Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium — Baked anodes and cathode blocks — Part 2: Determination of apparent density and of open porosity using a hydrostatic method

This document specifies a hydrostatic method for the determination of the apparent density and the open (to water) porosity of carbonaceous products used in the production of aluminium. This hydrostatic method was developed principally to determine the open porosity but can also be used to measure the apparent density. This document is especially applicable to samples of complex on irregular geometry (due to drilling difficulties).

Produits carbonés utilisés pour la production de l'aluminium — Anodes cuites et blocs cathodiques — Partie 2: Détermination de la masse volumique apparente et de la porosité ouverte par une méthode hydrostatique

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
22-May-2018
Current Stage
9093 - International Standard confirmed
Start Date
13-Mar-2024
Completion Date
14-Feb-2026

Relations

Effective Date
04-Nov-2015

Overview

ISO 12985-2:2018 specifies a standardized hydrostatic method for determining the apparent density and open (to water) porosity of carbonaceous materials, such as baked anodes and cathode blocks used in aluminium production. This international standard, developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ensures accuracy and consistency in measuring the key quality attributes of these carbonaceous products. It is particularly valuable for analyzing samples with complex or irregular geometries, where traditional drilling or sampling is challenging.

Compliance with ISO 12985-2:2018 promotes uniform assessment practices across the aluminium industry, improving product quality control, material characterization, and process optimization.

Key Topics

  • Hydrostatic Method: Utilizes immersion, boiling, and weighing techniques to determine physical properties of carbonaceous materials.
  • Apparent Density: Defined as the ratio of the dry mass of the sample to its displaced water volume.
  • Open Porosity: Calculated as the fraction of sample volume occupied by open pores accessible to water, determined using the Archimedes principle.
  • Sampling: Procedures align with ISO 8007-1 and ISO 8007-2 to ensure representative and repeatable sample selection for cathode blocks and prebaked anodes.
  • Testing Precision: The standard specifies clear repeatability and reproducibility criteria, ensuring consistency within and between laboratories.
  • Reporting Requirements: Details necessary for test documentation, including sample identification, method references, test conditions, and any deviations.

Applications

  • Quality Control in Aluminium Production: Provides critical data for assessing and controlling the properties of baked anodes and cathode blocks, directly impacting the efficiency and reliability of aluminium electrolysis cells.
  • Material Characterization: Supports precise measurement of apparent density and porosity, which are essential for predicting the mechanical stability and operational performance of carbon materials.
  • Research and Development: Facilitates comparative studies and innovation in carbonaceous material design for enhanced aluminium production processes.
  • Supplier Assessment: Assists manufacturers and producers in verifying specifications and ensuring that delivered materials meet industry standards.
  • Testing of Irregular Samples: Especially suitable for samples with complex geometries where mechanical drilling is impractical, providing a reliable alternative for challenging material evaluations.

Related Standards

  • ISO 8007-1: Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium - Sampling plans and sampling from individual units - Part 1: Cathode blocks.
  • ISO 8007-2: Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium - Sampling plans and sampling from individual units - Part 2: Prebaked anodes.
  • ISO 5725 series: Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results, offering guidance on repeatability, reproducibility, and measurement method validation.

Adherence to ISO 12985-2:2018 ensures that laboratories, manufacturers, and quality assurance professionals have a reliable, internationally recognized approach to evaluating the density and porosity of carbonaceous materials, essential for the control, optimization, and innovation within the aluminium industry. This enhances communication between suppliers and producers and supports compliance with global trade and quality requirements.

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ISO 12985-2:2018 - Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium -- Baked anodes and cathode blocks

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ISO 12985-2:2018 - Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium — Baked anodes and cathode blocks — Part 2: Determination of apparent density and of open porosity using a hydrostatic method/23/2018

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Frequently Asked Questions

ISO 12985-2:2018 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Carbonaceous materials used in the production of aluminium — Baked anodes and cathode blocks — Part 2: Determination of apparent density and of open porosity using a hydrostatic method". This standard covers: This document specifies a hydrostatic method for the determination of the apparent density and the open (to water) porosity of carbonaceous products used in the production of aluminium. This hydrostatic method was developed principally to determine the open porosity but can also be used to measure the apparent density. This document is especially applicable to samples of complex on irregular geometry (due to drilling difficulties).

This document specifies a hydrostatic method for the determination of the apparent density and the open (to water) porosity of carbonaceous products used in the production of aluminium. This hydrostatic method was developed principally to determine the open porosity but can also be used to measure the apparent density. This document is especially applicable to samples of complex on irregular geometry (due to drilling difficulties).

ISO 12985-2:2018 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 71.100.10 - Materials for aluminium production. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

ISO 12985-2:2018 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO 12985-2:2000. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

ISO 12985-2:2018 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.

Standards Content (Sample)


INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12985-2
Second edition
2018-05
Carbonaceous materials used in the
production of aluminium — Baked
anodes and cathode blocks —
Part 2:
Determination of apparent density
and of open porosity using a
hydrostatic method
Produits carbonés utilisés pour la production de l'aluminium —
Anodes cuites et blocs cathodiques —
Partie 2: Détermination de la masse volumique apparente et de la
porosité ouverte par une méthode hydrostatique
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Reagents . 1
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Sampling . 2
8 Procedure. 2
8.1 Determination of dry sample mass . 2
8.2 Determination of the volume. 2
9 Calculation . 3
10 Precision . 3
10.1 Apparent density . 3
10.1.1 Repeatability . 3
10.1.2 Reproducibility . 3
10.2 Open porosity . 3
10.2.1 Repeatability . 3
10.2.2 Reproducibility . 4
11 Test report . 4
Bibliography . 5
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 226, Materials for the production of
primary aluminium.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, ISO 12985-2:2000, of which it constitutes a
minor revision.
A list of all parts in the ISO 12985 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reser
...


INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12985-2
Second edition
2018-05
Carbonaceous materials used in the
production of aluminium — Baked
anodes and cathode blocks —
Part 2:
Determination of apparent density
and of open porosity using a
hydrostatic method
Produits carbonés utilisés pour la production de l'aluminium —
Anodes cuites et blocs cathodiques —
Partie 2: Détermination de la masse volumique apparente et de la
porosité ouverte par une méthode hydrostatique
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Reagents . 1
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Sampling . 2
8 Procedure. 2
8.1 Determination of dry sample mass . 2
8.2 Determination of the volume. 2
9 Calculation . 3
10 Precision . 3
10.1 Apparent density . 3
10.1.1 Repeatability . 3
10.1.2 Reproducibility . 3
10.2 Open porosity . 3
10.2.1 Repeatability . 3
10.2.2 Reproducibility . 4
11 Test report . 4
Bibliography . 5
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 226, Materials for the production of
primary aluminium.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, ISO 12985-2:2000, of which it constitutes a
minor revision.
A list of all parts in the ISO 12985 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reser
...

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