ISO/TR 19167:2019

TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 19167
First edition
2019-12
Application of ubiquitous public
access to-geographic information to
an air quality information service
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
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ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms and symbols . 3
5 UPA-to-GI environment for air quality information . 3
5.1 Overview . 3
5.2 Main components . 4
5.2.1 Air quality observation system. 4
5.2.2 Air quality information system . 4
5.2.3 Users . 4
5.3 Air quality index . 5
5.4 Use case diagram . 6
6 UPA context information model in ISO 19154 . 7
6.1 Overview . 7
6.2 UPA location context package . 7
6.3 UPA geospatial context package . 8
6.4 UPA geosemantic context package . 8
7 Air quality context information model . 8
7.1 Overview . 8
7.2 Locational air quality context information model . 9
7.3 Geospatial air quality context information model.11
7.4 Geosemantic air quality context information model.13
8 Implementation of the air quality context information model .14
8.1 Overview .14
8.2 Air quality information system components .15
8.3 Air quality information service .16
9 Conclusions .18
Annex A (informative) Investigation of global air quality information .19
Annex B (informative) Relation between this document and ISO 19154 .22
Bibliography .27
Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
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iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Rapid urbanization and industrialization have led to a severe deterioration in the atmospheric
[1][2]
environments of major cities . Air pollutants, which include both naturally occurring and
anthropogenic substances, are associated with illness and mortality in humans, and with damage to
[3]
natural and built environments . However, despite the dedicated actions over the past decades of
both international and national organizations to decrease major pollutant emissions, urban air quality
[4]
continues to worsen, affecting residential environments and harming the health of citizens .
Information communication technology (ICT) has contributed to addressing the challenges of
improving urban air quality. Sensor networks provide a powerful tool for monitoring air quality in real-
[5][6]
time through widely dispersed monitoring stations . Portable air pollution sensors, combined with
the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology, supplement an existing sensor network with
[7][8]
enhanced availability and accessibility for monitoring air quality in near real-time . Also, spatial
data infrastructure (SDI) is established for integrated and interoperable management of air pollutant
measurements at national and international levels. For example, INSPIRE, which is the European SDI
based upon ISO 19156, defines a framework to access, share, and use air quality data from member
[9]
countries . The air quality information platform is a bridge between the sensor systems and the
citizens. Both web- and mobile-based applications, highly coupled to geographic information systems
(GIS), enable citizens to easily obtain air quality information services without spatial or temporal
limitations.
As public awareness of urban atmospheric problems has risen, air pollution now has become both an
environmental and social problem. Citizens are also encouraged to participate in air quality assessment
[10]
and environmental governance . These societal and technical changes require a new paradigm to
develop an air quality information system and their services. Different from conventional air quality
information systems, citizens are no longer only consumers of air quality information, but rather
producers of air quality information. For example, a social media service such as a blog, Twitter, and
Facebook are now major communication channels for expressing the concern of citizens about urban
air quality issues. Social media technology platforms are now regarded as "social sensors" collecting
[11][12]
citizens’ perceptions of air quality .
In this document, an air quality information system was developed, referencing ISO 19154. The
ubiquitous public access to geographic information (UPA-to-GI) is a geographic information service
for the general public to easily access and produce geographic data or information in a ubiquitous
computing environment. In this system, the UPA context information model defined in ISO 19154 is
employed to systematically associate air quality data from various information sources (e.g. physical
sensor measurements, subjective citizen's opinions, and semantic social media data). The UPA context
information model is also used to formulate air quality information services, conforming to the citizen's
contextual requests.
This document aims to assist the understating of the UPA context information model and to illustrate
its application for air quality information services. In this regard, a proof of concept (POC) study was
conducted in Seoul, South Korea. The GIS-based air quality information system was designed and
implemented to realize a UPA-based air quality information service. Globally, there are widely different
approaches to monitor and report air quality. The UPA-based air quality information service model,
described in this document, is a sample of all possible examples. However, the underlying idea and
concept for designing and implementing the UPA context information model is still helpful to develop
other UPA-based air quality information services, conforming to the unique atmospheric and social
environments in each nation.
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 19167:2019(E)
Application of ubiquitous public access to-geographic
information to an air quality information service
1 Scope
This document facilitates an understanding of the Ubiquitous Public Access (UPA) context information
model, as defined in ISO 19154, to establish a UPA-to-Geographic Information (GI) environment.
In addition, this document illustrates how the UPA context information model is designed and
implemented to provide an air quality information service from a geographic information system (GIS)-
based air quality information system. The UPA context information model for air quality information
is only a sample of all possible examples to realize the UPA-to-GI that could satisfy the requirements of
ISO 19154.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1
air pollutant
material emi
...