ISO/FDIS 16890-1
(Main)Air filters for general ventilation — Part 1: Technical specifications, requirements and classification system based upon particulate matter efficiency (ePM)
General Information
- Abstract
ISO 16890-1:2016 establishes an efficiency classification system of air filters for general ventilation based upon particulate matter (PM). It also provides an overview of the test procedures, and specifies general requirements for assessing and marking the filters, as well as for documenting the test results. It is intended for use in conjunction with ISO 16890‑2, ISO 16890‑3 and ISO 16890‑4. The test method described in this part of ISO 16890 is applicable for air flow rates between 0,25 m3/s (900 m3/h, 530 ft3/min) and 1,5 m3/s (5 400 m3/h, 3 178 ft3/min), referring to a test rig with a nominal face area of 610 mm × 610 mm (24 inch × 24 inch). ISO 16890 (all parts) refers to particulate air filter elements for general ventilation having an ePM1 efficiency less than or equal to 99 % when tested according to the procedures defined within ISO 16890‑1, ISO 16890‑2, ISO 16890‑3 and ISO 16890‑4. Air filter elements with a higher initial efficiency are evaluated by other applicable test methods (see ISO 29463-1, ISO 29463-2, ISO 29463-3, ISO 29463-4 and ISO 29463-5). Filter elements used in portable room-air cleaners are excluded from the scope of this part of ISO 16890. The performance results obtained in accordance with ISO 16890 (all parts) cannot by themselves be quantitatively applied to predict performance in service with regard to efficiency and lifetime. Other factors influencing performance to be taken into account are described in Annex A.
- Status
- Not Published
- Technical Committee
- ISO/TC 142 - Cleaning equipment for air and other gases
- Drafting Committee
- ISO/TC 142 - Cleaning equipment for air and other gases
- Current Stage
- 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
- Start Date
- 21-Aug-2026
- Completion Date
- 21-Aug-2026
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ISO/FDIS 16890-1 - Air filters for general ventilation — Part 1: Technical specifications, requirements and classification system based upon particulate matter efficiency (ePM)
REDLINE ISO/FDIS 16890-1 - Air filters for general ventilation — Part 1: Technical specifications, requirements and classification system based upon particulate matter efficiency (ePM)
ISO/FDIS 16890-1 - Filtres à air de ventilation générale — Partie 1: Spécifications techniques, exigences et système de classification fondé sur l'efficacité des particules en suspension (ePM)
Overview
ISO/FDIS 16890-1:2026 (Air filters for general ventilation – Part 1: Technical specifications, requirements and classification system based upon particulate matter efficiency [ePM]) is an international standard developed by ISO. This standard establishes a comprehensive efficiency classification system for air filters used in general ventilation. The classification is based on the ability of filters to remove particulate matter (PM) of varying sizes from the air, addressing the increasing importance of indoor air quality for health and comfort in both commercial and residential buildings.
ISO 16890-1 outlines the essential technical specifications, assessment methods, and marking requirements for air filters. It applies to filters tested at air flow rates between 0.25 m³/s and 1.5 m³/s on a nominal face area of 610 mm × 610 mm. The standard is intended for use alongside ISO 16890-2, ISO 16890-3, and ISO 16890-4, which cover measurement, determination of gravimetric efficiency, and minimum test efficiency conditioning, respectively.
Key Topics
Efficiency Classification by Particulate Matter (ePM):
- Filters are classified according to their effectiveness at capturing particles within defined size ranges: ePM1 (0.3–1 µm), ePM2.5 (0.3–2.5 µm), and ePM10 (0.3–10 µm), based on their average efficiency after initial and conditioned testing.
- The classification relies on the filters' capability to remove PM as found in standardized ambient air distributions (urban and rural).
Technical Requirements:
- General filter construction, materials, and nominal air flow rates.
- Resistance to air flow and fractional efficiency curves (particle size efficiency spectrum).
- Methods for determining arrestance (ability to capture coarse dust) and optional testing for test dust capacity.
Testing and Reporting:
- Filter performance is evaluated before and after conditioning procedures to account for electrostatic effects.
- Comprehensive requirements for documentation and interpretation of test results, ensuring transparency and comparability.
Exclusions:
- The standard does not cover filter elements used in portable room-air cleaners or filters with initial efficiencies greater than 99% (which are covered by other ISO standards).
Applications
ISO/FDIS 16890-1 plays a crucial role in the worldwide HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) industry by:
- Enabling Consistent Product Testing: Manufacturers can test and classify air filters using a unified method, allowing fair competition and reliable quality information.
- Supporting Indoor Air Quality Initiatives: Designers and operators of ventilation systems can select filters more effectively to meet air quality targets (including PM2.5 and PM10 compliance), resulting in healthier indoor environments.
- Facilitating Global Trade: The harmonized approach of ISO 16890-1 overcomes regional differences in testing and grading, supporting product acceptance and regulatory compliance across international markets.
- Aiding Maintenance and System Performance: Standardized class labels support clear communication and informed decision-making for maintenance teams, contributing to energy efficiency and long-term filter performance.
Related Standards
ISO/FDIS 16890-1 is best understood and applied in conjunction with other relevant standards:
- ISO 16890-2: Measurement of fractional efficiency and air flow resistance.
- ISO 16890-3: Determination of gravimetric efficiency and air flow resistance as a function of mass of test dust captured.
- ISO 16890-4: Conditioning method to determine the minimum fractional test efficiency.
- ISO 29464: Vocabulary for cleaning of air and other gases.
- ISO 29463 series: Standards for air filters with higher efficiencies (>99%).
By providing a clear and consistent framework for air filter classification and performance testing, ISO/FDIS 16890-1 advances the quality, safety, and efficacy of air filtration in general ventilation systems around the world. Use of this standard leads to better indoor air quality, informed product selection, and international alignment in HVAC practices.
Relations
- Effective Date
- 12-Feb-2026
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2022
Buy Documents
ISO/FDIS 16890-1 - Air filters for general ventilation — Part 1: Technical specifications, requirements and classification system based upon particulate matter efficiency (ePM)
REDLINE ISO/FDIS 16890-1 - Air filters for general ventilation — Part 1: Technical specifications, requirements and classification system based upon particulate matter efficiency (ePM)
ISO/FDIS 16890-1 - Filtres à air de ventilation générale — Partie 1: Spécifications techniques, exigences et système de classification fondé sur l'efficacité des particules en suspension (ePM)
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Frequently Asked Questions
ISO/FDIS 16890-1 is a draft published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Air filters for general ventilation — Part 1: Technical specifications, requirements and classification system based upon particulate matter efficiency (ePM)". This standard covers: ISO 16890-1:2016 establishes an efficiency classification system of air filters for general ventilation based upon particulate matter (PM). It also provides an overview of the test procedures, and specifies general requirements for assessing and marking the filters, as well as for documenting the test results. It is intended for use in conjunction with ISO 16890‑2, ISO 16890‑3 and ISO 16890‑4. The test method described in this part of ISO 16890 is applicable for air flow rates between 0,25 m3/s (900 m3/h, 530 ft3/min) and 1,5 m3/s (5 400 m3/h, 3 178 ft3/min), referring to a test rig with a nominal face area of 610 mm × 610 mm (24 inch × 24 inch). ISO 16890 (all parts) refers to particulate air filter elements for general ventilation having an ePM1 efficiency less than or equal to 99 % when tested according to the procedures defined within ISO 16890‑1, ISO 16890‑2, ISO 16890‑3 and ISO 16890‑4. Air filter elements with a higher initial efficiency are evaluated by other applicable test methods (see ISO 29463-1, ISO 29463-2, ISO 29463-3, ISO 29463-4 and ISO 29463-5). Filter elements used in portable room-air cleaners are excluded from the scope of this part of ISO 16890. The performance results obtained in accordance with ISO 16890 (all parts) cannot by themselves be quantitatively applied to predict performance in service with regard to efficiency and lifetime. Other factors influencing performance to be taken into account are described in Annex A.
ISO 16890-1:2016 establishes an efficiency classification system of air filters for general ventilation based upon particulate matter (PM). It also provides an overview of the test procedures, and specifies general requirements for assessing and marking the filters, as well as for documenting the test results. It is intended for use in conjunction with ISO 16890‑2, ISO 16890‑3 and ISO 16890‑4. The test method described in this part of ISO 16890 is applicable for air flow rates between 0,25 m3/s (900 m3/h, 530 ft3/min) and 1,5 m3/s (5 400 m3/h, 3 178 ft3/min), referring to a test rig with a nominal face area of 610 mm × 610 mm (24 inch × 24 inch). ISO 16890 (all parts) refers to particulate air filter elements for general ventilation having an ePM1 efficiency less than or equal to 99 % when tested according to the procedures defined within ISO 16890‑1, ISO 16890‑2, ISO 16890‑3 and ISO 16890‑4. Air filter elements with a higher initial efficiency are evaluated by other applicable test methods (see ISO 29463-1, ISO 29463-2, ISO 29463-3, ISO 29463-4 and ISO 29463-5). Filter elements used in portable room-air cleaners are excluded from the scope of this part of ISO 16890. The performance results obtained in accordance with ISO 16890 (all parts) cannot by themselves be quantitatively applied to predict performance in service with regard to efficiency and lifetime. Other factors influencing performance to be taken into account are described in Annex A.
ISO/FDIS 16890-1 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 91.140.30 - Ventilation and air-conditioning systems. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO/FDIS 16890-1 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to FprEN ISO 16890-1, ISO 16890-1:2016. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ISO/FDIS 16890-1 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 142
Air filters for general ventilation —
Secretariat: UNI
Part 1:
Voting begins on:
2026-08-21
Technical specifications,
requirements and classification
Voting terminates on:
2026-10-16
system based upon particulate
matter efficiency (ePM)
Filtres à air de ventilation générale —
Partie 1: Spécifications techniques, exigences et système de
classification fondé sur l'efficacité des particules en suspension
(ePM)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 142
Air filters for general ventilation —
Secretariat: UNI
Part 1:
Voting begins on:
Technical specifications,
requirements and classification
Voting terminates on:
system based upon particulate
matter efficiency (ePM)
Filtres à air de ventilation générale —
Partie 1: Spécifications techniques, exigences et système de
classification fondé sur l'efficacité des particules en suspension
(ePM)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2026
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Air flow and resistance .2
3.2 Test device .2
3.3 Arrestance and efficiency .3
3.4 Particulate matter .3
3.5 Particle size and test dust capacity .4
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 5
5 Technical specifications and requirements . 6
5.1 General .6
5.2 Material .6
5.3 Nominal air flow rate .6
5.4 Resistance to air flow .6
5.5 Fractional efficiency curves (particle size efficiency spectrum) .6
5.6 Arrestance .6
6 Test methods and procedure . 6
7 Classification system based on particulate matter efficiency (ePM) . 7
7.1 Definition of a standardized particles size distribution of ambient air .7
7.2 Calculation of the particulate matter efficiencies (ePM) .9
7.3 Classification .10
8 Reporting . 10
8.1 General .10
8.2 Interpretation of test reports .11
8.3 Summary . 12
Annex A (informative) Shedding from filters . 17
Annex B (informative) Examples . 19
Annex C (informative) Estimation of downstream fine dust concentrations .23
Annex D (informative) Filtration efficiency against biological aerosols .26
Bibliography .27
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 142, Cleaning equipment for air and other gases,
in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC
195, Cleaning equipment for air and other gases, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 16890-1:2016), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— correction of Formulae 2 and 3 in 7.1;
— addition of Annex D;
A list of all parts in the ISO 16890 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
The effects of particulate matter (PM) on human health have been extensively studied in the past decades.
The results are that fine dust can be a serious health hazard, contributing to or even causing respiratory
and cardiovascular diseases. For the outdoor environment, the U.S. environmental protection agency (EPA),
the world health organization (WHO), the European union, and other national agencies have established
acceptable air quality standards according to concentrations of particulate matter classified per their
aerodynamic sizes, defined as PM and PM , and measured according to strict prescriptive methods and
2,5 10
sampling times.
Since there is growing interest by relating indoor air quality to outdoor air quality, ISO 16890 series classifies
ventilation filters according to their efficiencies measured with an optical diameter between 0,3 µm and x µm
(see the size range in Table 1) and relating the result to historic global average ambient PM concentrations.
Although not exactly equivalent to filter performance at national ambient air quality standards at PM, the
classification scheme presented in the standards yields a level corresponding to the effectiveness of the
filter for ambient particle concentrations. It is however recognized that the correspondence based on global
averages can be different at a specific location since local ambient particle concentration can be different
than the global average.
The particle size ranges described in Table 1 are used in the ISO 16890 series for the listed efficiency values
and noted as ePM .
x
Table 1 — Optical particle diameter size ranges for the definition of the efficiencies, ePM
x
Efficiency Size range, µm
ePM 0,3 ≤ × ≤ 10
ePM 0,3 ≤ × ≤ 2,5
2,5
ePM 0,3 ≤ × ≤ 1
Air filters for general ventilation are widely used in heating, ventilation and air-conditioning applications of
buildings. In this application, air filters significantly influence the indoor air quality and, hence, the health
of people, by reducing the concentration of particulate matter. To enable design engineers and maintenance
personnel to choose the correct filter types, there is an interest from international trade and manufacturing
for a well-defined, common method of testing and classifying air filters according to their particle
efficiencies, especially with respect to the removal of particulate matter. Current regional standards are
applying totally different testing and classification methods, which do not allow any comparison with each
other, and thus hinder global trade with common products. Additionally, the current industry standards
have known limitations by generating results which often are far away from filter performance in service, i.e.
overstating the particle removal efficiency of many products. With the ISO 16890 series, a completely new
approach for a classification system is adopted, which gives better, and more meaningful results compared
to the existing standards.
The ISO 16890 series describes the equipment, materials, technical specifications, requirements,
qualifications and procedures to produce the laboratory performance data and efficiency classification
based upon the measured fractional efficiency converted into a particulate matter efficiency (ePM) reporting
system.
Air filter elements according to the ISO 16890 series are evaluated in the laboratory by their ability to
remove aerosol particulate expressed as the efficiency values ePM , ePM and ePM . The air filter elements
1 2,5 10
can then be classified according to the procedures defined in this part of ISO 16890. The particulate removal
efficiency of the filter element is measured as a function of the particle size in the range of 0,3 µm to 10 µm
of the unloaded and unconditioned filter element as per the procedures defined in ISO 16890-2. After the
initial particulate removal efficiency testing, the air filter element is conditioned according to the procedures
defined in ISO 16890-4 and the particulate removal efficiency is repeated on the conditioned filter element.
This is done to provide information about the intensity of any electrostatic removal mechanism which can
possibly be present with the filter element for test. The average efficiency of the filter is determined by
calculating the mean between the initial efficiency and the conditioned efficiency for each size range. The
average efficiency is used to calculate the ePM efficiencies by weighting these values to the standardized
x
v
and normalized particle size distribution of the related ambient aerosol fraction. When comparing filters
tested in accordance with the ISO 16890 series, the fractional efficiency values are always compared
among the same ePM class (ex. ePM of filter A with ePM of filter B). The test dust capacity and the initial
x 1 1
arrestance of a filter element are optional tests for ePM class filters. If needed, the test dust capacity and
x
initial arrestance can be determined as per the test procedures defined in ISO 16890-3. The performance
results obtained in accordance with ISO 16890 series cannot by themselves be quantitatively applied to
predict performance in service with regard to efficiency and lifetime. Other factors influencing performance
to be taken into account are described in Annex A.
The actual efficiency of a filter element to PM ambient dust fraction depends strongly depends on the
x
operating conditions and the particle size distribution in an actual case, which likely will differ from the
rural or urban distribution used in this standard. Knowing the limitations, Annex C defines a method to
estimate the mass concentration of a PM dust fraction downstream of the filter element. This assumes that
x
the particle size distribution equals to either the rural or the urban one defined in this standard.
Specific considerations to biological aerosols are given in Annex D.
vi
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 16890-1:2026(en)
Air filters for general ventilation —
Part 1:
Technical specifications, requirements and classification
system based upon particulate matter efficiency (ePM)
1 Scope
This document specifies an efficiency classification system of air filters for general ventilation based
on particulate matter (PM). It also provides an overview of the test procedures and specifies general
requirements for assessing and marking filters, as well as for documenting test results. It is intended for use
in conjunction with ISO 16890-2, ISO 16890-3 and ISO 16890-4.
3 3
The test method described in this document is applicable for air flow rates between 0,25 m /s (900 m /h,
3 3 3 3
530 ft /min) and 1,5 m /s (5 400 m /h, 3 178 ft /min), referring to a test rig with a nominal face area of
610 mm × 610 mm (24 inch × 24 inch).
This document refers to particulate air filter elements for general ventilation having an ePM efficiency less
than or equal to 99 % and an ePM efficiency greater than 20 % when tested as per the procedures defined
in the ISO 16890 series.
NOTE The lower limit for this test procedure is set at a minimum ePM efficiency of 20 % since it is very difficult
for a test filter element below this level to meet the statistical validity requirements of this procedure.
This document does not apply to filter elements used in portable room-air cleaners.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 15957, Test dusts for evaluating air cleaning equipment
ISO 16890-2, Air filters for general ventilation — Part 2: Measurement of fractional efficiency and air flow
resistance
ISO 16890-3, Air filters for general ventilation — Part 3: Determination of the gravimetric efficiency and the air
flow resistance versus the mass of test dust captured
ISO 16890-4, Air filters for general ventilation — Part 4: Conditioning method to determine the minimum
fractional test efficiency
ISO 29464, Cleaning of air and other gases — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 29464 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Air flow and resistance
3.1.1
air flow rate
volume of air flowing through an air cleaner per unit time
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.1.29, modified — The preferred term "flow rate" has been removed.]
3.1.2
nominal air flow rate
air flow rate (3.1.1) specified by the manufacturer
3.1.3
test air flow rate
air flow rate (3.1.1) used for testing
3.1.4
resistance to air flow
difference in absolute (static) pressure between two points in an air flow system at specified conditions,
especially when measured across the filter element (3.2.2)
Note 1 to entry: Resistance to air flow is expressed in Pa (inches of water).
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.1.43, modified — The admitted terms have been removed; “at specified
conditions, especially when measured across the filter element” has been added.]
3.1.5
final resistance to air flow
resistance to air flow (3.1.4) up to which the filtration performance is measured to determine the test dust
capacity (3.5.4)
Note 1 to entry: Final resistance to air flow is expressed in Pa (inches of water).
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.142, modified – “for classification or other purposes” has been replaced with
“to determine the test dust capacity”.]
3.2 Test device
3.2.1
test device
air cleaner that is being subjected to performance testing
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.1.45, modified — The preferred terms "device under test" and "DUT" have been
removed.]
3.2.2
filter element
structure made of the filtering material, its supports and its interfaces with the filter housing
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.59]
3.2.3
upstream
U/S
area or region from which air flows as it enters an air cleaner
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.1.46, modified — "U/S" has been added as an admitted term.”]
3.2.4
downstream
D/S
area or region into which air flows on leaving an air cleaner
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.1.16, modified — "D/S" has been added as an admitted term.]
3.3 Arrestance and efficiency
3.3.1
arrestance
measure of the ability of a filter to remove a standard test dust from the air passing through it under given
operating conditions
Note 1 to entry: This measure is expressed as a mass fraction.
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.15, modified — The preferred term "gravimetric arrestance" has been
removed; "mass percentage" has been replaced by "mass fraction" in note 1 to entry.]
3.3.2
initial arrestance
ratio of the mass of a standard test dust retained by the filter to the mass of dust fed after the first increment
of dust load
Note 1 to entry: This measure is expressed as a mass fraction.
Note 2 to entry: For example, see the procedure in ISO 29461-1 or this document.
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.17, modified — The preferred term "initial gravimetric arrestance" has
been removed; "mass percentage" has been replaced by "mass fraction" in Note 1 to entry; the reference to
"ISO 16890-3" has been replaced by "this document" in Note 2 to entry.]
3.3.3
efficiency
fraction or percentage of a challenge contaminant that is removed by a filter
3.3.4
fractional efficiency
ability of an air cleaning device to remove particles of a specific size or size range
Note 1 to entry: The efficiency plotted as a function of particle size (3.5.2) gives the particle size efficiency spectrum.
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.135, modified – the preferred term “fractional removal efficiency” has been
replaced by “fractional efficiency”.]
3.3.5
particulate matter efficiency
ePM
x
efficiency (3.3.3) of an air cleaning device in reducing the mass concentration of particles with an optical
diameter between 0,3 µm and x µm
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.124, modified – the preferred term “particulate matter removal efficiency”
has been replaced by “particulate matter efficiency”, removal has been deleted from the definition.]
3.4 Particulate matter
3.4.1
particulate matter
PM
solid and/or liquid particles
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.123]
3.4.2
particulate matter
PM
particulate matter (3.4.1) which passes through a size-selective inlet with a 50 % efficiency cut-off at 10 μm
aerodynamic diameter
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.125]
3.4.3
particulate matter
PM
2,5
particulate matter (3.4.1) which passes through a size-selective inlet with a 50 % efficiency cut-off at 2,5 μm
aerodynamic diameter
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.126]
3.4.4
particulate matter
PM
particulate matter (3.4.1) which passes through a size-selective inlet with a 50 % efficiency cut-off at 1 μm
aerodynamic diameter
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.127]
3.4.5
group designation
designation of a group of filters fulfilling certain requirements in the filter classification
Note 1 to entry: This document defines four groups of filters. Group designations are “ISO coarse”, “ISO ePM ”, “ISO
ePM ” and “ISO ePM ” as defined in Table 4.
2,5 1
3.5 Particle size and test dust capacity
3.5.1
particle counter
device for detecting and counting numbers of discrete airborne particles present in a sample of air
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.96]
3.5.2
particle size
particle diameter
geometric diameter (equivalent spherical, optical or aerodynamic, depending on context) of the particles of
an aerosol
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.117, modified – the preferred term “particle diameter” has been added.]
3.5.3
particle size distribution
presentation, in the form of tables of numbers or of graphs, of the experimental results obtained using a
method or an apparatus capable of measuring the equivalent diameter of particles in a sample or capable of
giving the proportion of particles for which the equivalent diameter lies between defined limits
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.119]
3.5.4
test dust capacity
TDC
total mass of loading dust (3.5.5) captured by an air-cleaning device up to the finalresistance to air flow (3.1.5)
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.23, modified — The preferred terms "dust holding capacity" and "DHC" and
the admitted term "dust loading capacity" have been removed.]
3.5.5
loading dust
synthetic dust formulated specifically for determination of the test dust capacity (3.5.4) and arrestance
(3.3.1) of air filters
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.45, modified — The preferred term "synthetic test dust" has been removed.]
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
A initial arrestance, %
i
d lower limit particle diameter in a size range i, µm
i
d upper limit particle diameter in a size range i, µm
i+1
geometric mean diameter of a size range i, µm
d
i
Δd width of a particle diameter size range i, µm
i
Δln d logarithmic width of a particle diameter size range, i; ln is the natural logarithm to the
i
base of e, where e is an irrational and transcendental constant approximately equal to
2,718 281 828
lndd ln lndd ln /d , dimensionless
ii11ii i
d median particle size of the log-normal distribution, µm
E initial fractional efficiency of particle size range, i, of the untreated and unloaded filter
i
element, % (equals to the efficiency values E of the untreated filter element resulting from
ps
ISO 16890-2)
E fractional efficiency of particle size range, i, of the filter element after an artificial
D,i
conditioning step, % (equals to the efficiency values E of the filter element resulting
ps
from ISO 16890-2 after a conditioning step has been carried out according to
ISO 16890-4)
E average fractional efficiency of particle size range i, %
A,i
ePM minimum efficiency value with x=1 µm, 2,5 µm or 10 µm of the conditioned filter element, %
x,min
ePM efficiency with x=1 µm, 2,5 µm or 10 µm, %
x
q air flow rate at filter, m /s
V
q nominal air flow rate from manufacturer, m /s
V,nom
q test air flow rate at filter, m /s
Vt
q (d) discrete particle volume distribution, dimensionless
Q (d) cumulative particle volume distribution, dimensionless
σ standard deviation of the log-normal distribution
g
y mixing ratio of the bimodal particle size distribution
ASHRAE American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers
CEN European Committee for Standardization
5 Technical specifications and requirements
5.1 General
The filter element shall be designed or marked for air flow direction in a way that prevents incorrect
mounting.
The filter shall be designed in a way that no leaks occur along the sealing edge when correctly mounted
in the ventilation duct. If, for any reason, dimensions do not allow testing of a filter under standard test
conditions, assembly of two or more filters of the same type or model are permitted, provided no leaks occur
in the resulting filter configuration.
5.2 Material
The filter element shall be made of suitable material to withstand normal usage and exposures to those
temperatures, humidities and corrosive environments that are likely to be encountered.
The filter element shall be designed to withstand mechanical constraints that are likely to occur during
normal use.
5.3 Nominal air flow rate
The filter element shall be tested at its nominal air flow rate for which the filter has been designed by the
manufacturer.
3 3 3
However, many national and association bodies use 0,944 m /s (2 000 ft /min or 3 400 m /h) as nominal air
flow rate for classification or rating of air filters that are nominal 610 mm × 610 mm (24 inch × 24 inch) in
face area. Therefore, if the manufacturer does not specify a nominal air flow rate, the filter shall be tested at
0,944 m /s. The air flow velocity associated with this air flow rate is 2,54 m/s (500 ft/min).
5.4 Resistance to air flow
The resistance to air flow across the filter element is recorded at the test air flow rate as described in detail
in ISO 16890-2.
5.5 Fractional efficiency curves (particle size efficiency spectrum)
The initial fractional efficiency curve, E , of the unloaded and unconditioned filter element as a function of
i
the particle size is measured at the test air flow rate in accordance with ISO 16890-2.
The fractional efficiency curve, E , of the filter element after an artificial conditioning step defined in
D,i
ISO 16890-4 is determined as a function of the particle size in accordance with ISO 16890-2.
5.6 Arrestance
The initial arrestance, the resistance to air flow versus the mass of test dust captured and the test dust
capacity are determined in accordance with ISO 16890-3 using L2 test dust as specified in ISO 15957.
6 Test methods and procedure
The technical specifications of the test rig(s), the related test conditions, test aerosols and standard test dust
used in this document are described in detail in ISO 16890-2, ISO 16890-3 and ISO 16890-4. The full test
according to this document consists of the steps given below, which all shall be carried out with the same
filter sample under the same test conditions and at the same test air flow rate:
a) measure the resistance to air flow as a function of the air flow rate according to ISO 16890-2;
b) measure the initial fractional efficiency curve, E , of the unloaded and unconditioned filter element as a
i
function of the particle size in accordance with ISO 16890-2;
c) carry out an artificial conditioning step in accordance with ISO 16890-4;
d) measure the fractional efficiency curve, E , of the conditioned filter element as a function of the particle
D,i
size in accordance with ISO 16890-2, which is equal to the minimum fractional test efficiency;
e) calculate the ePM efficiencies as defined in Clause 7;
f) load the filter with synthetic L2 test dust as specified in ISO 15957 according to the procedures described
in ISO 16890-3 to determine the initial arrestance, the resistance to air flow versus the mass of test dust
captured and the test dust capacity.
Except for filters of the group ISO Coarse, the dust loading in accordance with ISO 16890-3 and the
measurement of the initial arrestance are optional. ISO coarse filters can be classified only based on the
initial arrestance and, hence, in this case, the measurement of the ePM efficiency values (steps b. to e.) is
x
optional.
The initial fractional efficiency curve, E , of the untreated and unloaded filter element (see 5.5) and the
i
fractional efficiency curves, E , after an artificial conditioning step are used to calculate the average
D,i
fractional efficiency curve, E , using Formula (1).
A,i
EE 05, E (1)
AD,,ii i
NOTE For further explanations on the test procedure according to ISO 16890-4, please refer to 8.2.
The procedure described in ISO 16890-4 quantitatively shows the extent of the electrostatic charge effect on
the initial performance of the filter element without dust load. It indicates the level of efficiency obtainable
with the charge effect completely removed and with no compensating increase in mechanical efficiency.
Hence, the fractional efficiencies, E , after an artificial conditioning step can underestimate the fractional
D,i
efficiencies under real service conditions. Since the real minimum fractional efficiency encountered during
service strongly depend on the operating conditions defined by numerous uncontrolled parameters, its
real value lays unpredictably between the initial and the conditioned value. For good sense, in this part of
ISO 16890, the average between the initial and the conditioned value is used to predict the real fractional
efficiencies of a filter during service, as defined by Formula (1). Therefore, it shall be noted that fractional
efficiencies measured in real service can differ significantly from the ones given in this part of ISO 16890.
Additionally, the chemical treatment of a filter medium applied in ISO 16890-4 as an artificial ageing step can
affect the structure of the fibre matrix of a filter medium or chemically affect the fibres or even fully destroy
the filter medium. Hence, not all types of filters and media can be applicable to the mandatory procedure
described in ISO 16890-4 and, in this case, cannot be classified according to this part of ISO 16890.
7 Classification system based on particulate matter efficiency (ePM)
7.1 Definition of a standardized particles size distribution of ambient air
To evaluate air filters according to their ePM efficiencies, standardized volume distribution functions of the
particle size are used which globally represent the average ambient air of urban and rural areas, respectively.
Typically, in the size range of interest (>0,3 µm), the particle sizes in ambient air are bimodal distributed with
a fine and coarse mode. Fine filters, mostly designed to filter out the PM and PM particle size fractions,
1 2,5
are evaluated using a size distribution which represents urban areas, while fine filters predominantly
designed to filter out the PM fraction are evaluated using a size distribution which represents rural areas.
NOTE 1 The actual particle size distribution of ambient air depends on many different factors. Hence, depending
on the location, the season of the year and the weather conditions, the actual measured particle size distribution can
differ significantly from the standardized one given in this part of ISO 16890.
This bimodal distribution is represented by combining lognormal distributions for the coarse and the fine
mode as given in Formula (3).
lnddln
1
fd,, d exp (2)
g 50
ln 2
g 2 ln
g
In Formula (2), fd,, d represents the lognormal distribution function for one mode, coarse or fine,
g 50
where d is the variable particle size, for which the distribution is calculated, and the standard deviation, σ ,
g
and the median particle size, d , are the scaling parameters. The bimodal distribution is derived as given in
Formula (3) by combining the lognormal distributions for the coarse (B) and the fine (A) mode, weighted
with the mixing ratio, y.
dQd()
qd() yf dd,,()1 yf dd,, (3)
3 gA 50AgBB50
dlnd
The parameters of Formula (3) are defined to the values given in Table 2, representing urban and rural
areas.
Table 2 — Parameters for the distribution function as given in Formula (3) for urban and rural
environments
urban qd A B
3u i
d
0,3 μm 10 μm
50,u
σ 2,2 3,1
gu,
y 0,45
u
rural qd A B
3r i
d
0,25 μm 11 μm
50,r
σ 2,2 4
gr,
y 0,18
r
Figure 1 shows a graphical plot of Formula (3) using the parameters given in Table 2.
a) Typical urban size distribution b) Typycal rural size distribution
Key
X particle size (μm)
Y logarithmic distribution (%)
logarithmic distribution (this document)
logarithmic distribution (cumulative)
Figure 1 — Discrete and cumulative logarithmic particle volume distribution functions of ambient
aerosol as typically found in a) urban environments and b) rural environments (see Reference [7])
As an example, Table 3 gives the values of the standardized proportion by volume, q , calculated using
Formula (3) for the particle counter channels recommended by ISO 16890-2.
Table 3 — Example of the standardized urban and rural particle volume distributions, q , in
ambient air for the particle size channels recommended by ISO 16890-2
Optical particle diameter in µm Discrete particle volume distribution
d d urban rural
i i+1 lndd ln /d
dd d
ii1 i
ii i 1
qd qd
3u i 3r i
0,30 0,40 0,35 0,29 0,226 27 0,094 12
0,40 0,55 0,47 0,32 0,198 91 0,083 95
0,55 0,70 0,62 0,24 0,158 37 0,074 32
0,70 1,00 0,84 0,36 0,115 22 0,070 14
1,00 1,30 1,14 0,26 0,085 03 0,076 28
1,30 1,60 1,44 0,21 0,076 18 0,088 33
1,60 2,20 1,88 0,32 0,080 22 0,108 04
2,20 3,00 2,57 0,31 0,099 84 0,137 26
3,00 4,00 3,46 0,29 0,126 88 0,167 08
4,00 5,50 4,69 0,32 0,155 56 0,195 42
5,50 7,00 6,20 0,24 0,177 57 0,216 71
7,00 10,0 8,37 0,36 0,191 57 0,231 43
NOTE 2 The differences between aerodynamic and optical particle diameters are neglected in this document.
Additionally, it is assumed that the particle density is constant while in actual ambient air it can depend on the particle
size.
7.2 Calculation of the particulate matter efficiencies (ePM)
The particulate matter efficiencies ePM , ePM and ePM are calculated from the average fractional
10 2,5 1
efficiencies E , [see Formula (1)] and the standardized particle size distribution defined in 7.1 [see
A,i
Formula (3)] by using Formula (4).
n n
eEPM qd lndq/ldd n (urban size distribution),
1 Au,ii3 i 3u ii
i 1 i 1
n n
eEPM qd lndq/ldd n (urban size distribution),
25,,Auii3 i 3u ii
i 1 i 1
n n
eEPM qd lndq/ldd n (rural size distribution) (4)
10 Ar,ii3 i 3r ii
i 1 i 1
where dd d is the geometric mean diameter and lndd ln lndd ln /d
ii i 1 ii11ii i
In Formula (4), i is the number of the channel (size range) of the particle counter under consideration and n
is the number of the channel (size range) which includes the particle size, x (d < x ≤ d ), where x = 10 µm
n n+1
for ePM , x = 2,5 µm for ePM and x = 1 µm for ePM . For the determination of the efficiency ePM , the
10 2,5 1 1
upper limit of the largest channel considered in Formula (4) shall be equal to 1 µm (d = 1 µm); for ePM
n+1 2,5
it shall not be larger than 3,0 µm (d ≤ 3,0 µm). To determine the efficiency, ePM , the upper limit of the
n+1 10
largest channel considered in Formula (4) shall be equal to 10 µm (d = 10 µm). The lower size limit of the
n+1
smallest channel of the particle counter taken into account for the calculation of the efficiency values, ePM
x
shall be equal to 0,3 µm (d = 0,3 µm). The minimum number of channels considered in Formula (4) shall be
3 for ePM (n ≥ 3), 6 for ePM (n ≥ 6) and 9 for ePM (n ≥ 9). In any case, all channels used shall be adjacent
1 2,5 10
not missing out or overlapping any particle size in-between.
Additionally, the minimum efficiencies, ePM and ePM are defined by Formula (5).
2,5, min 1, min
n n
eEPM qd lndq/ldd n (5)
x,min Du,ii3 i 3u ii
i 1 i 1
7.3 Classification
The initial arrestance and the three efficiency values ePM , ePM and ePM and the minimum efficiency
1 2,5 10
values ePM and ePM shall be used to classify a filter in one of the four groups given in Table 4.
1, min 2,5, min
Table 4 — Filter groups
Requirement
Class reporting
Group designation
value
ePM ePM ePM
1, min 2,5, min 10
Initial
ISO Coarse — — <50 %
arrestance
ISO ePM10 — — ≥50 % ePM
ISO ePM2,5 — ≥50 % — ePM
2,5
ISO ePM1 ≥50 % — — ePM
The filter classes are reported as class reporting value in conjunction with the group designation. For the
reporting of the ISO coarse and ePM classes, the class reporting values shall be rounded downwards to the
nearest multiple of 5 % points. Values larger than 95 % are reported as “>95 %”. Examples of reporting
classes are ISO Coarse 60 %, ISO ePM10 60 %, ISO ePM2,5 80 %, ISO ePM1 85 % or ISO ePM1 >95 %.
NOTE When the test is carried out on a test rig which was originally designed to perform tests only using an
aerosol consisting of untreated and undiluted DEHS or an equivalent liquid test aerosol for the size range from 0,3 µm
to 1 µm, for an ISO ePM1 dust filter (ePM ≥ 50 %), it is allowable to report the efficiencies ePM and ePM only
1, min 1,min 1
and, in this case, only to use these two values to determine the filter group and class.
Based on the test results and Table 4, filters can be assigned to two or more filter groups. For example, a
filter classified as ISO ePM1 85 % could also be classified as ISO ePM10 95 %. However, according to this
part of ISO 16890, filters shall be classified into one individual group only and only this one classification
shall be shown on the filter’s label. Nevertheless, in a full summary report, all five ePM efficiency values
x
shall be reported, namely the three efficiency values ePM , ePM and ePM and the minimum efficiency
1 2,5 10
values ePM and ePM . The reporting of the initial arrestance is optional, except for ISO Coarse
1,min 2,5,min
filters, where this value determines the filter class and, hence, its reporting is mandatory. The efficiency
comparison of different filters shall be done only within the same ISO group, e.g. comparing ePM of filter A
with ePM of filter B.
8 Reporting
8.1 General
Data given in the summary report are based on the data and test reports generated from ISO 16890-2,
ISO 16890-3 and/or ISO 16890-4 and the data analyses and classification defined in 7.3. At a minimum, the
summary report shall include a description of the test method(s) and any deviations from it. The summ
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ISO/TC 142
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Secretariat: UNI
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Date: 2026-06-0108-07
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Air filters for general ventilation — —
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Filtres à air de ventilation générale —
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Partie 1: Spécifications techniques, exigences et système de classification fondé sur l'efficacité des particules en Style Definition
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suspension (ePM)
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St l D fi iti
ISO DIS/FDIS 16890-1 (Ed.2:2026(en)
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Interiinal
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Contents
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Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Air flow and resistance . 2
3.2 Test device . 2
3.3 Arrestance and efficiency . 3
3.4 Particulate matter . 4
3.5 Particle size and test dust capacity. 5
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 5
5 Technical specifications and requirements . 6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Material . 6
5.3 Nominal air flow rate . 6
5.4 Resistance to air flow . 7
5.5 Fractional efficiency curves (particle size efficiency spectrum) . 7
5.6 Arrestance . 7
6 Test methods and procedure . 7
7 Classification system based on particulate matter efficiency (ePM) . 8
7.1 Definition of a standardized particles size distribution of ambient air . 8
7.2 Calculation of the particulate matter efficiencies (ePM) . 11
7.3 Classification. 12
8 Reporting . 13
8.1 General . 13
8.2 Interpretation of test reports . 14
8.3 Summary . 14
Annex A (informative) Shedding from filters . 22
Annex B (informative) Examples . 24
Annex C (informative) Estimation of downstream fine dust concentrations . 30
Annex D (informative) Filtration efficiency against biological aerosols . 36
Bibliography . 37
Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
Table 1 — Optical particle diameter size ranges for the definition of the efficiencies, ePMx . vi
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1 Scope . 1
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2 Normative references . 1
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3 Terms and definitions . 1 Formatted: FooterCentered, Left
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4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 5
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5 Technical specifications and requirements . 6
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© ISO 2026 – All rights reserved
iii
ISO DIS/FDIS 16890-1 (Ed.2:2026(en)
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5.1 General . 6
5.2 Material . 6
5.3 Nominal air flow rate . 6
5.4 Resistance to air flow . 7
5.5 Fractional efficiency curves (particle size efficiency spectrum) . 7
5.6 Arrestance . 7
6 Test methods and procedure . 7
7 Classification system based on particulate matter efficiency (ePM) . 8
7.1 Definition of a standardized particles size distribution of ambient air . 8
Figure 1 — Discrete and cumulative logarithmic particle volume distribution functions of
ambient aerosol as typically found in a) urban environments and b) rural environments
(see Reference [7]) . 9
7.2 Calculation of the particulate matter efficiencies (ePM) . 10
7.3 Classification. 11
8 Reporting . 12
8.1 General . 12
8.2 Interpretation of test reports . 13
8.3 Summary . 13
Annex A (informative) Shedding from filters . 18
A.1 Shedding . 18
A.1.1 General . 18
A.1.2 Re-entrainment of particles . 18
A.1.3 Particle bounce . 18
A.1.4 Release of fibres or particulate matter from filter material . 19
A.2 Testing of shedding effects . 19
Annex B (informative) Examples . 20
Table B.1 — Example filter data for the fractional efficiency values of Filter A . 20
Figure B.1 — Example filter data for the fractional efficiency values of filter A plotted as a
function of the particle size (particle size efficiency spectra) . 21
Table B.2 — Example for the calculation of ePM efficiencies for filter A . 22
Table B.3 — Example filter data for the fractional efficiency values of filter B . 23
Table B.4 — Example for the calculation of the ePM efficiencies for filter B . 24
Annex C (informative) Estimation of downstream fine dust concentrations . 25
Annex D (informative) Filtration efficiency against biological aerosols . 29
Bibliography . 30
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Foreword
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ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
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bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
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International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 142, Cleaning equipment for air and other gases,
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Cleaning equipment for air and other gases, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
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This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 16890-1:2016), which has been technically
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revised.
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The main changes are as follows:
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(2) and 3Formula
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A list of all parts in the ISO 16890 series can be found on the ISO website.
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complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.htmlwww.iso.org/members.html.
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© ISO 2026 – All rights reserved
v
ISO DIS/FDIS 16890-1 (Ed.2:2026(en)
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Introduction .
The effects of particulate matter (PM) on human health have been extensively studied in the past decades. The
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results are that fine dust can be a serious health hazard, contributing to or even causing respiratory and
cardiovascular diseases. For the outdoor environment, the U.S. environmental protection agency (EPA), the
world health organization (WHO), the European union, and other national agencies have established
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acceptable air quality standards according to concentrations of particulate matter classified per their
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aerodynamic sizes, defined as PM2,5 and PM10, and measured according to strict prescriptive methods and
sampling times. Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
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Since there is growing interest by relating indoor air quality to outdoor air quality, ISO 16890 series classifies
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ventilation filters according to their efficiencies measured with an optical diameter between 0,3 µm and x µm
(see the size range in Table1)Table 1) and relating the result to historic global average ambient PM
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concentrations. Although not exactly equivalent to filter performance at national ambient air quality standards
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at PM, the classification scheme presented in the standards yields a level corresponding to the effectiveness
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of the filter for ambient particle concentrations. It is however recognized that the correspondence based on
global averages can be different at a specific location since local ambient particle concentration can be
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different than the global average.
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The particle size ranges described in Table 1Table 1 are used in the ISO 16890 series for the listed efficiency .
values and noted as ePM .
x
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...
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Table 1 — — Optical particle diameter size ranges for the definition of the efficiencies, ePMx
Formatted Table
Efficiency Size range, µm
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...
ePM 0,3 ≤ × ≤ 10
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...
ePM2,5 0,3 ≤ × ≤ 2,5
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...
ePM1 0,3 ≤ × ≤ 1
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...
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Air filters for general ventilation are widely used in heating, ventilation and air-conditioning applications of
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buildings. In this application, air filters significantly influence the indoor air quality and, hence, the health of
people, by reducing the concentration of particulate matter. To enable design engineers and maintenance Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
personnel to choose the correct filter types, there is an interest from international trade and manufacturing
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for a well-defined, common method of testing and classifying air filters according to their particle efficiencies,
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especially with respect to the removal of particulate matter. Current regional standards are applying totally
different testing and classification methods, which do not allow any comparison with each other, and thus
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hinder global trade with common products. Additionally, the current industry standards have known
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...
limitations by generating results which often are far away from filter performance in service, i.e. overstating
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the particle removal efficiency of many products. With the ISO 16890 series, a completely new approach for a
classification system is adopted, which gives better, and more meaningful results compared to the existing
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standards.
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The ISO 16890 series describes the equipment, materials, technical specifications, requirements,
qualifications and procedures to produce the laboratory performance data and efficiency classification based
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upon the measured fractional efficiency converted into a particulate matter efficiency (ePM) reporting system.
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Air filter elements according to the ISO 16890 series are evaluated in the laboratory by their ability to remove Formatted: Font: 10 pt
aerosol particulate expressed as the efficiency values ePM1, ePM2,5 and ePM10. The air filter elements can then
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be classified according to the procedures defined in this part of ISO 16890. The particulate removal efficiency
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of the filter element is measured as a function of the particle size in the range of 0,3 µm to 10 µm of the
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Intervinal
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unloaded and unconditioned filter element as per the procedures defined in ISO 16890-2. After the initial
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particulate removal efficiency testing, the air filter element is conditioned according to the procedures defined
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in ISO 16890-4 and the particulate removal efficiency is repeated on the conditioned filter element. This is
done to provide information about the intensity of any electrostatic removal mechanism which can possibly
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be present with the filter element for test. The average efficiency of the filter is determined by calculating the
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mean between the initial efficiency and the conditioned efficiency for each size range. The average efficiency
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is used to calculate the ePM efficiencies by weighting these values to the standardized and normalized particle
x
size distribution of the related ambient aerosol fraction. When comparing filters tested in accordance with the
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ISO 16890 series, the fractional efficiency values are always compared among the same ePMx class (ex. ePM1
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of filter A with ePM of filter B). The test dust capacity and the initial arrestance of a filter element are optional
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tests for ePM class filters. If needed, the test dust capacity and initial arrestance can be determined as per the
x
test procedures defined in ISO 16890-3. The performance results obtained in accordance with ISO 16890
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series cannot by themselves be quantitatively applied to predict performance in service with regard to
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efficiency and lifetime. Other factors influencing performance to be taken into account are described in
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Annex A.Annex A.
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The actual efficiency of a filter element to PM ambient dust fraction depends strongly depends on the
x
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operating conditions and the particle size distribution in an actual case, which likely will differ from the rural
or urban distribution used in this standard. Knowing the limitations, Annex CAnnex C defines a method to Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
estimate the mass concentration of a PM dust fraction downstream of the filter element. This assumes that
x
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the particle size distribution equals to either the rural or the urban one defined in this standard.
Specific considerations to biological aerosols are given in Annex D.Annex D.
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© ISO 2026 – All rights reserved
vii
DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 16890-1:2026(en)
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...
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Air filters for general ventilation — —
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...
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...
Part 1:
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Technical specifications, requirements and classification system
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...
based upon particulate matter efficiency (ePM)
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...
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...
1 Scope
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...
This document specifies an efficiency classification system of air filters for general ventilation based on
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...
particulate matter (PM). It also provides an overview of the test procedures and specifies general
Formatted
requirements for assessing and marking filters, as well as for documenting test results. It is intended for use .
in conjunction with ISO 16890--2, ISO 16890--3 and ISO 16890--4.
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...
Formatted
3 3 .
The test method described in this document is applicable for air flow rates between 0,25 m /s (900 m /h,
3 3 3 3
Formatted
530 ft /min) and 1,5 m /s (5 400 m /h, 3 178 ft /min), referring to a test rig with a nominal face area of
...
610 mm × 610 mm (24 inch × 24 inch).
Formatted
...
Formatted
...
This document refers to particulate air filter elements for general ventilation having an ePM efficiency less
than or equal to 99 % and an ePM efficiency greater than 20 % when tested as per the procedures defined in
10 Formatted
...
the ISO 16890 series.
Formatted
...
Formatted
NOTE The lower limit for this test procedure is set at a minimum ePM10 efficiency of 20 % since it is very difficult
...
for a test filter element below this level to meet the statistical validity requirements of this procedure.
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...
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This document does not apply to filter elements used in portable room-air cleaners.
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2 Normative references
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The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes .
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
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...
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
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...
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ISO 15957, Test dusts for evaluating air cleaning equipment
...
Formatted
...
ISO 16890--2, Air filters for general ventilation — Part 2: Measurement of fractional efficiency and air flow
Formatted
...
resistance
Formatted
...
ISO 16890--3, Air filters for general ventilation — Part 3: Determination of the gravimetric efficiency and the
Formatted
...
air flow resistance versus the mass of test dust captured
Formatted
...
ISO 16890--4, Air filters for general ventilation — Part 4: Conditioning method to determine the minimum
Formatted
...
fractional test efficiency
Formatted
...
Formatted
ISO 29464, Cleaning of air and other gases — Vocabulary
...
Formatted
...
3 Terms and definitions
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...
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 29464 and the following apply. Formatted
...
Formatted
...
ISO DIS/FDIS 16890-1 (Ed.2:2026(en)
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ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
Formatted: Font: Cambria, 11 pt, English (United
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obphttps://www.iso.org/obp
Kingdom)
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/https://www.electropedia.org/
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
3.1 3.1 Air flow and resistance
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3.1.1 3.1.1
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air flow rate
Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and
volume of air flowing through an air cleaner per unit time
numbers
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.1.29, modified — The preferred term "flow rate" has been removed.]
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3.1.2 3.1.2
nominal air flow rate Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
air flow rate (3.1.1)(3.1.1) specified by the manufacturer
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3.1.3 3.1.3
test air flow rate Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
air flow rate (3.1.1)(3.1.1) used for testing
stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
3.1.4 3.1.4 3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
resistance to air flow
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difference in absolute (static) pressure between two points in an air flow system at specified conditions,
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especially when measured across the filter element (3.2.2)(3.2.2)
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Note 1 to entry: Resistance to air flow is expressed in Pa (inches of water).
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[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.1.43, modified — The admitted terms have been removed; “at specified
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
conditions, especially when measured across the filter element” has been added.]
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3.1.5 3.1.5
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
final resistance to air flow
stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
resistance to air flow (3.1.4)(3.1.4) up to which the filtration performance is measured to determine the test
3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
dust capacity (3.5.4)(3.5.4)
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Note 1 to entry: Final resistance to air flow is expressed in Pa (inches of water).
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[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.142, modified – “for classification or other purposes” has been replaced with
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“to determine the test dust capacity”.]
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3.2 3.2 Test device
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
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3.2.1 3.2.1
test device Formatted
...
air cleaner that is being subjected to performance testing
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[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.1.45, modified — The preferred terms "device under test" and "DUT" have been
removed.]
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Internal
2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
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...
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3.2.2 3.2.2
...
filter element
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...
structure made of the filtering material, its supports and its interfaces with the filter housing
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...
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.59]
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...
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...
3.2.3 3.2.3
upstream Formatted
...
U/S
Formatted
...
area or region from which air flows as it enters an air cleaner
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...
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.1.46, modified — "U/S" has been added as an admitted term.”]
Formatted
...
Formatted
...
3.2.4 3.2.4
downstream Formatted
...
D/S
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...
area or region into which air flows on leaving an air cleaner
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...
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.1.16, modified — "D/S" has been added as an admitted term.]
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...
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3.3 3.3 Arrestance and efficiency
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...
3.3.1 3.3.1
Formatted
...
arrestance
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...
measure of the ability of a filter to remove a standard test dust from the air passing through it under given
operating conditions
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...
Formatted
...
Note 1 to entry: This measure is expressed as a mass fraction.
Formatted
...
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.15, modified — The preferred term "gravimetric arrestance" has been
Formatted
...
removed; "mass percentage" has been replaced by "mass fraction" in note 1 to entry.]
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...
3.3.2 3.3.2
Formatted
...
initial arrestance
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...
ratio of the mass of a standard test dust retained by the filter to the mass of dust fed after the first increment
Formatted
of dust load
...
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...
Note 1 to entry: This measure is expressed as a mass fraction.
Formatted
...
Note 2 to entry: For example, see the procedure in ISO 29461-1 or this document.
Formatted
...
Formatted
...
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.17, modified — The preferred term "initial gravimetric arrestance" has been
removed; "mass percentage" has been replaced by "mass fraction" in Note 1 to entry; the reference to "ISO Formatted
...
16890-3" has been replaced by "this document" in Note 2 to entry.]
Formatted
...
3.3.3 3.3.3 Formatted
...
efficiency
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...
fraction or percentage of a challenge contaminant that is removed by a filter
Formatted
...
3.3.4 3.3.4
Formatted
...
fractional efficiency
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...
ability of an air cleaning device to remove particles of a specific size or size range
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...
Note 1 to entry: The efficiency plotted as a function of particle size (3.5.2)(3.5.2) gives the particle size efficiency
Formatted
...
spectrum.
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...
Formatted
...
Formatted
...
ISO DIS/FDIS 16890-1 (Ed.2:2026(en)
Formatted
...
Formatted
...
Formatted
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.135, modified – the preferred term “fractional removal efficiency” has been .
replaced by “fractional efficiency”.]
Formatted
...
Formatted
3.3.5 3.3.5 .
particulate matter efficiency
Formatted
...
ePMx
Formatted
...
efficiency (3.3.3)(3.3.3) of an air cleaning device in reducing the mass concentration of particles with an optical
Formatted
diameter between 0,3 µm and x µm .
Formatted
...
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.124, modified – the preferred term “particulate matter removal efficiency” has
Formatted
...
been replaced by “particulate matter efficiency”, removal has been deleted from the definition.]
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...
3.4 3.4 Particulate matter
Formatted
...
Formatted
3.4.1 3.4.1
...
particulate matter
Formatted
...
PM
Formatted
...
solid and/or liquid particles
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...
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.123]
Formatted
...
Formatted
3.4.2 3.4.2
...
particulate matter
Formatted
...
PM
Formatted
...
particulate matter (3.4.1)(3.4.1) which passes through a size-selective inlet with a 50 % efficiency cut-off at
Formatted
10 μm aerodynamic diameter
...
Formatted
...
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.125]
Formatted
...
3.4.3 3.4.3
Formatted
...
particulate matter
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...
PM2,5
Formatted
particulate matter (3.4.1)(3.4.1) which passes through a size-selective inlet with a 50 % efficiency cut-off at
...
2,5 μm aerodynamic diameter
Formatted
...
Formatted
...
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.126]
Formatted
...
3.4.4 3.4.4
Formatted
...
particulate matter
Formatted
PM
1 .
particulate matter (3.4.1)(3.4.1) which passes through a size-selective inlet with a 50 % efficiency cut-off at
Formatted
...
1 μm aerodynamic diameter
Formatted
...
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.127] Formatted
...
Formatted
...
3.4.5 3.4.5
Formatted
group designation
...
designation of a group of filters fulfilling certain requirements in the filter classification
Formatted
...
Formatted
...
Note 1 to entry: This document defines four groups of filters. Group designations are “ISO coarse”, “ISO ePM ”, “ISO
ePM2,5” and “ISO ePM1” as defined in Table 4.Table 4.
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...
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...
Internal
4 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved
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3.5 3.5 Particle size and test dust capacity
3.5.1 3.5.1
Formatted: TermNum3, Adjust space between Latin
particle counter
and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and
device for detecting and counting numbers of discrete airborne particles present in a sample of air
numbers
Formatted: Line spacing: At least 11.5 pt, Hyphenate,
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.96]
Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space
between Asian text and numbers
3.5.2 3.5.2
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
particle size
particle diameter
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, English (United
geometric diameter (equivalent spherical, optical or aerodynamic, depending on context) of the particles of
Kingdom)
an aerosol
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.117, modified – the preferred term “particle diameter” has been added.]
Formatted: Dutch (Netherlands)
3.5.3 3.5.3
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
particle size distribution
Formatted: Line spacing: At least 11.5 pt, Hyphenate,
presentation, in the form of tables of numbers or of graphs, of the experimental results obtained using a
Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space
method or an apparatus capable of measuring the equivalent diameter of particles in a sample or capable of
between Asian text and numbers
giving the proportion of particles for which the equivalent diameter lies between defined limits
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.119]
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
3.5.4 3.5.4
Formatted
...
test dust capacity
TDC
Formatted
...
total mass of loading dust (3.5.5)(3.5.5) captured by an air-cleaning device up to the final
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resistancefinalresistance to air flow (3.1.5)(3.1.5)
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.23, modified — The preferred terms "dust holding capacity" and "DHC" and
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
the admitted term "dust loading capacity" have been removed.]
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3.5.5 3.5.5
Formatted: Font color: Auto
loading dust
Formatted Table
synthetic dust formulated specifically for determination of the test dust capacity (3.5.4)(3.5.4) and arrestance
(3.3.1)(3.3.1) of air filters
Formatted: Font: Not Italic
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[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.45, modified — The preferred term "synthetic test dust" has been removed.]
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...
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
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...
Ai initial arrestance, %
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d lower limit particle diameter in a size range i, µm
i
Formatted
...
d upper limit particle diameter in a size range i, µm
i+1
Formatted: Font color: Auto
¯ geometric mean diameter of a size range i, µm
d
𝑑𝑑
i 𝑖𝑖 Formatted
...
Formatted
Δd width of a particle diameter size range i, µm .
i
Formatted: Font color: Auto
Δln d logarithmic width of a particle diameter size range, i; ln is the natural logarithm to the base of
i
e, where e is an irrational and transcendental constant approximately equal to
Formatted: Font: 10 pt
2,718 281 828
Formatted: Font: 10 pt
∆=lnd lnd− lnd ln(dd/ ) ,𝛥𝛥ln𝑑𝑑 = ln𝑑𝑑 − ln𝑑𝑑 = ln(𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑 ), dimensionless
⁄
i i++11i ii 𝑖𝑖 𝑖𝑖+1 𝑖𝑖 𝑖𝑖+1 𝑖𝑖
Formatted
...
Formatted: Font: 11 pt
=
ISO DIS/FDIS 16890-1 (Ed.2:2026(en)
Formatted
...
d median particle size of the log-normal distribution, µm
50 Formatted
...
E initial fractional efficiency of particle size range, i, of the untreated and unloaded filter
i Formatted
...
element, % (equals to the efficiency values E of the untreated filter element resulting from
ps
Formatted
...
ISO 16890--2)
Formatted
...
E fractional efficiency of particle size range, i, of the filter element after an artificial
D,i
Formatted
...
conditioning step, % (equals to the efficiency values E of the filter element resulting
ps
Formatted
from ISO 16890--2 after a conditioning step has been carried out according to
...
ISO 16890--4)
Formatted
...
E average fractional efficiency of particle size range i, %
A,i Formatted
...
ePMx, min minimum efficiency value with x=1 µm, 2,5 µm or 10 µm of the conditioned filter element, % Formatted
...
ePM efficiency with x=1 µm, 2,5 µm or 10 µm, % Formatted
x .
3 Formatted
q air flow rate at filter, m /s .
V
Formatted
3 .
qV,nom nominal air flow rate from manufacturer, m /s
Formatted
...
q test air flow rate at filter, m /s
Vt
Formatted
...
q (d) discrete particle volume distribution, dimensionless
Formatted
...
Q (d) cumulative particle volume distribution, dimensionless
Formatted
...
σg standard deviation of the log-normal distribution
Formatted
...
y mixing ratio of the bimodal particle size distribution
Formatted
...
ASHRAE American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers
Formatted
...
CEN European Committee for Standardization
For
...
PROJET FINAL
Norme
internationale
ISO/TC 142
Filtres à air de ventilation
Secrétariat: UNI
générale —
Début de vote:
2026-08-21
Partie 1:
Spécifications techniques, exigences
Vote clos le:
2026-10-16
et système de classification fondé
sur l'efficacité des particules en
suspension (ePM)
Air filters for general ventilation —
Part 1: Technical specifications, requirements and classification
system based upon particulate matter efficiency (ePM)
LES DESTINATAIRES DU PRÉSENT PROJET SONT
INVITÉS À PRÉSENTER, AVEC LEURS OBSERVATIONS,
NOTIFICATION DES DROITS DE PROPRIÉTÉ DONT ILS
AURAIENT ÉVENTUELLEMENT CONNAISSANCE ET À
FOURNIR UNE DOCUMENTATION EXPLICATIVE.
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NATIONALE.
Numéro de référence
PROJET FINAL
Norme
internationale
ISO/TC 142
Filtres à air de ventilation
Secrétariat: UNI
générale —
Début de vote:
Partie 1: 2026-08-21
Spécifications techniques, exigences
Vote clos le:
2026-10-16
et système de classification fondé
sur l'efficacité des particules en
suspension (ePM)
Air filters for general ventilation —
Part 1: Technical specifications, requirements and classification
system based upon particulate matter efficiency (ePM)
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2026
LES DESTINATAIRES DU PRÉSENT PROJET SONT
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Publié en Suisse
Numéro de référence
ii
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d'application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 2
3.1 Flux d'air et résistance .2
3.2 Dispositif d'essai .2
3.3 Efficacité gravimétrique et efficacité .3
3.4 Particules en suspension .4
3.5 Taille des particules et capacité de colmatage .4
4 Symboles et termes abrégés . 5
5 Spécifications et exigences techniques . 6
5.1 Généralités .6
5.2 Matériau .6
5.3 Débit nominal d'air.6
5.4 Résistance à l'écoulement de l'air .7
5.5 Courbes d'efficacité spectrale (plage d'efficacité en fonction de la taille des particules) .7
5.6 Efficacité gravimétrique .7
6 Méthodes et mode opératoire d'essai . 7
7 Système de classification basé sur l’efficacité des particules en suspension (ePM) . 8
7.1 Définition d'une distribution granulométrique standardisée de l'air ambiant .8
7.2 Calcul des efficacités des particules en suspension (ePM) .10
7.3 Classification .11
8 Rapport d'essai .11
8.1 Généralité .11
8.2 Interprétation des rapports d'essai . 12
8.3 Récapitulatif. 13
Annexe A (informative) Relargage des filtres . 19
Annexe B (informative) Exemples .21
Annexe C (informative) Estimation des concentrations de poussière fine en aval .25
Annexe D (informative) Efficacité de la filtration contre les aérosols biologiques .28
Bibliographie .29
iii
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux
de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général
confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire
partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier, de prendre note des différents
critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document
a été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2
(voir www.iso.org/directives).
L'ISO attire l'attention sur le fait que la mise en application du présent document peut entraîner l'utilisation
d'un ou de plusieurs brevets. L'ISO ne prend pas position quant à la preuve, à la validité et à l'applicabilité de
tout droit de propriété revendiqué à cet égard. À la date de publication du présent document, l'ISO n'avait pas
reçu notification qu'un ou plusieurs brevets pouvaient être nécessaires à sa mise en application. Toutefois,
il y a lieu d'avertir les responsables de la mise en application du présent document que des informations
plus récentes sont susceptibles de figurer dans la base de données de brevets, disponible à l'adresse
www.iso.org/brevets. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié tout ou partie de
tels droits de propriété.
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données pour
information, par souci de commodité, à l'intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l'ISO liés à l'évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion de
l'ISO aux principes de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles techniques au
commerce (OTC), voir www.iso.org/avant-propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le Comité technique ISO/TC 142, Séparateurs aérauliques, en
collaboration avec le comité technique CEN/TC 195, Séparateurs aérauliques, du Comité européen de
normalisation (CEN) conformément à l'Accord de coopération technique entre l'ISO et le CEN (Accord de
Vienne).
Cette seconde édition annule et remplace la première édition (ISO 16890-1:2016), qui a fait l'objet d'une
révision technique.
Les principales modifications sont les suivantes:
— correction des Formules 2 et 3 au 7.1;
— ajout de l'Annexe D;
Une liste de toutes les parties de la série ISO 16890 se trouve sur le site web de l'ISO.
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes se
trouve à l’adresse www.iso.org/fr/members.html.
iv
Introduction
Les effets des particules en suspension (PM) sur la santé humaine ont été étudiés de manière approfondie au
cours des dernières décennies. Les conclusions sont que la poussière fine peut constituer un risque sérieux
pour la santé, contribuant ou provoquant même des maladies respiratoires et cardiovasculaires. Pour
l'environnement extérieur, l’Agence de protection de l’environnement des États-Unis (EPA), l'Organisation
mondiale de la santé (OMS), l'Union européenne, et d'autres agences nationales ont établi des standards de
qualité de l'air acceptables en fonction des concentrations de particules en suspension classées selon leur
taille aérodynamique, définies comme PM et PM , et mesurées selon des méthodes prescriptives et des
2,5 10
temps d'échantillonnage stricts.
Étant donné qu'il y a un intérêt grandissant pour relier la qualité de l'air intérieur à la qualité de l'air extérieur,
la série ISO 16890 classe les filtres de ventilation en fonction de leur efficacité mesurée avec un diamètre
optique compris entre 0,3 µm et x µm (voir la plage de dimensions dans le Tableau 1) et en rapportant le
résultat aux concentrations de PM ambiantes moyennes historiques à l'échelle mondiale. Bien qu'il ne soit
pas exactement équivalent à la performance du filtre au regard des standards nationaux de qualité de l'air
ambiant pour les PM, le schéma de classification présenté dans les normes permet d'obtenir un niveau
correspondant à l'efficacité du filtre pour les concentrations de particules ambiantes. Il est toutefois admis
que la correspondance basée sur les moyennes mondiales peut être différente à un emplacement spécifique
étant donné que la concentration locale de particules ambiantes peut être différente de la moyenne mondiale.
Les plages de dimensions de particule décrites au Tableau 1 sont utilisées dans la série ISO 16890 pour les
valeurs d'efficacités listées et notées ePM .
x
Tableau 1 — Plages de dimension des diamètres optique de particule pour la définition des
efficacités, ePM
x
Efficacité Plage de dimensions, µm
ePM 0,3 ≤ × ≤ 10
ePM 0,3 ≤ × ≤ 2,5
2,5
ePM 0,3 ≤ × ≤ 1
Les filtres à air de ventilation générale sont largement utilisés dans les applications de chauffage, de
ventilation et de conditionnement d’air des bâtiments. Dans cette application, les filtres à air ont une
influence significative sur la qualité de l'air intérieur et, donc, sur la santé des personnes, en réduisant la
concentration de particules en suspension. Pour permettre aux ingénieurs de conception et au personnel de
maintenance de choisir les types de filtre appropriés, le commerce international et l'industrie manifestent
un intérêt pour une méthode d'essai et de classification commune et bien définie des filtres à air en fonction
de leur efficacité vis-à-vis des particules, notamment en ce qui concerne l'élimination des particules en
suspension. Les normes régionales actuelles appliquent des méthodes d'essai et de classification totalement
différentes ne permettant pas de comparaison entre elles, et constituant donc une entrave au commerce
mondial de produits courants. De plus, les normes industrielles actuelles ont des limites connues en générant
des résultats qui sont souvent très éloignés des performances des filtres en service, c’est-à-dire surestimant
l’efficacité d'élimination des particules de nombreux produits. Avec la série ISO 16890, une approche
totalement nouvelle du système de classification est adoptée, donnant des résultats plus satisfaisants et plus
significatifs par rapport aux normes existantes.
La série ISO 16890 décrit l'équipement, les matériaux, les spécifications techniques, les exigences, les
qualifications et les modes opératoires permettant de produire des données de performance en laboratoire
et une classification de l'efficacité fondée sur l'efficacité spectrale mesurée convertie dans un système de
déclaration basé sur l'efficacité des particules en suspension (ePM).
Les éléments filtrants selon la série ISO 16890 sont évalués en laboratoire par leur capacité à éliminer les
particules d'aérosol exprimée en valeurs d’efficacité ePM , ePM et ePM . Les éléments filtrants peuvent
1 2,5 10
ensuite être classés selon les modes opératoires définis dans cette partie de l'ISO 16890. L'efficacité
d'élimination des particules de l'élément filtrant est mesurée en fonction de la taille des particules dans la
plage de 0,3 µm à 10 µm sur un élément filtrant non chargé et non conditionné selon les modes opératoires
définis dans l'ISO 16890-2. Après l’essai d'efficacité d'élimination des particules initial, l'élément filtrant est
v
conditionné selon les modes opératoires définis dans l’ISO 16890-4 et l'efficacité d'élimination des particules
est à nouveau mesurée sur l'élément filtrant conditionné. Cela est réalisé afin de fournir des informations sur
l'intensité de tout mécanisme d'élimination électrostatique susceptible d'être présent au niveau de l'élément
filtrant pour essai. L’efficacité moyenne du filtre est déterminée en calculant la moyenne entre l’efficacité
initiale et l’efficacité conditionnée pour chaque plage de dimensions. L’efficacité moyenne est utilisée pour
calculer les efficacités ePM en pondérant ces valeurs
x
par la distribution granulométrique standardisée et normalisée de la fraction correspondante de l’aérosol
ambiant. Lorsque les filtres soumis à essai conformément à la série ISO 16890 sont comparés, les valeurs
d’efficacité spectrale doivent toujours être comparées selon la même classe ePM (par exemple, ePM
x 1
d’un filtre A avec ePM d’un filtre B). Si nécessaire, la capacité de colmatage et l’efficacité gravimétrique
initiale peuvent être déterminées selon les modes opératoires d'essai définis dans l’ISO 16890-3. Les
résultats de performance obtenus conformément à la série ISO 16890 ne peuvent à eux seuls être appliqués
quantitativement pour prédire la performance en service en ce qui concerne l'efficacité et la durée de vie.
D'autres facteurs influençant la performance à prendre en compte sont décrits à l'Annexe A.
vi
PROJET FINAL Norme internationale ISO/FDIS 16890-1:2026(fr)
Filtres à air de ventilation générale —
Partie 1:
Spécifications techniques, exigences et système de
classification fondé sur l'efficacité des particules en
suspension (ePM)
1 Domaine d'application
Le présent document spécifie un système de classification de l'efficacité des filtres à air de ventilation
générale basé sur les particules en suspension (PM). Il donne également une vue d'ensemble des modes
opératoires d'essai et spécifie les exigences générales relatives à l'évaluation et au marquage des filtres, ainsi
qu'à la documentation des résultats d'essai. Il est destiné à être utilisé conjointement avec l'ISO 16890-2,
l'ISO 16890-3 et l'ISO 16890-4.
La méthode d'essai décrite dans le présent document est applicable pour des débits d'air compris entre
3 3 3 3 3 3
0,25 m /s (900 m /h, 530 ft /min) et 1,5 m /s (5 400 m /h, 3 178 ft /min), en se référant à un banc d'essai
ayant une surface frontale nominale de 610 mm × 610 mm (24 inch × 24 inch).
Le présent document concerne les éléments filtrants pour l'élimination des particules de ventilation générale
ayant une efficacité ePM inférieure ou égale à 99 % et une efficacité ePM supérieure à 20 % lorsqu'ils sont
1 10
soumis à essai selon les modes opératoires définis dans la série ISO 16890.
NOTE La limite inférieure pour ce mode opératoire d'essai est fixée à une efficacité minimale ePM de 20 % car il
est très difficile pour un élément filtrant d'essai inférieur à ce niveau de satisfaire aux exigences de validité statistique
de ce mode opératoire.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux éléments filtrants utilisés dans les épurateurs d'air portables.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants sont cités dans le texte de sorte qu'ils constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur
contenu, des exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique. Pour
les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels
amendements).
ISO 15957, Poussières d'essai pour l'évaluation des équipements d'épuration d'air
ISO 16890-2, Filtres à air de ventilation générale — Partie 2: Mesurage de l'efficacité spectrale et de la résistance
à l'écoulement de l'air
ISO 16890-3, Filtres à air de ventilation générale — Partie 3: Détermination de l'efficacité gravimétrique et de
la résistance à l'écoulement de l'air par rapport à la quantité de poussière d'essai retenue
ISO 16890-4, Filtres à air de ventilation générale — Partie 4: Méthode de conditionnement afin de déterminer
l'efficacité spectrale minimum d'essai
ISO 29464, Épuration de l'air et autres gaz — Vocabulaire
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions donnés dans l’ISO 29464 ainsi que les
suivants s'appliquent.
L’ISO et l’IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en normalisation,
consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Flux d'air et résistance
3.1.1
débit d'air
volume d'air traversant un épurateur d'air par unité de temps
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.1.29, modifiée — Le terme préféré «débit» a été supprimé.]
3.1.2
débit d'air nominal
débit d'air (3.1.1) spécifié par le fabricant
3.1.3
débit d'air d'essai
débit d'air (3.1.1) utilisé pour les essais
3.1.4
résistance à l’écoulement de l’air
différence de pression (statique) absolue entre deux points d’un système de circulation d’air dans des
conditions spécifiées, en particulier lorsqu'elle est mesurée aux bornes de l'élément filtrant (3.2.2)
Note 1 à l'article: La résistance à l'écoulement de l'air est exprimée en Pa (pouces d'eau).
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.1.43, modifiée — Les termes admis ont été supprimés; “dans des conditions
spécifiées, en particulier lorsqu'elle est mesurée aux bornes de l'élément filtrant” a été ajouté.]
3.1.5
résistance finale à l’écoulement de l’air
résistance à l’écoulement de l’air (3.1.4) à laquelle les performances de filtration sont mesurées afin de
déterminer la capacité de colmatage (3.5.4)
Note 1 à l'article: La résistance finale à l’écoulement de l’air est exprimée en Pa (pouces d'eau).
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.142, modifiée – “à des fins de classification ou à d'autres fins” a été remplacé
par “afin de déterminer la capacité de colmatage”.]
3.2 Dispositif d'essai
3.2.1
dispositif d'essai
épurateur d’air qui est soumis à des essais de performance
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.1.45, modifiée — Les termes préférés «dispositif soumis à essai» et «DUT» ont
été supprimés.]
3.2.2
élément filtrant
structure constituée d'un matériau filtrant, de ses supports et de ses interfaces avec l'enveloppe du filtre
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.59]
3.2.3
amont
U/S
zone ou région depuis laquelle s'écoule l'air entrant dans un épurateur d’air
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.1.46, modifiée — «U/S» a été ajouté en tant que terme admis.]
3.2.4
aval
D/S
surface ou zone dans laquelle s'écoule l'air lorsqu'il quitte un épurateur d’air
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.1.16, modifiée — «D/S» a été ajouté en tant que terme admis.]
3.3 Efficacité gravimétrique et efficacité
3.3.1
efficacité gravimétrique
mesure de l'aptitude d’un filtre à arrêter une poussière d'essai normalisée de l'air qui le traverse dans des
conditions de fonctionnement données
Note 1 à l'article: Cette mesure est exprimée en fraction massique.
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.15, modifiée — Le terme préféré «gravimetric arrestance» (traduit par
«efficacité gravimétrique») a été supprimé; «pourcentage en masse» a été remplacé par «fraction massique»
dans la note 1 à l'entrée.]
3.3.2
efficacité gravimétrique initiale
rapport de la masse de poussière d’essai normalisée retenue par le filtre sur la masse de poussière fournie
après le premier cycle de chargement de poussière
Note 1 à l'article: Cette mesure est exprimée en fraction massique.
Note 2 à l'article: Par exemple, voir le mode opératoire de l’ISO 29461-1 ou le présent document.
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.17, modifiée — Le terme préféré «initial gravimetric arrestance» (traduit par
«efficacité gravimétrique initiale») a été supprimé; «pourcentage en masse» a été remplacé par «fraction
massique» dans la Note 1 à l'entrée; la référence à «l'ISO 16890-3» a été remplacée par «le présent document»
dans la note 2 à l'entrée.]
3.3.3
efficacité
fraction ou pourcentage d'un contaminant d'essai qui est éliminé par un filtre
3.3.4
efficacité spectrale
aptitude d’un dispositif d'épuration d'air à arrêter les particules d’une dimension ou d'une plage de dimension
spécifique
Note 1 à l'article: L'efficacité représentée graphiquement en fonction de la taille des particules (3.5.2) donne la plage
d'efficacité en fonction de la taille des particules.
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.135, modifiée – Le terme préféré «efficacité d'élimination spectrale» a été
remplacé par «efficacité spectrale».]
3.3.5
efficacité des particules en suspension
ePM
x
efficacité (3.3.3) d’un dispositif d’épuration d’air réduisant la concentration en masse des particules ayant un
diamètre optique compris entre 0,3 µm et x µm
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.124, modifiée – Le terme préféré «efficacité d'élimination des particules en
suspension» a été remplacé par «efficacité des particules en suspension», «d'élimination» a été supprimé de
la définition.]
3.4 Particules en suspension
3.4.1
particules en suspension
PM
particules solides et/ou liquides
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.123]
3.4.2
particules en suspension
PM
particules en suspension (3.4.1) traversant une entrée de taille sélective avec une coupure d’efficacité à 50 %
pour un diamètre aérodynamique de 10 μm
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.125]
3.4.3
particules en suspension
PM
2,5
particules en suspension (3.4.1) traversant une entrée de taille sélective avec une coupure d’efficacité à 50 %
pour un diamètre aérodynamique de 2,5 μm
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.126]
3.4.4
particules en suspension
PM
particules en suspension (3.4.1) traversant une entrée de taille sélective avec une coupure d’efficacité à 50 %
pour un diamètre aérodynamique de 1 μm
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.127]
3.4.5
désignation d’un groupe
désignation d’un groupe de filtres répondant à certaines exigences par rapport à la classification des filtres
Note 1 à l'article: Le présent document défini quatre groupes de filtres. Les désignations des groupes sont
«ISO grossier», «ISO ePM », «ISO ePM » et «ISO ePM » telles que définies dans le Tableau 4.
10 2,5 1
3.5 Taille des particules et capacité de colmatage
3.5.1
compteur de particules
dispositif pour détecter et compter le nombre de particules discrètes en suspension dans l'air présentes
dans un échantillon d’air
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.96]
3.5.2
taille de particule
diamètre de particule
diamètre géométrique (équivalent sphérique, optique ou aérodynamique, en fonction du contexte) des
particules d’un aérosol
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.117, modifiée – Le terme préféré «diamètre de particule» a été ajouté]
3.5.3
distribution granulométrique
présentation, sous forme de tableaux numériques ou de graphiques, des résultats expérimentaux obtenus
à l'aide d'une méthode ou d'un appareil capable de mesurer le diamètre équivalent des particules dans un
échantillon ou capable d'indiquer la proportion de particules dont le diamètre équivalent est compris entre
des limites établies
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.119]
3.5.4
capacité de colmatage
TDC
masse totale de poussière de chargement (3.5.5) captée par un dispositif d'épuration d'air jusqu'à la résistance
finale à l’écoulement de l’air (3.1.5)
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.23, modifiée — Les termes préférés «dust holding capacity» (traduit
par «capacité de colmatage» et «DHC» et le terme admis «capacité de chargement en poussières» ont été
supprimés.]
3.5.5
poussière de chargement
poussière synthétique formulée spécifiquement pour la détermination de la capacité de colmatage (3.5.4) et
de l'efficacité gravimétrique (3.3.1) des filtres à air
[SOURCE: ISO 29464:2024, 3.2.45, modifiée — Le terme préféré «poussière synthétique d'essai» a été
supprimé.]
4 Symboles et termes abrégés
A efficacité gravimétrique initiale, %
i
d diamètre de particule à la limite inférieure d'une plage granulométrique i, µm
i
d diamètre de particule à la limite supérieure d'une plage granulométrique i, µm
i+1
diamètre géométrique moyen d'une plage granulométrique i, µm
d
i
Δd largeur d'une plage granulométrique de diamètre de particule i, µm
i
Δln d largeur logarithmique d'une plage granulométrique de diamètre de particule, i; ln est le loga-
i
rithme népérien de base e, où e est une constante irrationnelle et transcendante approxima-
tivement égale à 2,718 281 828
lndd ln lndd ln /d , sans dimension
ii11ii i
d taille de particule médiane de la distribution log-normale, µm
E efficacité spectrale initiale pour la plage granulométrique, i, de l'élément filtrant non traité et
i
non chargé, % (égale aux valeurs d’efficacité E de l’élément filtrant non traité résultant de
ps
l’ISO 16890-2)
E efficacité spectrale pour la plage granulométrique, i, de l'élément filtrant après une étape de
D,i
conditionnement artificiel, % (égale aux valeurs d’efficacité E de l’élément filtrant résultant
ps
de l’ISO 16890-2 après qu’une étape de conditionnement ait été menée selon l’ISO 16890-4)
E efficacité spectrale moyenne pour la plage granulométrique i, %
A,i
ePM valeur d’efficacité minimum avec x = 1 µm, 2,5 µm ou 10 µm de l'élément filtrant conditionné, %
x,min
ePM efficacité avec x = 1 µm, 2,5 µm ou 10 µm, %
x
q débit d'air au niveau du filtre, m /s
V
q débit d'air nominal du fabricant, m /s
V,nom
q débit d'air d'essai au niveau du filtre, m /s
Vt
q (d) distribution en volume des particules individuelles, sans dimension
Q (d) distribution en volume des particules cumulées, sans dimension
σ écart-type de la distribution log-normale
g
y rapport de mélange de la distribution granulométrique bimodale
ASHRAE American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers
CEN Comité Européen de Normalisation
5 Spécifications et exigences techniques
5.1 Généralités
L'élément filtrant doit être conçu ou marqué de manière à indiquer la direction du flux d'air, de manière à
empêcher tout montage incorrect.
Le filtre doit être conçu de sorte qu'aucune fuite ne se produise le long du bord d’étanchéité lorsqu'il est
correctement monté dans le conduit de ventilation. Si, pour quelle que raison que ce soit, les dimensions ne
permettent pas de soumettre à essai un filtre dans des conditions d'essai normalisées, l'assemblage de deux
filtres ou plus du même type ou modèle est permis, à condition qu'il n'y ait aucune fuite dans la configuration
de filtre résultante.
5.2 Matériau
L'élément filtrant doit être composé d'un matériau approprié pour résister à l'usage normal et à une exposition
aux températures, niveaux d'humidité et environnements corrosifs susceptibles d'être rencontrés.
L'élément filtrant doit être conçu de manière à résister aux contraintes mécaniques susceptibles d'être
rencontrées en usage normal.
5.3 Débit nominal d'air
L'élément filtrant doit être soumis à essai à son débit nominal d'air pour lequel le filtre a été conçu par le
fabricant.
Toutefois, de nombreux organismes nationaux et associatifs utilisent un débit nominal d'air de 0,944 m /s
3 3
(2 000 ft /min ou 3 400 m /h) pour la classification ou l'évaluation des filtres à air ayant une surface frontale
nominale de 610 mm × 610 mm (24 inch × 24 inch). Par conséquent, si le fabricant ne spécifie pas de débit
nominal d'air, le filtre doit être soumis à essai à 0,944 m /s. La vitesse d'écoulement de l'air associée à ce
débit d'air est de 2,54 m/s (500 ft/min).
5.4 Résistance à l'écoulement de l'air
La résistance à l'écoulement de l'air dans l'élément filtrant est enregistrée au débit d'air d'essai, comme
décrit de manière détaillée dans l'ISO 16890-2.
5.5 Courbes d'efficacité spectrale (plage d'efficacité en fonction de la taille des particules)
La courbe d'efficacité spectrale initiale, E , de l'élément filtrant non chargé et non conditionné en fonction de
i
la taille des particules est mesurée au débit d'air d'essai conformément à l’ISO 16890-2.
La courbe d'efficacité spectrale, E , de l'élément filtrant après une étape de conditionnement artificiel définie
D,i
dans l'ISO 16890-4 est déterminée en fonction de la taille des particules conformément à l'ISO 16890-2.
5.6 Efficacité gravimétrique
L’efficacité gravimétrique initiale, la résistance à l'écoulement de l'air en fonction de la masse de poussière
d'essai retenue et la capacité de colmatage sont déterminées conformément à l'ISO 16890-3 en utilisant la
poussière d’essai L2 telle que spécifiée dans l’ISO 15957.
6 Méthodes et mode opératoire d'essai
Les spécifications techniques du (des) banc(s) d'essai, les conditions d'essai associées, les aérosols d'essai et
la poussière d'essai normalisée utilisés dans le cadre du présent document sont décrits de manière détaillée
dans l'ISO 16890-2, l’ISO 16890-3 et l’ISO 16890-4. L'essai complet selon le présent document comprend les
étapes indiquées ci-dessous, qui doivent toutes être réalisées avec le même échantillon de filtre, dans les
mêmes conditions d'essai et au même débit d'air d'essai:
a) mesurer la résistance à l’écoulement de l’air en fonction du débit d’air selon l’ISO 16890-2;
b) mesurer la courbe d'efficacité spectrale initiale, E , de l'élément filtrant non chargé et non conditionné en
i
fonction de la taille des particules conformément à l'ISO 16890-2;
c) effectuer une étape de conditionnement artificiel conformément à l'ISO 16890-4;
d) mesurer la courbe d'efficacité spectrale, E , de l'élément filtrant conditionné en fonction de la taille des
D,i
particules conformément à l'ISO 16890-2, qui est égale à l’efficacité spectrale minimum d’essai;
e) calculer les efficacités ePM telles que définies à l'Article 7;
f) charger le filtre avec une poussière d'essai synthétique L2 telle que spécifiée dans l’ISO 15957 selon les
modes opératoires décrits dans l'ISO 16890-3 afin de déterminer l’efficacité gravimétrique initiale, la
résistance à l'écoulement de l'air en fonction de la masse de poussière d'essai retenue et la capacité de
colmatage.
Sauf pour les filtres du groupe ISO Grossier, le chargement de poussière conformément à l'ISO 16890-3 et le
mesurage de l’efficacité gravimétrique initiale sont facultatifs. Les filtres ISO grossiers peuvent être classés
uniquement sur la base de l'efficacité gravimétrique initiale et donc, dans ce cas, le mesurage des valeurs
d'efficacité ePM (étapes b. à e.) est facultatif.
x
La courbe d'efficacité spectrale initiale, E , de l'élément filtrant non traité et non chargé (voir le 5.5) et les
i
courbes d'efficacité spectrale, E , après une étape de conditionnement artificiel sont utilisées pour calculer
D,i
la courbe d'efficacité spectrale moyenne, E , à l'aide de la Formule (1).
A,i
EE 05, E (1)
AD,,ii i
NOTE Pour plus d’explication sur le mode opératoire d’essai selon l’ISO 16890-4, se référer au 8.2.
Le mode opératoire décrit dans l'ISO 16890-4 permet de montrer quantitativement l'étendue de l'effet des
charges électrostatiques sur les performances initiales de l'élément filtrant sans charge de poussière. Il
indique le niveau d'efficacité pouvant être obtenu avec l'effet des charges complétement supprimé et sans
augmentation compensatrice de l'efficacité mécanique. Ainsi, les efficacités spectrales, E , après une étape
D,i
de conditionnement artificiel peut sous-estimer les efficacités spectrales dans les conditions réelles de
service. Étant donné que l’efficacité spectrale réelle minimale rencontrée en service dépend fortement des
conditions de fonctionnement définies par de nombreux paramètres incontrôlés, sa valeur réelle se situe de
façon non prévisible entre la valeur initiale et la valeur après conditionnement. Pour des raisons de bon sens,
dans la présente partie de l’ISO 16890, la moyenne entre la valeur initiale et la valeur après conditionnement
est utilisée pour prédire les efficacités spectrales réelles d'un filtre en service, telle que définie par la
Formule (1). Il doit donc être noté que les efficacités spectrales mesurées en service réel peuvent différer
de manière significative de celles indiquées dans la présente partie de l’ISO 16890. De plus, le traitement
chimique d'un média filtrant appliqué dans l'ISO 16890-4 comme étape de vieillissement artificiel peut
altérer la structure de la matrice fibreuse du média filtrant ou altérer chimiquement les fibres ou même
détruire entièrement le média filtrant. Par conséquent, tous les types de filtres et de médias ne peuvent pas
être soumis au mode opératoire obligatoire décrit dans l'ISO 16890-4 et, dans ce cas, ne peuvent pas être
classés selon la présente partie de l’ISO 16890.
7 Système de classification basé sur l’efficacité des particules en suspension (ePM)
7.1 Définition d'une distribution granulométrique standardisée de l'air ambiant
Pour évaluer les filtres à air en fonction de leurs efficacités ePM, des fonctions de distribution en volume
standardisée de la taille des particules sont utilisées, qui représentant globalement l'air ambiant moyen des
zones urbaines et rurales, respectivement. Habituellement, dans la plage de dimension d'intérêt (>0,3 µm),
les tailles de particules dans l'air ambiant suivent une distribution bimodale avec un mode fin et un mode
grossier. Les filtres fins, conçus principalement pour filtrer les particules de fractions granulométriques
PM et PM , sont évalués en utilisant une distribution granulométrique qui représente les zones urbaines,
1 2,5
alors que les filtres fins conçus principalement pour filtrer la fraction PM sont évalués en utilisant une
distribution granulométrique qui représente les zones rurales.
NOTE 1 La distribution granulométrique réelle des particules de l'air ambiant dépend d'un grand nombre
de facteurs différents. Ainsi, selon le lieu, la saison de l'année et les conditions météorologiques, la distribution
granulométrique réelle mesurée des particules peut varier de manière significative par rapport à celle standardisées
indiquée dans la présente partie de l’ISO 16890.
Cette distribution bimodale est représentée en combinant les distributions log-normales du mode grossier
et du mode fin, comme indiqué dans la Formule (3).
2
lnddln
fd,, d exp (2)
g 50
ln 2
g 2 ln
g
Dans la Formule (2), fd,, d représente la fonction de distribution log-normale pour un mode, grossier
g 50
ou fin, où d est la taille de particules variable, pour lequel la distribution est calculée, et l'écart-type, σ , et la
g
taille médiane des particules, d , sont les paramètres d'échelle. La distribution bimodale est calculée comme
indiqué dans la Formule (3) en combinant les distributions log-normales du mode grossier (B) et du mode
fin (A), pondérées par le rapport de mélange, y.
dQd
qd yf dd,,1 yf dd,, (3)
3 gA 50AgBB50
dlnd
Les paramètres de la Formule (3) sont définis par les valeurs données dans le Tableau 2, représentant les
zones urbaine et rurale.
Tableau 2 — Paramètres pour la fonction de distribution telle que donnée dans la Formule (3) pour
les environnements urbain et rural
urbainqd A B
3u i
d 0,3 μm 10 μm
50,u
σ
2,2 3,1
gu,
y 0,45
u
ruralqd A B
3r i
d
0,25 μm 11 μm
50,r
σ 2,2 4
gr,
y 0,18
r
La Figure 1 donne une représentation graphique de la Formule (3) en utilisant les paramètres donnés dans
le Tableau 2.
a) Distribution granulométrique type urbaine b) Distribution granulométrique type rurale
Légende
X taille de particule (μm)
Y distribution logarithmique (%)
distribution logarithmique (la présente norme)
distribution logarithmique (cumulative)
Figure 1 — Fonctions de distribution logarithmique des particules individuelles et cumulatives
en volume de l'aérosol ambiant tel que typiquement trouvé dans a) les environnements urbains et
b) les environnements ruraux (voir la Référence [7])
Par exemple, le Tableau 3 donne les valeurs de la proportion standardisée en volume, q , calculées à l'aide de
la Formule (3) pour les canaux du compteur de particules recommandé dans l’ISO 16890-2.
Tableau 3 — Exemple de distribution standardisée en volume de particules en milieu urbain et
rural, q dans l'air ambiant pour les canaux de taille de particules recommandés dans ISO 16890-2
3,
Diamètre optique des particules en µm Distribution en volume des particules indi-
viduelles
d d urbain rural
i i+1 lndd ln /d
dd d
ii1 i
ii i 1
qd qd
3u i 3r i
0,30 0,40 0,35 0,29 0,226 27 0,094 12
0,40 0,55 0,47 0,32 0,198 91 0,083 95
0,55 0,70 0,62 0,24 0,158 37 0,074 32
0,70 1,00 0,84 0,36 0,115 22 0,070 14
1,00 1,30 1,14 0,26 0,085 03 0,076 28
1,30 1,60 1,44 0,21 0,076 18 0,088 33
1,60 2,20 1,88 0,32 0,080 22 0,108 04
2,20 3,00 2,57 0,31 0,099 84 0,137 26
3,00 4,00 3,46 0,29 0,126 88 0,167 08
4,00 5,50 4,69 0,32 0,155 56 0,195 42
5,50 7,00 6,20 0,24 0,177 57 0,216 71
7,00 10,0 8,37 0,36 0,191 57 0,231 43
NOTE 2 Les différences entre les diamètres aérodynamiques et optiques des particules sont négligées dans le
présent document. De plus, il est admis que la densité particulaire est constante alors que dans l’air ambiant réel, elle
peut dépendre de la taille des particules.
7.2 Calcul des efficacités des particules en suspension (ePM)
Les efficacités des particules en suspension ePM , ePM et ePM sont calculées à partir des efficacités
10 2,5 1
spectrales moyennes E , (voir la Formule (1)) et de la distribution granulométrique standardisée définie
A,i
au 7.1 (voir la Formule (3)) en u
...