ISO 15746-1:2015

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15746-1
First edition
2015-04-01
Automation systems and integration —
Integration of advanced process
control and optimization capabilities
for manufacturing systems —
Part 1:
Framework and functional model
Systèmes d’automatisation et intégration — Intégration de contrôles
de processus avancés et capacités d’optimisation des systèmes de
fabrication —
Partie 1: Cadre de travail et modèle fonctionnel
Reference number
©
ISO 2015
© ISO 2015
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ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions . 1
3 Abbreviated terms . 3
4 Concepts and capabilities . 3
4.1 Background concepts . 3
4.2 Capabilities of the APC-O system . 4
5 Functional architecture of the APC-O system . 4
6 Capabilities of modules within the APC-O system . 6
6.1 Soft sensor module . 6
6.2 APC module . 6
6.3 Optimization module . 6
6.4 Performance assessment module . 6
7 Structure and lifecycle phases of APC-O modules . 7
7.1 Generic structure of APC-O modules . 7
7.2 Life cycle phases of the soft sensor module . 8
7.3 Life cycle phases of the APC module .11
7.4 Life cycle phases of the optimization module .13
7.5 Life cycle phases of the performance assessment module .15
Annex A (informative) Typical example of APC-O system integration .17
Annex B (informative) PLS technique .19
Annex C (informative) Predictive control and steady state optimization .20
Annex D (informative) PID performance assessment .21
Bibliography .22
Foreword
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The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems
and integration, Subcommittee SC 5, Interoperability, integration and architectures of automation systems
and applications.
ISO 15746 consists of the following parts, under the general title Automation systems and integration —
Integration of advanced process control and optimization capabilities for manufacturing systems:
— Part 1: Framework and functional model
The following parts are planned:
— Part 2: Activity models and information exchange
— Part 3: Validation and verification
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

Introduction
As a crucial part of manufacturing systems with increased complexity, the automation and control
applications enabled by advanced process control and optimization (APC-O) methodology and solutions
perform the operations directed by production planning and scheduling. ISO 15746 deals with the
integration of APC-O with manufacturing operations management (MOM) and with automation and
control of manufacturing process and equipment.
The following IEC 62264 functionalities related to manufacturing are hierarchically structured in a
functional model, as shown in Figure 1.
a) Level 0 defines the actual physical processes.
b) Level 1 defines the activities involved in sensing and manipulating the physical processes. Level 1
typically operates on time frames of seconds and faster.
c) Level 2 defines the activities of monitoring and controlling the physical processes. Level 2 typically
operates on time frames of hours, minutes, seconds and sub-seconds.
d) Level 3 defines the activities of the work flow to produce the desired end products. It includes the
activities of maintaining records and coordinating the processes. Level 3 typically operates on time
frames of days, shifts, hours, minutes and seconds.
e) Level 4 defines the business-related activities needed to manage a manufacturing organization.
Manufacturing-related activities include establishing the basic plant schedule (such as material use,
delivery and shipping), determining inventory levels and making sure that materials are delivered
on time to the right place for production. Level 3 information is critical to Level 4 activities. Level 4
typically operates on time frames of months, weeks and days.
Figure 1 — Functional hierarchy
ISO 15746 mainly focuses on the integration of APC-O capabilities into control activities (Level 2) and
MOM (Level 3), in Figure 1.
The APC-O system within Level 2 interacts with the MOM system of Level 3. It shall provide the information
of the production processes to the MOM system, and in return accepts and executes the corresponding
operational commands from the MOM system. The APC-O system within Level 3 samples measurement
signals and monitors behaviour, and in return controls the operational systems within Level 2.
Automation solutions composed of software and hardware are provided by different suppliers to
accomplish APC-O capabilities. Due to the diversity of development environments and the variety of
demand focus, the automation solutions from various suppliers are isolated and relatively independent.
These differences make the integration of automation solutions difficult. Consequently, the customers
may purchase different automation solution components with redundant and duplicated functions,
resulting in a waste of resources and limited interoperability. This part of ISO 15746 offers a reference
interoperability framework for APC-O. It is intended to maximize the integration and interoperability of
automation solutions.
This part of ISO 15746 is intended to help:
— identify an approach to assist the providers and system integrators of APC-O systems and related
automation solutions components in verifying the interoperability of the components used to
construct the automation solutions to meet application lifecycle requirements during designing,
developing, implementing, testing, validating, installing and maintaining the automation solutions;
— identify the criteria to help users in choosing the appropriate automation solutions, such as APC-O
modules, to meet their requirements;
— outline the concepts and conceptual framework elements that will be sufficient to address the
identified problems and opportunities;
— reduce the time and cost in defining and describing the application requirements, as well as, in
developing and implementing automation solutions based on APC-O systems.
The target users of this part of ISO 15746 include users and providers of the APC-O solutions, such
as project solution suppliers, automation systems integrators, production departments of companies,
process engineers, independent software testing organizations, implementation and consulting service
organizations of APC-O software, and relevant governments and academic organizations.
vi © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15746-1:2015(E)
Automation systems and integration — Integration of
advanced process control and optimization capabilities for
manufacturing systems —
Part 1:
Framework and functional model
1 Scope
This part of ISO 15746 establishes a framework and general functionality of a method for integration of
advanced process control and optimization (APC-O) capabilities for manufacturing systems. The goal is
to reduce the cost and risk associated with developing and implementing integrated APC-O capabilities.
The scope of this part of ISO 15746 is limited to specifying the set of concepts, terms, definitions and the
associated rules for describing the required functional capabilities of APC-O units.
The following are outside the scope of this part of ISO 15746:
— definition and specification of an interface or communication protocol between APC-O capabilities;
— requirement and restriction of a specific technical specification when developing and implementing
APC-O systems;
— strategy and method of a certain APC-O system.
2 Terms and definitions
2.1
advanced process control
APC
control strategy to cope with processes characterized by large time delays (2.18), non-minimum phase,
non-linearity, loop instability and multi-variable coupling
Note 1 to entry: APC enhances basic process control by addressing particular performance or economic
opportunities in the process.
EXAMPLE MPC, Adaptive control, Inferential control.
2.2
advanced process control and optimization
APC-O
collection of advanced process control (2.1) and optimization (2.13) strategies
2.3
controller
functional unit consisting of electronic devices or realized by computers (or digital systems), which is
used to execute the specified control strategies
2.4
data driven model
model (2.11) developed through the use of data derived from tests or from the o
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