healthy ecosystems the society and the economy
cease to function.
The importance of environmental issues (e.g., climate action) is widely recognized around the world,
and many international standardization and international initiatives are trying to resolve these issues.
This, however, does not expand quickly since it requires fundamental behavioural changes which are
difficult to scale beyond individuals, and across organizations and nations. One of the major reasons
for this difficulty is that some of the actions for achieving sustainability goals have conflicts with each
other, which are called issue linkages, typically between human-centred aspects and environmental
sustainability aspects which need to be resolved and harmonized.
Human needs are a powerful explanation of human behaviour and social interaction. All individuals
have needs that they strive to satisfy.
Technologies such as Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Internet of Things (IoT) have the potential
to help create a society in which people enjoy their lives without feeling any restrictions, while
contributing to the improvement of social, environmental and economic sustainability.
v
However, there is a concern that CPS can have adverse effects, which is an issue to be considered when
a CPS is introduced into society.
Issues related to human-centred aspects and other sustainability aspects have been discussed in
documents developed by ISO/TC 207, Environmental management, in International Standards such as
ISO 26000, and in initiatives led by international organizations such as the World Business Council
for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) and the World Economic Forum (WEF). However, there is no
current area of standardization which addresses a holistic view of this landscape and how to resolve
those issues enabled by CPS, which also consider any adverse impacts.
Humans need to radically change our relationship, not just with the planet, but with the objects with
which we fill our lives to advance the progress we can make towards sustainability. We need to change
how we think about technology and innovation. Rather than allowing technological advancement to
steer our narratives, innovation and technology should help us build bridges between the worlds we
inhabit now and the ones we imagine for tomorrow.
This document was developed at a series of workshops whose participants conducted a gap analysis
between the existing areas of standardization and the goal of achieving human-centred sustainability.
This document is the result of an open and transparent multi-stakeholder process involving experts
from different countries representing a variety of different perspectives. It is a voluntary guidance
document intended for global use.
vi
International Workshop Agreement IWA 39:2022(E)
Gap analysis for standardization on sustainable and
human-centred societies enabled with cyber physical
systems
1 Scope
This document provides a gap analysis between existing areas of standardization and the needs of
human-centred sustainable societies enabled by cyber physical systems. This document does not cover
the technical requirements of cyber physical systems.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
cyber physical system
CPS
system with digital, analogue, cyber, physical and human components interacting with each other,
engineered to function through integrated physics and logic
3.2
system of systems
SoS
set of operationally and managerially independent systems that coordinate their work together to
achieve one or more common stated purposes
Note 1 to entry: Each constituent is a useful system by itself, having its own management, goals, and resources,
and coordinates within the SoS to provide the unique capability of the SoS.
[SOURCE: IEC Electropedia, IEV 871-05-03, modified — The words “are operated together for a period
of time” have been replaced by “coordinate their work together” and the word “common” has been
added in the definition; the original Note 1 to entry has been replaced by a new Note 1 to entry adapted
from ISO/IEC/IEEE 24748-1:2018, 3.56.]
3.3
issue linkage
conflict between some of the actions for achieving different sustainability goals
3.4
human-centred sustainable society
society that is highly sustainable supporting human well-being and dignity
Note 1 to entry: In this document, the state of a human-centred sustainable soc
...