ISO 17892-4:2016
(Main)Geotechnical investigation and testing — Laboratory testing of soil — Part 4: Determination of particle size distribution
Geotechnical investigation and testing — Laboratory testing of soil — Part 4: Determination of particle size distribution
ISO 17892-4.2016 specifies a method of determining the particle size distribution of soils. ISO 17892-4.2016 is applicable to the laboratory determination of the particle size distribution of a soil test specimen by sieving, or sedimentation, or a combination of both within the scope of geotechnical investigations. The particle size distribution is one of the most important physical characteristics of soil. Classification of soils is mainly based on the particle size distribution. Many geotechnical and geohydrological properties of soil are related to the particle size distribution. The particle size distribution provides a description of soil based on a subdivision in discrete classes of particle sizes. The size of each class can be determined by sieving and/or sedimentation. Coarse soils are usually tested by sieving, but fine and mixed soils are usually tested by a combination of sieving and sedimentation, depending on the composition of the soil. The sieving method described is applicable to all non-cemented soils with particle sizes less than 125 mm. Two sedimentation methods are described: the hydrometer method and the pipette method. NOTE ISO 17892-4.2016 fulfils the requirements of the particle size distribution testing in accordance with EN 1997-2.
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques — Essais de laboratoire sur les sols — Partie 4: Détermination de la distribution granulométrie des particules
ISO 17892-4:2016 spécifie une méthode de détermination de la distribution granulométrique des particules des sols. ISO 17892-4:2016 s'applique à la détermination en laboratoire de la distribution granulométrique des particules d'un échantillon d'essai de sol par tamisage, ou sédimentation, ou une combinaison des deux dans le cadre d'investigations géotechniques. La distribution granulométrique des particules (ou granulométrie) est l'une des caractéristiques physiques les plus importantes des sols. C'est essentiellement de celle-ci que dépend la classification des sols. En outre, de nombreuses propriétés géotechniques et hydrogéologiques sont liées à la distribution granulométrique des particules. La distribution granulométrique des particules fournit une description du sol fondée sur une subdivision en classes discrètes en fonction des dimensions des particules. La dimension de chacune de ces classes peut être déterminée par tamisage et/ou sédimentation. Les essais portant sur des sols grossiers sont généralement réalisés par tamisage, mais les essais portant sur des sols fins et mixtes sont généralement réalisés par une combinaison de tamisage et de sédimentation, en fonction de la composition du sol. La méthode de tamisage décrite peut être appliquée à tous les sols non cimentés dont les dimensions des particules sont inférieures à 125 mm. Deux méthodes de sédimentation sont décrites: la méthode au densimètre et à la pipette. NOTE ISO 17892-4:2016 satisfait aux exigences d'essai de distribution granulométrique des particules de l'EN 1997-2.
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 17892-4
ISO/TC 182/SC 1 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2014-06-05 2014-11-05
Geotechnical investigation and testing — Laboratory
testing of soil —
Part 4:
Determination of particle size distribution
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques — Essais de laboratoire sur les sols —
Partie 4: Détermination de la granulométrie
ICS: 13.080.20;93.020
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ISO/DIS 17892-4:2014(E)
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prEN ISO 17892-4:2013 (E)
Contents
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Equipment . 6
4.1 General . 6
4.2 Sieving . 7
4.3 Hydrometer method . 7
4.4 Pipette method . 8
4.5 Reagents . 9
5 Test procedure . 10
5.1 Selection of test method . 10
5.2 Sieving . 10
5.3 Hydrometer analysis . 15
5.4 Pipette analysis . 19
6 Test results . 20
6.1 Sieving . 20
6.2 Hydrometer . 20
6.3 Pipette . 23
7 Test report . 24
Annex A (Normative) Calibration, maintenance and checks . 26
Annex B (Informative) Pre-treatment of samples……………………………… . ………………………………32
Bibliography . 33
Tables
Table 1 — Minimum masses required for sieving . 12
Table 2 — Maximum mass of soil retained on each sieve. 14
Table 3 — Dry mass of soil specimen for hydrometer sedimentation test . 17
Table 4 — Dry mass of sample smaller than 2mm for pipette sedimentation test . 19
Table 5 — Dynamic viscosity of water . 22
Table A.1 — Grading of the performance check sample . 28
Figures
Figure 1 — Example of pipette configuration . 9
Figure 2 — General sieving procedure . 11
Figure 3 — General sedimentation procedure . 16
Figure 4 — Example of a particle size distribution result. 25
Figure A.1 — Example of calibration of hydrometer scale . 31
prEN ISO 17892-4:2013 (E)
Foreword
This document (prCEN ISO 17892-4:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 341 “Geotechnical
investigation and testing”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI, in collaboration with Technical Committee
ISO/TC 182 “Geotechnics”.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CEN ISO/TS 17892 consists of the following parts, under the general title Geotechnical investigation and testing —
Laboratory testing of soil:
Part 1: Determination of water content.
Part 2: Determination of bulk density.
Part 3: Determination of particle density.
Part 4: Determination of particle size distribution.
Part 5: Incremental loading oedometer test.
Part 6: Fall cone test.
Part 7: Unconfined compression test.
Part 8: Unconsolidated undrained triaxial test.
Part 9: Consolidated triaxial compression tests.
Part 10: Direct shear tests.
Part 11: Permeability tests.
Part 12: Determination of liquid and plastic limits.
prEN ISO 17892-4:2013 (E)
Introduction
This document covers areas in the international field of geotechnical engineering never previously standardised. It
is intended that this document presents broad good practice throughout the world and significant differences with
national documents is not anticipated. It is based on international practice (see [1]).
prEN ISO 17892-4:2013 (E)
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method of determining the particle size distribution of soils.
This International Standard is applicable to the laboratory determination of the particle size distribution of a soil test
specimen by sieving, or sedimentation, or a combination of both within the scope of geotechnical investigations.
The particle size distribution is one of the most important physical characteristics of soil. Classification of soils is
mainly based on the particle size distribution. Many geotechnical and geohydrological properties of soil are related
to the particle size distribution.
The particle size distribution provides a description of soil, based on a subdivision in discrete classes of particle
sizes. The size of each class can be determined by sieving and/or sedimentation. Coarse soils are usually tested
just by sieving, but fine and mixed soils should be tested by a combination of sieving and sedimentation, depending
on the composition of the soil.
Sieving is the process whereby the soil is separated in particle size classes by the use of test sieves.
Sedimentation is the process of the settling of soil particles in a liquid, where differences in settling rates enable the
particle size classes to be separated. Two sedimentation methods are described; the hydrometer method and the
pipette method.
The methods described are applicable to all non-cemented soils with particle sizes less than 125 mm.
Depending on the purpose for the determination of the particle size distribution, pre-treatment or correction for
calcium carbonate, dissolved salts and/or organic matter can be required.
Other methods that incorporate detection systems using x-rays, lasers, density measurements and particle
counters are not covered by this document.
NOTE This document fulfils the requirements of the particle size analysis testing in accordance with EN 1997-1
and EN 1997-2.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for
its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 14688-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing - identification and classification of soil. Part 1:
identification and description.
EN ISO 17892-1, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Laboratory testing of soil — Part 1: Determination of
water content.
EN ISO 17892-3, Geotechnical investigation and testing — Laboratory testing of soil — Part 3: Determination of
particle density.
ISO 386, Liquid in glass thermometers – principles of design, construction and use
ISO 565, Test sieves - Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet - Nominal sizes of
openings.
ISO 3310-1, Test sieves - Technical requirements and testing - Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth.
ISO 3310-2, Test sieves - Technical requirements and testing - Part 2: Test sieves of perforated metal plate.
prEN ISO 17892-4:2013 (E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
particle size distribution
proportions by mass of the various particle size classes present in a soil
3.2
equivalent particle diameter
particle diameter calculated from sedimentation data using Stoke's law, assuming spherical particles
4 Equipment
4.1 General
See Annex A for calibration, maintenance and checks on the following equipment
4.1.1 Balances
The balance for sieve analysis and hydrometer test shall have an accuracy of 0,01 g or 0,1% of the weighed
mass whichever value is the greater. The balance for pipette test shall have an accuracy of 0,001 g or 0,1% of
the weighed mass whichever is the greater.
4.1.2 Drying ovens
The drying oven should be of the forced-draft type and shall be capable of maintaining a uniform temperature
throughout the drying chamber. Any air circulation shall not be so strong that any transport of particles can take
place.
4.1.3 Timing devices
The watch or clock shall be accurate and readable to 1s.
4.1.4 Temperature measuring devices
Temperature measuring devices, such as thermometers and thermocouples, shall cover the temperature range
of that part of the test and be accurate to 0,1°C.
4.1.5 Desiccator
A desiccator, if used, shall be of suitable size and contain dry, self-indicating desiccant such as silica gel. It is
not required if test specimen containers with close-fitting lids are used.
4.1.6 Test specimen containers
Test specimen containers shall be made of a material that does not change mass as a result of repeated drying
cycles. Glass, porcelain and corrosion-resistant metals have been found to be suitable.
Containers shall have a capacity large enough to hold the mass of sample to be dried witho
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17892-4
First edition
2016-11-01
Geotechnical investigation and
testing — Laboratory testing of soil —
Part 4:
Determination of particle size
distribution
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques — Essais de laboratoire sur
les sols —
Partie 4: Détermination de la distribution granulométrie des
particules
Reference number
©
ISO 2016
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
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CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Apparatus . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Sieving method . 3
4.3 Hydrometer method . 4
4.4 Pipette method . 4
4.5 Reagents. 6
5 Test procedure . 6
5.1 Selection of test method. 6
5.2 Sieving method . 7
5.2.1 General. 7
5.2.2 Specimen preparation . 9
5.2.3 Test execution .10
5.3 Hydrometer method .12
5.3.1 General.12
5.3.2 Specimen preparation .14
5.3.3 Test execution .15
5.4 Pipette method .15
5.4.1 General.15
5.4.2 Specimen preparation .16
5.4.3 Test execution .16
5.5 Combined tests .16
6 Test results .18
6.1 Sieving .18
6.1.1 Fraction passing each sieve .18
6.2 Hydrometer .18
6.2.1 Total dry mass .18
6.2.2 Fraction passing each sieve .19
6.2.3 True hydrometer reading .19
6.2.4 Effective depth .19
6.2.5 Equivalent particle diameter .19
6.2.6 Modified hydrometer reading .20
6.2.7 Fraction smaller than equivalent particle diameter .20
6.2.8 Correction for material larger than 2 mm .21
6.3 Pipette.21
6.3.1 Total dry mass .21
6.3.2 Fraction passing each sieve .21
6.3.3 Equivalent particle diameter .21
6.3.4 Fraction smaller than equivalent particle diameter .22
6.3.5 Correction for material larger than 2 mm .22
7 Test report .22
Annex A (normative) Calibration, maintenance and checks .24
Annex B (informative) Pre-treatment of samples .30
Bibliography .31
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
ISO 17892-4 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 341, Geotechnical investigation and testing, in collaboration with ISO Technical Committee
TC 182, Geotechnics, in accordance with the agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN
(Vienna Agreement).
This first edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 17892-4:2004), which has been
technically revised.
It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO/TS 17892-4:2004/Cor 1:2006.
A full list of parts in the ISO 17892 series, published under the general title Geotechnical investigation
and testing — Laboratory testing of soil, can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This part of ISO 17892 covers areas in the international field of geotechnical engineering never
previously standardized. It is intended that this part of ISO 17892 presents broad good practice
throughout the world and significant differences with national documents is not anticipated. It is based
on international practice (see Reference [2]).
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17892-4:2016(E)
Geotechnical investigation and testing — Laboratory
testing of soil —
Part 4:
Determination of particle size distribution
1 Scope
This part of ISO 17892 specifies a method of determining the particle size distribution of soils.
This part of ISO 17892 is applicable to the laboratory determination of the particle size distribution
of a soil test specimen by sieving, or sedimentation, or a combination of both within the scope of
geotechnical investigations.
The particle size distribution is one of the most important physical characteristics of soil. Classification
of soils is mainly based on the particle size distribution. Many geotechnical and geohydrological
properties of soil are related to the particle size distribution.
The particle size distribution provides a description of soil based on a subdivision in discrete classes of
particle sizes. The size of each class can be determined by sieving and/or sedimentation. Coarse soils
are usually tested by sieving, but fine and mixed soils are usually tested by a combination of sieving and
sedimentation, depending on the composition of the soil.
The sieving method described is applicable to all non-cemented soils with particle sizes less than
125 mm. Two sedimentation methods are described: the hydrometer method and the pi
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 17892-4
Première édition
2016-11-01
Reconnaissance et essais
géotechniques — Essais de laboratoire
sur les sols —
Partie 4:
Détermination de la distribution
granulométrie des particules
Geotechnical investigation and testing — Laboratory testing of soil —
Part 4: Determination of particle size distribution
Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2016
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© ISO 2016, Publié en Suisse
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copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – Tous droits réservés
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 2
4 Appareillage . 2
4.1 Généralités . 2
4.2 Méthode de tamisage. 3
4.3 Méthode du densimètre . 4
4.4 Méthode de la pipette . 5
4.5 Réactifs . 6
5 Procédures d’essai . 7
5.1 Sélection de la méthode d’essai . 7
5.2 Méthode de tamisage. 7
5.2.1 Généralités . 7
5.2.2 Préparation de l’éprouvette . 9
5.2.3 Mode opératoire d’essai .10
5.3 Méthode du densimètre .11
5.3.1 Généralités .11
5.3.2 Préparation de l’éprouvette .14
5.3.3 Mode opératoire d’essai .15
5.4 Méthode de la pipette .15
5.4.1 Généralités .15
5.4.2 Préparation de l’éprouvette .16
5.4.3 Mode opératoire d’essai .16
5.5 Essais combinés .17
6 Résultats d’essais .19
6.1 Tamisage .19
6.1.1 Fraction des particules passant au travers de chaque tamis .19
6.2 Densimètre .19
6.2.1 Masse sèche totale .19
6.2.2 Fraction des particules passant au travers de chaque tamis .20
6.2.3 Valeur vraie du densimètre .20
6.2.4 Profondeur effective .20
6.2.5 Diamètre équivalent des particules .20
6.2.6 Lecture corrigée du densimètre .21
6.2.7 Fraction des particules de dimension inférieure au diamètre équivalent .21
6.2.8 Correction pour la fraction supérieure à 2 mm.22
6.3 Pipette.22
6.3.1 Masse sèche totale .22
6.3.2 Fraction des particules passant au travers de chaque tamis .22
6.3.3 Diamètre équivalent des particules .22
6.3.4 Fraction des particules de dimension inférieure au diamètre équivalent .23
6.3.5 Correction pour la fraction supérieure à 2 mm.23
7 Rapport d’essai .23
Annexe A (normative) Étalonnage, maintenance et contrôles .25
Annexe B (informative) Pré-traitement des échantillons .32
Bibliographie .33
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO, participent également aux travaux.
L’ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction définies dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir www.
iso.org/directives).
L’attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l’objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l’élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l’Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l’ISO (voir www.iso.org/patents).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la signification des termes et expressions spécifiques de l’ISO liés à l’évaluation
de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l’adhésion de l’ISO aux principes de l’organisation
mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien
suivant: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
L’ISO 17892-4 a été élaborée par le comité technique du Comité européen de normalisation CEN/TC 341,
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques, en collaboration avec le comité technique TC 182, Géotechniques,
conformément à l’accord de coopération technique entre l’ISO et le CEN (accord de Vienne).
Cette première édition annule et remplace la première édition (ISO/TS 17892-4:2004), qui a fait l’objet
d’une révision technique.
Elle intègre également le rectificatif technique ISO/TS 17892-4:2004/Cor, 1.
Une liste de toutes les parties de la série ISO 17892, publiées avec le titre général «Reconnaissance et
essais géotechniques — Essai de laboratoire sur les sols», sont disponibles sur le site internet de l’ISO.
iv © ISO 2016 – Tous droits réservés
Introduction
Cette partie de l’ISO 17892 couvre des sujets n’ayant jusqu’alors pas été normalisés au niveau
international dans le domaine de la géotechnique. L’objectif de cette partie de l’ISO 17892 est de
présenter la pratique généralement en vigueur au niveau mondial et aucune différence significative
n’est attendue par rapport aux documents nationaux. Celle-ci s’appuie sur une pratique internationale
(voir la Référence [2]).
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 17892-4:2016(F)
Reconnaissance et essais géotechniques — Essais de
laboratoire sur les sols —
Partie 4:
Détermination de la distribution granulométrie des
particules
1 Domaine d’application
Cette partie de l’ISO 17892 spécifie une méthode de détermination de la distribution granulométrique
des particules des sols.
Cette partie de l’ISO 17892 s’applique à la détermination en laboratoire de la distribution
granulométrique des particules d’un échantillon d’essai de sol par tamisage, ou sédimentation, ou une
combinaison des deux dans le cadre d’investigations géotechniques.
La distribution granulométrique des particules (ou granulométrie) est l’une des caractéristiques
physiques les plus importantes des sols. C’est essentiellement de celle-ci que dépend la classification des
sols. En outre, de nombreuses propriétés géotechniques et hydrogéologiques sont liées à la distribution
granulométrique des particules.
La distribution granulométrique des particules fournit une description du sol fondée sur une
subdivision en classes discrètes en fonction des dimensions des particules. La dimension de chacune
de ces classes peut être déterminée par tamisage et/ou sédimentation. Les essais portant sur des sols
grossiers sont généralement réalisés par tamisage,
...
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