ISO 3574:2012
(Main)Cold-reduced carbon steel sheet of commercial and drawing qualities
General Information
- Abstract
ISO 3074:2012 applies to cold-reduced carbon steel sheet of commercial and drawing qualities. It is suitable for applications where the surface is of prime importance.
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 09-Dec-2012
- Technical Committee
- ISO/TC 17/SC 12 - Continuous mill flat rolled products
- Drafting Committee
- ISO/TC 17/SC 12 - Continuous mill flat rolled products
- Current Stage
- 9093 - International Standard confirmed
- Start Date
- 21-Aug-2024
- Completion Date
- 29-Aug-2026
Buy Documents
ISO 3574:2012 - Cold-reduced carbon steel sheet of commercial and drawing qualities Released:12/10/2012
ISO 3574:2012 - Cold-reduced carbon steel sheet of commercial and drawing qualities Released:5/19/2014
Overview
ISO 3574:2012 specifies requirements for cold-reduced carbon steel sheet of commercial and drawing qualities. The standard covers sheets produced from hotβrolled descaled steel that are coldβreduced and annealed, and is intended for applications where surface appearance is of prime importance. Material is supplied in coils or cut lengths, commonly in thicknesses from 0.36 mm and up and widths 600 mm and over.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Material grades: Defines commercial and drawing qualities identified as CR1 (commercial) and CR2βCR5 (drawing / deep drawing / extra deep drawing, including stabilized interstitial free - IF - steels).
- Chemical composition: Heat analysis limits and product analysis tolerances are specified; certain alloying element limits and combinations are constrained (see Tables 1β3 in the standard).
- Surface condition and finish: Two surface qualities-A (unexposed) and B (exposed)-with permitted imperfections listed; surface finish and oiling practices (oil usually applied to deter rust) are addressed.
- Manufacturing conditions: Requirements on skin passing, annealing options, weldability and fabrication behaviour. Skin pass is used to improve surface smoothness and flatness but can affect ductility.
- Mechanical testing: Tensile test sampling and tensile tests (referencing ISO 6892β1) and provisions for retests and additional tests.
- Dimensional and shape tolerances: Coil size, thickness and width ranges, camber, outβofβsquare and related tolerances (see ISO 16162 for dimensional tolerance details).
- Strain ageing: Guidance on susceptibility to LΓΌders lines and recommended stock rotation and handling to minimise strain ageing effects.
- Inspection, marking and purchaser information: Inspection/acceptance clauses, marking, and information the purchaser must supply at ordering.
Applications
ISO 3574:2012 is used where formability and surface quality matter. Typical practical applications include:
- Formed and drawn parts (automotive body panels, appliance shells)
- Decorative or exposed sheet components where surface appearance is critical
- Fabricated items requiring good weldability and controlled surface finish
Who uses this standard
- Steel producers and coil suppliers for quality control and product specification
- Purchasing/specification engineers for procurement of coldβreduced sheets
- Fabricators, stampers and OEMs requiring defined drawing qualities (CR2βCR5)
- Quality assurance and inspection teams validating chemical and mechanical tests
Related standards
- ISO 6892β1 (tensile testing at room temperature)
- ISO 10113, ISO 10275 (plastic strain ratio and strain hardening exponent)
- ISO 16162 (dimensional and shape tolerances)
Keywords: ISO 3574:2012, coldβreduced carbon steel sheet, drawing qualities, CR1 CR2 CR3 CR4 CR5, skin pass, strain ageing, surface finish, tensile test.
Relations
- Effective Date
- 25-Aug-2026
- Referred By
EN ISO 9227:2017 - Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres - Salt spray tests (ISO 9227:2017) - Effective Date
- 25-Aug-2026
- Effective Date
- 25-Aug-2026
- Referred By
EN ISO 9227:2022 - Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres - Salt spray tests (ISO 9227:2022) - Effective Date
- 25-Aug-2026
- Referred By
EN ISO 16089:2025 - Machine tools - Safety - Stationary grinding machines (ISO 16089:2025) - Effective Date
- 04-Mar-2026
- Effective Date
- 18-Feb-2026
- Effective Date
- 06-Jun-2022
- Effective Date
- 22-Oct-2011
Buy Documents
ISO 3574:2012 - Cold-reduced carbon steel sheet of commercial and drawing qualities Released:12/10/2012
ISO 3574:2012 - Cold-reduced carbon steel sheet of commercial and drawing qualities Released:5/19/2014
Get Certified
Connect with accredited certification bodies for this standard
Element Materials Technology
Materials testing and product certification.
InΕ‘titut za kovinske materiale in tehnologije
Institute of Metals and Technology. Materials testing, metallurgical analysis, NDT.
Sponsored listings
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO 3574:2012 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Cold-reduced carbon steel sheet of commercial and drawing qualities". This standard covers: ISO 3074:2012 applies to cold-reduced carbon steel sheet of commercial and drawing qualities. It is suitable for applications where the surface is of prime importance.
ISO 3074:2012 applies to cold-reduced carbon steel sheet of commercial and drawing qualities. It is suitable for applications where the surface is of prime importance.
ISO 3574:2012 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 77.140.50 - Flat steel products and semi-products. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO 3574:2012 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN ISO 11997-3:2023, EN ISO 9227:2017, EN ISO 9455-13:2017, EN ISO 9227:2022, EN ISO 16089:2025, EN ISO 21182:2025, ISO 14731:2019, ISO 3574:2008. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ISO 3574:2012 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3574
Fifth edition
2012-12-15
Cold-reduced carbon steel sheet of
commercial and drawing qualities
TΓ΄les en acier au carbone laminΓ©es Γ froid de qualitΓ© commerciale et
pour emboutissage
Reference number
Β©
ISO 2012
Β©βISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the
address below or ISOβs member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 β’ CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii Β© ISO 2012 β All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Dimensions . 2
5 Conditions of manufacture . 2
5.1 Chemical composition . 2
5.2 Skin passing . 3
5.3 Oiling . 3
5.4 Weldability . 3
5.5 Fabrication qualities. 3
5.6 Strain ageing . 4
5.7 Surface condition . 4
5.8 Surface finish . 5
5.9 Application . 5
5.10 Mechanical properties . 5
6 Dimensional and shape tolerances . 6
7 Tensile test sampling . 7
8 Tensile test . 7
9 Retests . 7
9.1 Machining and flaws. 7
9.2 Elongation . 7
9.3 Additional tests . 7
10 Resubmission . 7
11 Workmanship . 7
11.1 Commercial quality CR1 . 7
11.2 Drawing quality CR2, CR3, CR4, CR5 . 8
12 Inspection and acceptance . 8
13 Coil size . 8
14 Marking . 8
15 Information to be supplied by the purchaser. 8
Bibliography .10
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 3574 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 17, Steel, Subcommittee SC 12, Continuous mill
flat rolled products.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 3574:2008), which has been technically revised.
iv Β© ISO 2012 β All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3574:2012(E)
Cold-reduced carbon steel sheet of commercial and
drawing qualities
1 Scope
This International Standard applies to cold-reduced carbon steel sheet of commercial and drawing
qualities. It is suitable for applications where the surface is of prime importance.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the reference document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials β Tensile testing β Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
ISO 10113, Metallic materials β Sheet and strip β Determination of plastic strain ratio
ISO 10275, Metallic materials β Sheet and strip β Determination of tensile strain hardening exponent
ISO 16162, Cold-rolled steel sheet products β Dimensional and shape tolerances
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
cold-reduced steel sheet
product obtained from hot-rolled descaled steel sheet by cold reducing to the required sheet thickness
followed by annealing to recrystallize the grain structure
3.2
skin pass
light cold-rolling of hot-rolled steel sheet or hot-rolled descaled steel
Note 1 to entry: The purpose of the skin pass is to produce a higher degree of surface smoothness and thereby
improve the surface appearance. The skin pass also temporarily minimizes the occurrence of a surface condition
known as stretcher strain (Luderβs Lines) or fluting during the fabrication of finished parts. The skin pass also
controls and improves flatness. Some increase in hardness and loss of ductility will result from skin passing.
3.3
camber
greatest deviation of a side edge from a straight line, the measurement being taken on the concave side
with a straightedge
3.4
out-of-square
greatest deviation of an end edge from a straight line at right angles to a side and touching one corner, the
measurement being taken as described in ISO 16162, or measurable as one-half the difference between
the diagonals of the cut-length sheet
3.5
stabilized interstitial free steel
extra-low-carbon steel in which all interstitial elements are combined with titanium and/or
equivalent elements
4 Dimensions
4.1 Cold-reduced carbon steel sheet is produced in thicknesses of 0,36 mm and thicker (commonly
produced up to 4 mm) and in widths of 600 mm and over, in coils and cut lengths.
4.2 Cold-reduced sheet less than 600 mm wide can be slit from wide sheet and will be considered as sheet.
5 Conditions of manufacture
5.1 Chemical composition
The chemical composition (heat analysis) shall not exceed the values given in Tables 1 and 2. On request,
a report of the heat analysis shall be made to the purchaser.
Each of the elements listed in Table 2 shall be included in the report of the heat analysis. When the
amount of copper, nickel, chromium or molybdenum present is less that 0,02 %, the analysis result may
be reported as β< 0,02 %β.
A verification analysis may be made by the purchaser to verify the specified analysis of the product and
shall take into consideration any normal heterogeneity. Non-killed steels (such as rimmed or capped
steels) are not technologically suited to product analysis. For killed steels, the sampling method and
deviation limits shall be agreed upon between the interested parties at the time of ordering. The product
analysis tolerances are shown in Table 3.
The processes used in making the steel and in manufacturing zinc-coated sheet are left to the discretion
of the manufacturer. When requested, the purchaser shall be informed of the steel-making process used.
Table 1 β Chemical composition (heat analysis)
Mass fractions in percent
Quality
a
Carbon Manganese Phosphorus Sulfur Titanium
max. max. max. max. max.
Designation Name
CR1 Commercial 0,15 0,60 0,050 0,035 β
b
CR2 Drawing 0,10 0,50 0,040 0,035 β
b
CR3 Deep drawing 0,08 0,45 0,030 0,03 β
Deep drawing aluminum
CR4 0,06 0,45 0,030 0,03 β
killedb (non-ageing)
c
Extra deep drawing
CR5 0,02 0,25 0,020 0,02 0,15
(stabilized interstitial free)
a
Titanium may be replaced totally or partially by niobium or vanadium. Carbon and nitrogen shall be completely stabilized.
b
If interstitial free (IF steel) is to be applied to CR2, CR3 and CR4 orders, the values of 0,15 % maximum Ti, and 0,10 %
maximum Nb and V, are acceptable to ensure that the carbon and nitrogen are fully stabilized.
c
By agreement, the manganese, phosphorus and sulfur maximums may be adjusted.
2 Β© ISO 2012 β All rights reserved
Table 2 β Limits on additional chemical elements
Mass fractions in percent
Heat analysis Product analysis
Elements
max. max.
a
Cu 0,20 0,23
a
Ni 0,20 0,23
a, b
Cr 0,15 0,19
a, b
Mo 0,06 0,07
c
Nb 0,008 0,018
c
V 0,008 0,018
c
Ti 0,008 0,018
a
The sum of copper, nickel, chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0,50 % on heat analysis. When one or more of
these elements are specified, the sum does not apply; in which case, only the individual limits on the remaining elements will
apply.
b
The sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0,16 % on heat analysis. When one or more of these elements
are specified, the sum does not apply; in which case, only the individual limits on the remaining elements will apply.
c
For stabilized steels, the maximum for titanium is 0,15 %, and the maximum for each of niobium and vanadium is
0,10 %, to ensure that the carbon and nitrogen are fully stabilized.
Table 3 β Product analysis tolerances
Mass fractions in percent
Tolerance over maximum speci-
Element Maximum of specified element
fied
Carbon 0,15 0,03
Manganese 0,60 0,03
Phosphoru
...
ΠΠΠΠΠ£ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ«Π ISO
Π‘Π’ΠΠΠΠΠ Π’ 3574
ΠΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
2012-12-15
Π‘ΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΆΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ
Cold reduced carbon steel of commercial and drawing qualities
ΠΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡ GOST R
(Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ) Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΉ 18.1 Π£ΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ISO
Π‘ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Β©
ISO 2012
ΠΠΠΠ£ΠΠΠΠ’ ΠΠΠ©ΠΠ©ΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ
Β© ISO 2012
ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅, Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌΡ, Π±Π΅Π·
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ° ISO ΠΏΠΎ Π°Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ISO Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
ΠΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π² Π¨Π²Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ii Β© ISO 2012 β ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π‘ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅. iv
1 ΠΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ . 1
2 ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ . 1
3 Π’Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ . 1
4 Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ . 2
5 ΠΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ . 2
5.1 Π₯ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² . 2
5.2 ΠΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° . 4
5.3 ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ . 4
5.4 Π‘Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ . 4
5.5 ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ . 4
5.6 ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ . 4
5.7 Π‘ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ . 5
5.8 Π§ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ . 5
5.9 ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ . 5
5.10 ΠΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° . 5
6 ΠΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ . 7
7 ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ . 7
8 ΠΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ . 7
9 ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ . 7
9.1 ΠΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ . 7
9.2 Π£Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ . 7
9.3 ΠΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ . 7
10 ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΈ . 8
11 ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ . 8
11.1 ΠΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° CR1 . 8
11.2 ΠΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° CR2, CR3, CR4, CR5 . 8
12 ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠ° . 8
13 Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π° . 8
14 ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° . 8
15 ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ . 9
ΠΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ . 10
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ (ISO) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ISO). Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ISO. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½, Π·Π°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ
ISO, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
. ISO ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Ρ ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (IEC) ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ
ISO/IEC, Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 2.
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌ-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌ
Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎ
ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅, 75 % ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ
Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π². ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ISO Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ
Π·Π° ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π², ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ.
ISO 3574 ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ISO/TC 17, Π‘ΡΠ°Π»Ρ, ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ SC 12, ΠΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°.
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ (ISO 3574:2008), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ.
iv Β© ISO 2012 - ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ
ΠΠΠΠΠ£ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ«Π Π‘Π’ΠΠΠΠΠ Π’ ISO 3574:2012(R)
Π‘ΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΆΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ,
ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ
1 ΠΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ,
ΠΎΠ±ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡ Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
,
ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
2 ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ
Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ
ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° (Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π»ΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ).
ISO 6892-1, ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 1. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅
ISO 10113, ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°
ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ISO 10275, ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ
ISO 16162, ΠΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ
3 Π’Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ»Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
3.1
ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΉ Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ
cold-reduced steel sheet
ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ° Π±Π΅Π· ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΆΠΈΠ³ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½Π°
3.2
Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° (ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π² Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈ)
skin pass
Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠ°Ρ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ° Π±Π΅Π· ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π² Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π³Π»Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π΅ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°. ΠΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π² Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Ρ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π° (Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° - ΠΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΡΠ°) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ°
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π² Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ
ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Π² Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ.
3.3
Π²ΡΠΏΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΡΡΡ (ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ)
camber
Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ³Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π΅
3.4
Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ (ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ)
out-of-square
Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ Π±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ
ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»Π°, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ Π² ISO 16162, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ
3.5
ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
stabilized interstitial free steel
ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
4 Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ
4.1 ΠΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ 0,36 ΠΌΠΌ ΠΈ
ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅ (ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ 4 ΠΌΠΌ) ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ 600 ΠΌΠΌ ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅, Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ
.
4.2 ΠΠΈΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π² Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 600 ΠΌΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π»ΠΈΡΡ.
5 ΠΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
5.1 Π₯ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²
Π₯ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² (Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ) Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² Π’Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
1 ΠΈ 2. ΠΠΎ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ» Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² Π’Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ 2, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ» Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ³Π΄Π°
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ, Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ, Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ±Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 0,02 %, ΡΠΎ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ β< 0,02 %β.
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·
ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ (ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠΈΠΏΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ) ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΈΠΏΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄
ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ± ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π·Π°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°. ΠΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π² Π’Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ 3.
ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠΈΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ.
2 Β© ISO 2012 β ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ
Π’Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ° 1 β Π₯ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² (Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ)
Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅
ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°
a
Carbon Manganese Phosphorus Sulfur Titanium
ΠΠ°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ. ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ.
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ. ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ. ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ.
ΠΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
CR1 Π’ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ 0,15 0,60 0,050 0,035 β
b
CR2 ΠΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ 0,10 0,50 0,040 0,035 β
b
CR3 ΠΠ»Ρ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΡΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ 0,08 0,45 0,030 0,03 β
ΠΠ»Ρ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΡΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ
CR4 0,06 0,45 0,030 0,03 β
Π°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
(Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ)
ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ
c
Π²ΡΡΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ
CR5 0,02 0,25 0,020 0,02 0,15
(ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π°, Π±Π΅Π·
ΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ)
a
Π’ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ Π½ΠΈΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π°Π½Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Π£Π³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈ Π°Π·ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ.
b
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ CR2, CR3 and CR4 Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠ°Π·Ρ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ 0,15 % ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ Ti, ΠΈ 0,10 % ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ Nb ΠΈ V,
ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ°.
c
ΠΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ
Π’Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ° 2 β ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ
Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅
ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ. ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡ.
a
Cu 0,20 0,23
a
Ni 0,20 0,23
a, b
Cr 0,15 0,19
a, b
Mo 0,06 0,07
c
Nb 0,008 0,018
c
V 0,008 0,018
c
Ti 0,008 0,018
a
ΠΡΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ, Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅Π»Ρ, Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ±Π΄Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ 0,50 %. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ° Π½Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ.
b
ΠΡΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ° Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ±Π΄Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ 0,16 %. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ
Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ° Π½Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ.
c
ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° - 0,15 %, ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ 0,10 % Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°
Π½ΠΈΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²Π°Π½Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ°.
Π’Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ° 3 β ΠΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ
Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅
ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠ°
Π£Π³Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ 0,15 0,03
ΠΠ°ΡΠ³Π°Π½Π΅Ρ 0,60 0,03
Π€ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡ 0,05 0,01
Π‘Π΅ΡΠ° 0,035 0,01
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ β ΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° Π½Π΅
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ.
5.2 ΠΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ°
ΠΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ (ΡΠΌ. 3.2), Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ (Ρ.Π΅. Π±Π΅Π· Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ), Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π΅.
5.3 ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΠ»Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π°. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ
ΡΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΡΠΆΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅, ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π·ΠΆΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠΈΠΊΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π° Π±ΡΠ» ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½. ΠΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ΅,
ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠΊ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΉΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
5.4 Π‘Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ.
5.5 ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
5.5.1 ΠΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° (CR1) ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π³Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ, Π½Π΅Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ.
5.5.2 ΠΠΈΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ (CR2, CR3, CR4, CR5) ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ,
Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ 0,36 ΠΌΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅ (ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ 4 ΠΌΠΌ) ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
600 ΠΌΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅, Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ
. ΠΠΈΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ
...