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ISO 2889:2023

(Main)

Sampling airborne radioactive materials from the stacks and ducts of nuclear facilities

Sampling airborne radioactive materials from the stacks and ducts of nuclear facilities

This document sets forth performance-based criteria and recommendations for the design and use of systems for sampling of airborne radioactive materials in the effluent air from the ducts and stacks of nuclear facilities. The requirements and recommendations of this document are aimed at sampling that is conducted for regulatory compliance and system control. If existing air-sampling systems are not designed to the performance requirements and recommendations of this document, an evaluation of the performance of the system is advised. If deficiencies are discovered, a determination of whether or not a retrofit is needed and practicable is recommended. It can be impossible to meet the requirements of this document in all conditions with a sampling system designed for normal operations only. Under off-normal conditions, the criteria or recommendations of this document still apply. However, for accident conditions, special accident air sampling systems or measurements can be used. This document does not address outdoor air sampling, radon measurements, or the surveillance of airborne radioactive substances in the workplace of nuclear facilities. NOTE Reference [1] addresses the instrumentation that is frequently used in nuclear air monitoring. Reference [5] addresses air sampling in the workplace of nuclear facilities. References [6] and [7] describe the performance characteristics of air monitors.

Échantillonnage de substances radioactives en suspension dans l'air dans les émissaires de rejet et les conduits des installations nucléaires

Le présent document spécifie des critères de performances et des recommandations concernant la conception et l’utilisation de systèmes permettant de prélever les échantillons de matières radioactives en suspension dans l’air dans les conduits et les émissaires de rejet des installations nucléaires. Les exigences et les recommandations du présent document concernent les prélèvements effectués aux fins de vérification de la conformité à la réglementation et de contrôle des systèmes. Si les systèmes de prélèvement d’air existants n’ont pas été conçus conformément aux exigences et aux recommandations de performances du présent document, une évaluation des performances du système est conseillée. Si des écarts de performances sont constatés, il est recommandé de déterminer la nécessité et la faisabilité d’une modification a posteriori du système de prélèvement. Il peut s’avérer impossible de se conformer aux exigences du présent document dans toutes les conditions avec un système de prélèvement uniquement conçu pour un fonctionnement normal. En conditions anormales, les critères ou recommandations du présent document s’appliquent encore. Mais, en conditions accidentelles, des mesurages ou systèmes de prélèvement d’air spécifiques peuvent être utilisés. Le présent document ne traite pas du prélèvement d’air extérieur, des mesurages du radon, ni de la surveillance des substances radioactives en suspension dans l’air sur les lieux de travail des installations nucléaires. NOTE La Référence [1] traite des instruments fréquemment utilisés pour la surveillance de l’air en milieu nucléaire. La Référence [5] traite du prélèvement d’air sur le lieu de travail des installations nucléaires. Les Références [6] et [7] décrivent les caractéristiques de performances des moniteurs d’air.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
23-Jul-2023
ICS
13.280 - Radiation protection
Technical Committee
ISO/TC 85/SC 2 - Radiological protection
Drafting Committee
ISO/TC 85/SC 2 - Radiological protection
Current Stage
6060 - International Standard published
Start Date
24-Jul-2023
Due Date
22-Dec-2023
Completion Date
24-Jul-2023
Ref Project

Relations

Revises
ISO 2889:2021 - Sampling airborne radioactive materials from the stacks and ducts of nuclear facilities
Effective Date
25-Jun-2022
ISO 2889:2023 - Sampling airborne radioactive materials from the stacks and ducts of nuclear facilities Released:24. 07. 2023ISO 2889:2023 - Sampling airborne radioactive materials from the stacks and ducts of nuclear facilities Released:24. 07. 2023
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ISO 2889:2023 - Sampling airborne radioactive materials from the stacks and ducts of nuclear facilities Released:24. 07. 2023
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ISO 2889:2023 - Échantillonnage de substances radioactives en suspension dans l'air dans les émissaires de rejet et les conduits des installations nucléaires Released:24. 07. 2023ISO 2889:2023 - Échantillonnage de substances radioactives en suspension dans l'air dans les émissaires de rejet et les conduits des installations nucléaires Released:24. 07. 2023
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ISO 2889:2023 - Échantillonnage de substances radioactives en suspension dans l'air dans les émissaires de rejet et les conduits des installations nucléaires Released:24. 07. 2023
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Standards Content (Sample)


INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 2889
Fourth edition
2023-07
Sampling airborne radioactive
materials from the stacks and ducts of
nuclear facilities
Échantillonnage de substances radioactives en suspension dans l'air
dans les émissaires de rejet et les conduits des installations nucléaires
Reference number
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols .10
5 Factors impacting the sampling program .14
6 Sample extraction locations .15
6.1 General . 15
6.2 General requirements for sample extraction locations . 15
6.3 Criteria for the homogeneity of the air stream at sampling locations . 16
6.3.1 General . 16
6.3.2 Angular or cyclonic flow . 16
6.3.3 Air velocity profile . 16
6.3.4 Gas concentration profile . 16
6.3.5 Particle concentration profile. 16
6.3.6 Summary of recommendations for locations to extract samples from a
well-mixed air stream . 17
7 Sampling system design .17
7.1 General . 17
7.2 Volumetric flow measurement . 18
7.2.1 General . 18
7.2.2 Emission stream flow measurement . 18
7.2.3 Sample air flow rate and volume measurement . 18
7.2.4 Leak checks . 20
7.3 Nozzle design and operation for extracting aerosol particles . 20
7.3.1 General .20
7.3.2 Nozzle performance . 20
7.3.3 Application and performance considerations . 21
7.3.4 Sampling probes with multiple-inlet nozzles . 21
7.3.5 Materials of construction . 22
7.3.6 Maintenance . 22
7.3.7 New concepts . 22
7.4 Sample transport for particles . 22
7.4.1 General .22
7.4.2 Depositional losses .22
7.4.3 Corrosion .23
7.4.4 Electrostatic effects and flexible tubes . 23
7.4.5 Smoothness of internal surfaces . 24
7.4.6 Condensation . 24
7.4.7 Cleaning transport lines . 24
7.5 Gas and vapour sample extraction and transport . 24
7.6 Collection of particle samples .25
7.6.1 General . 25
7.6.2 Filter media . 25
7.7 Collection of gas and vapour samples . 26
7.7.1 General . 26
7.7.2 Sampling with retention of specific constituents . 26
7.7.3 Sampling without constituent separation . 27
7.8 Evaluation and upgrading of existing systems . 27
7.9 Summary of performance criteria and recommendations .28
iii
8 Quality assurance and quality control .28
Annex A (informative) Techniques for measurement of flow rate through a stack or duct .30
Annex B (informative) Modelling of particle losses in transport systems .35
Annex C (informative) Special considerations for the extraction, transport and sampling
of radioiodine .45
Annex D (informative) Optimizing the selection of filters for sampling airborne radioactive
particles . . .50
Annex E (informative) Evaluating the errors and the uncertainty for the sampling of
effluent gases .55
Annex F (informative) Mixing demonstration and sampling system performance
verification .65
Annex G (informative) Transuranic aerosol particulate characteristics —Implications for
extractive sampling in nuclear facility effluents .73
Annex H (informative) Tritium sampling and detection .77
Annex I (informative) Action levels .80
Annex J (informative) Quality assurance .87
Annex K (informative) Carbon-14 sampling and detection .91
Annex L (informative) Factors impacting sampling system design .94
Annex M (informative) Sampling nozzles and probes . 100
Annex N (informative) Stack or duct sampling and analysis for Ru . 108
Bibliography . 109
iv
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or
...


NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 2889
Quatrième édition
2023-07
Échantillonnage de substances
radioactives en suspension dans l'air
dans les émissaires de rejet et les
conduits des installations nucléaires
Sampling airborne radioactive materials from the stacks and ducts of
nuclear facilities
Numéro de référence
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2023
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
y compris la photocopie, ou la diffusion sur l’internet ou sur un intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Une autorisation peut
être demandée à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Genève
Tél.: +41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Web: www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
ii
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .v
Introduction . vi
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives .1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Symboles .11
5 Facteurs influençant le programme d’échantillonnage .15
6 Points d’extraction des échantillons .15
6.1 Généralités . 15
6.2 Exigences générales concernant les points d’extraction des échantillons . 16
6.3 Critères relatifs à l’homogénéité du flux d’air aux points de prélèvement . 17
6.3.1 Généralités . 17
6.3.2 Écoulement angulaire ou cyclonique . 17
6.3.3 Profil de vitesse de l’air . 17
6.3.4 Profil de concentration gazeuse . 17
6.3.5 Profil de concentration des particules. 18
6.3.6 Résumé des recommandations concernant les points d’extraction
d’échantillons dans un flux d’air bien mélangé . 18
7 Conception du système de prélèvement .19
7.1 Généralités . 19
7.2 Mesurage de débit volumique . 19
7.2.1 Généralités . 19
7.2.2 Mesurage du débit des rejets . 20
7.2.3 Mesurage du débit et du volume de l’échantillon d’air .20
7.2.4 Contrôles d’étanchéité . 21
7.3 Conception et fonctionnement des buses d’extraction de particules d’aérosols .22
7.3.1 Généralités .22
7.3.2 Performances des buses .22
7.3.3 Facteurs liés aux applications et aux performances .23
7.3.4 Sondes de prélèvement à buses d’entrée multiples .23
7.3.5 Matériaux de construction . 24
7.3.6 Maintenance . 24
7.3.7 Nouveaux concepts . 24
7.4 Transport de prélèvement de particules . 25
7.4.1 Généralités . 25
7.4.2 Pertes par dépôt .25
7.4.3 Corrosion .26
7.4.4 Effets électrostatiques et tubes flexibles . 26
7.4.5 Rugosité des surfaces internes . 26
7.4.6 Condensation .26
7.4.7 Nettoyage des lignes de transport . 26
7.5 Extraction et transport des échantillons de gaz et de vapeur . 27
7.6 Collecte des échantillons de particules .28
7.6.1 Généralités .28
7.6.2 Milieu filtrant .28
7.7 Collecte d’échantillons de gaz et de vapeur .29
7.7.1 Généralités .29
7.7.2 Prélèvement avec rétention des constituants spécifiques .29
7.7.3 Prélèvement sans séparation des constituants .30
7.8 Évaluation et mise à niveau des systèmes existants .30
7.9 Résumé des critères de performances et des recommandations. 31
iii
8 Assurance qualité et contrôle qualité .32
Annexe A (informative) Techniques de mesure du débit d’écoulement dans les conduits
et émissaires de rejet .33
Annexe B (informative) Modélisation des pertes de particules dans les systèmes de
transport .39
Annexe C (informative) Considérations particulières relatives à l’extraction, au transportet
au prélèvement de l’iode radioactif .49
Annexe D (informative) Optimisation du choix des filtres utilisés pour collecter les
particules radioactives en suspension dans l’air .54
Annexe E (informative) Évaluation des erreurs et de l’incertitude relatives au prélèvement
des effluents gazeux .59
Annexe F (informative) Démonstration de mélange et vérification des performancesdu
système de prélèvement .69
Annexe G (informative) Caractéristiques des particules d’aérosols transuraniens —
Implications liées aux échantillons extraits des effluents des installations
nucléaires .78
Annexe H (informative) Prélèvement et détection du tritium.82
Annexe I (informative) Niveaux d’action.85
Annexe J (informative) Assurance qualité .92
Annexe K (informative) Prélèvement et détection du carbone 14 .97
Annexe L (informative) Facteurs influençant la conception du système de prélèvement . 100
Annexe M (informative) Sondes et buses de prélèvement. 107
Annexe N (informative) Prélèvement dans les émissaires de rejet ou les conduits et analyse
pour le Ru .116
Bibliographie .117
iv
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux.
L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier, de prendre note des différents
critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a
été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir
www.iso.org/directives).
L’ISO attire l’attention sur le fait que la mise en applica
...

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ISO 24426:2023(Main)
Radiological protection — Content of input data for the statistical analysis of dose records of individuals monitored for occupational exposure to ionizing radiation

The objective of this document is to promote the harmonization of data and information reporting formats in order to provide the basis for the evaluation of occupational exposure with a view to allow for benchmarking capacity at the user level, technical review level, country level and global level (such as UNSCEAR) database or register on occupational exposure. Activity sectors and occupations (where employees are classified as occupationally exposed workers) that is included in this database or register as well as dose types and different values of interest concerning occupational exposure are described as follows. A typical national dose register (NDR): — contains personal, employment, and dosimetric data of occupational employment and wage statistics (OEWs) in the country. — assists national authorities in controlling and safekeeping of the occupational doses and to allow statistical evaluations (e.g., dose trends to answer requests from regulators and others). — assists in regulatory control by notifying regulatory authorities of overexposures within their jurisdiction and the licensee in their respective facility. — contributes to health research and to the scientific knowledge on risks from occupational exposure to ionizing radiation. — provides dose histories to individual workers and organizations for work planning and for compensation and litigation cases. All information provided by the NDR, including dose histories, may be subject to confidentiality requirements. This document is aimed at national dose registries but may be also applicable to dosimetry services that provide data to national dose registries. NOTE Such a database or register on occupational radiation dose for different sectors will, among other reasons, allow to prepare the data necessary for more global surveys, such as those undertaken by the UNSCEAR and other databases such as IAEA’s Information System on Occupational Exposure in Medicine, Industry and Research (ISEMIR), Information System on Occupational Exposure (ISOE) and the European Platform for Occupational Radiation Exposure (ESOREX‑Platform). Presently, as the formats are different, the international description of national statistics is often incomplete or inaccurate, and in the end, the comparison of data is not established yet in many countries. This standard defines a common and easily shared format to collect reliable, traceable and directly comparable data on individual and collective exposure in activity sectors and occupations as defined in a common way. This document addresses: a) a common list of activity sectors and occupations, and b) a common and easily shared format about dose types and different values of interest concerning occupational exposure in order to collect consistent and directly comparable data on individual and collective exposure.

  • Standard
    21 pages
    English language
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ISO
ISO 19238:2023(Main)
Radiological protection — Performance criteria for service laboratories performing biological dosimetry by cytogenetics — Dicentric assay

This document provides criteria for quality assurance and quality control, evaluation of the performance and the accreditation of biological dosimetry by cytogenetic service laboratories using the dicentric assay performed with manual scoring. This document is applicable to a) the confidentiality of personal information, for the requestor and the service laboratory, b) the laboratory safety requirements, c) the calibration sources and calibration dose ranges useful for establishing the reference dose-response curves that contribute to the dose estimation from unstable chromosome aberration frequency and the detection limit, d) the scoring procedure for unstable chromosome aberrations used for biological dosimetry, e) the criteria for converting a measured aberration frequency into an estimate of absorbed dose, f) the reporting of results, g) the quality assurance and quality control, and h) informative annexes containing sample instructions for requestor (see Annex A), sample questionnaire (see Annex B), sample report (see Annex C), fitting of the low dose-response curve by the method of maximum likelihood and calculating the error of the dose estimate (see Annex D), odds ratio method for cases of suspected exposure to a low dose (see Annex E), a method for determining the decision threshold and detection limit (see Annex F) and sample data sheet for recording aberrations (see Annex G).

  • Standard
    39 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    41 pages
    French language
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ISO
ISO 22188:2023(Main)
Monitoring for inadvertent movement and illicit trafficking of radioactive material

This document specifies methods and means of monitoring for inadvertent movement and illicit trafficking of radioactive material. It provides guidelines on the use of both stationary and portable, for example hand-held, instruments to monitor for radiation signatures from radioactive material. Emphasis is placed on the operational aspects, i.e., requirements derived for monitoring of traffic and commodities mainly at border-crossing facilities. Although the term border is used repeatedly in this document, it is meant to apply not only to international land borders but also maritime ports, airports, and similar locations where goods or individuals are being checked. This document does not specifically address the issue of detection of radioactive materials at recycling facilities, although it is recognized that transboundary movement of metals for recycling occurs, and that monitoring of scrap metals might be done at the borders of a state. This document is applicable to — regulatory bodies and other competent authorities seeking guidance on implementation of action plans to combat illicit trafficking, — law enforcement agencies, for example border guards, to obtain guidelines on recommended monitoring procedures, — equipment manufacturers in order to understand minimum requirements derived from operational necessities according to this document, and — end-users of radiation detection equipment applicable to this document.

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    24 pages
    English language
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