ISO 23308-1:2020

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23308-1
First edition
2020-05
Energy efficiency of industrial
trucks — Test methods —
Part 1:
General
Efficacité énergétique des chariots de manutention — Méthodes
d'essai —
Partie 1: Généralités
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Test conditions . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Test equipment . 3
4.2.1 Test area . 3
4.2.2 Test track . 3
4.2.3 Test load and / or towing capacity . 3
4.3 Truck conditions . 3
4.4 Environmental conditions . 4
4.5 Truck maintenance . 4
4.6 Battery condition . 4
5 Measurement procedure . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Operating sequence . 5
5.3 Electric trucks . 5
5.3.1 General. 5
5.3.2 Truck measurement . 5
5.3.3 Battery efficiency . 6
5.3.4 Charger efficiency . 7
5.4 Internal combustion (IC)-trucks . 7
5.5 Hybrid trucks . 7
5.6 Measurement accuracy . 7
5.7 Calculation . 8
6 Documentation . 8
6.1 Test report . 8
6.2 Declaration . 9
6.2.1 Truck energy consumption . 9
6.2.2 Battery efficiency . 9
6.2.3 Charger efficiency . 9
Annex A (normative) Determination of battery efficiency by using the synthetic discharge cycle .10
Annex B (normative) Simplified procedure to calculate the battery and charging efficiency
for lead-acid batteries .15
Annex C (informative) Calculation of the carbon dioxide equivalent.17
Bibliography .20
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 110, Industrial trucks, Subcommittee
SC 5, Sustainability.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 23308-2 and/or ISO 23308-3.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23308 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

Introduction
The ISO 23308 series deals with the energy efficiency of industrial trucks including batteries and
battery chargers.
This document contains the procedures to determine the efficiency of trucks, traction batteries and
battery chargers. The other parts provide a specific test cycle for different truck types.
NOTE The test cycles are based on the VDI 2198 guideline. This guideline is widely accepted by industry
and is used to measure the energy consumption of electric industrial trucks and internal combustion (IC)
industrial trucks. The guideline has been in place since 1996 and it is used broadly. This approach provides for
the evaluation of the energy efficiency of trucks by comparison.
The content of this document is of relevance for the following stakeholder groups:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— market surveillance authorities;
— machine users (small, medium and large enterprises);
— service providers, e.g. for consulting activities.
The stakeholder groups above have been given the opportunity to take part in the drafting process of
this document. The machines concerned are indicated in the scope of this document.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23308-1:2020(E)
Energy efficiency of industrial trucks — Test methods —
Part 1:
General
1 Scope
This document specifies general test criteria and requirements to measure the energy consumption for
self-propelled industrial trucks (hereinafter referred to as trucks) during operation. For electric trucks,
the efficiency of the battery and the battery charger is included.
The truck specific requirements in ISO 23308-2 and ISO 23308-3 take precedence over the respective
requirements of ISO 23308-1.
This document is applicable to the in-use phase of the product life cycle.
It applies to the following truck types according to ISO 5053-1:
— counterbalance lift truck;
— articulated counterbalance lift truck;
— reach truck (with retractable mast or fork arm carriage);
— straddle truck;
— pallet-stacking truck;
— pallet truck;
— platform and stillage truck;
— pallet truck end controlled;
— order-picking truck;
— centre-controlled order-picking truck;
— towing, pushing tractor and burden carrier;
— towing and stacking tractor;
— side-loading truck (one side only);
— variable-reach container handler;
— counterbalance container handler;
— lateral-stacking truck (both sides);
— lateral-stacking truck (three sides);
— multi-directional lift truck.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3691-1:2011, Industrial trucks — Safety requirements and verification — Part 1: Self-propelled
industrial trucks, other than driverless trucks, variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks
ISO 3691-2:2016, Industrial trucks — Safety requirements and verification — Part 2: Self-propelled
variable-reach trucks
ISO 5053-1, Industrial trucks — Terminology and classification — Part 1: Types of industrial trucks
ISO 15500-1, Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components — Part 1: General
requirements and definitions
ISO 23308 (all parts), Energy efficiency of Industrial trucks — Test methods
IEC 60254-1, Lead acid traction batteries — Part 1: General requirements and methods of tests
IEC 62620:2014, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23308-1
First edition
2020-05
Energy efficiency of industrial
trucks — Test methods —
Part 1:
General
Efficacité énergétique des chariots de manutention — Méthodes
d'essai —
Partie 1: Généralités
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Test conditions . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Test equipment . 3
4.2.1 Test area . 3
4.2.2 Test track . 3
4.2.3 Test load and / or towing capacity . 3
4.3 Truck conditions . 3
4.4 Environmental conditions . 4
4.5 Truck maintenance . 4
4.6 Battery condition . 4
5 Measurement procedure . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Operating sequence . 5
5.3 Electric trucks . 5
5.3.1 General. 5
5.3.2 Truck measurement . 5
5.3.3 Battery efficiency . 6
5.3.4 Charger efficiency . 7
5.4 Internal combustion (IC)-trucks . 7
5.5 Hybrid trucks . 7
5.6 Measurement accuracy . 7
5.7 Calculation . 8
6 Documentation . 8
6.1 Test report . 8
6.2 Declaration . 9
6.2.1 Truck energy consumption . 9
6.2.2 Battery efficiency . 9
6.2.3 Charger efficiency . 9
Annex A (normative) Determination of battery efficiency by using the synthetic discharge cycle .10
Annex B (normative) Simplified procedure to calculate the battery and charging efficiency
for lead-acid batteries .15
Annex C (informative) Calculation of the carbon dioxide equivalent.17
Bibliography .20
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 110, Industrial trucks, Subcommittee
SC 5, Sustainability.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 23308-2 and/or ISO 23308-3.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23308 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

Introduction
The ISO 23308 series deals with the energy efficiency of industrial trucks including batteries and
battery chargers.
This document contains the procedures to determine the efficiency of trucks, traction batteries and
battery chargers. The other parts provide a specific test cycle for different truck types.
NOTE The test cycles are based on the VDI 2198 guideline. This guideline is widely accepted by industry
and is used to measure the energy consumption of electric industrial trucks and internal combustion (IC)
industrial trucks. The guideline has been in place since 1996 and it is used broadly. This approach provides for
the evaluation of the energy efficiency of trucks by comparison.
The content of this document is of relevance for the following stakeholder groups:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— market surveillance authorities;
— machine users (small, medium and large enterprises);
— service providers, e.g. for consulting activities.
The stakeholder groups above have been given the opportunity to take part in the drafting process of
this document. The machines concerned are indicated in the scope of this document.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23308-1:2020(E)
Energy efficiency of industrial trucks — Test methods —
Part 1:
General
1 Scope
This document specifies general test criteria and requirements to measure the energy consumption for
self-propelled industrial trucks (hereinafter referred to as trucks) during operation. For electric trucks,
the efficiency of the battery and the battery charger is included.
The truck specific requirements in ISO 23308-2 and ISO 23308-3 take precedence over the respective
requirements of ISO 23308-1.
This document is applicable to the in-use phase of the product life cycle.
It applies to the following truck types according to ISO 5053-1:
— counterbalance lift truck;
— articulated counterbalance lift truck;
— reach truck (with retractable mast or fork arm carriage);
— straddle truck;
— pallet-stacking truck;
— pallet truck;
— platform and stillage truck;
— pallet truck end controlled;
— order-picking truck;
— centre-controlled order-picking truck;
— towing, pushing tractor and burden carrier;
— towing and stacking tractor;
— side-loading truck (one side only);
— variable-reach container handler;
— counterbalance container handler;
— lateral-stacking truck (both sides);
— lateral-stacking truck (three sides);
— multi-directional lift truck.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3691-1:2011, Industrial trucks — Safety requirements and verification — Part 1: Self-propelled
industrial trucks, other than driverless trucks, variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks
ISO 3691-2:2016, Industrial trucks — Safety requirements and verification — Part 2: Self-propelled
variable-reach trucks
ISO 5053-1, Industrial trucks — Terminology and classification — Part 1: Types of industrial trucks
ISO 15500-1, Road vehicles — Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components — Part 1: General
requirements and definitions
ISO 23308 (all parts), Energy efficiency of Industrial trucks — Test methods
IEC 60254-1, Lead acid traction batteries — Part 1: General requirements and methods of tests
IEC 62620:2014, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid
...