ISO/IEC TR 15944-14:2020

TECHNICAL ISO/IEC TR
REPORT 15944-14
First edition
2020-11
Information technology — Business
operational view —
Part 14:
Open-edi reference model and cloud
computing architecture
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2020
© ISO/IEC 2020
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ii © ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms .10
5 Brief summary of Open-edi reference model .11
5.1 Open-edi reference model overview .11
5.2 Business operational view .11
5.3 Functional service view .12
6 Brief summary of cloud computing reference architecture .13
6.1 Cloud computing overview.13
6.2 Cloud computing reference architecture (CCRA) .15
7 Semantic models of the Open-edi reference model and the cloud computing
architecture .16
7.1 Open-edi reference model in FBM .16
7.2 Cloud computing architecture in FBM .19
8 Analysis of Open-edi and cloud computing .21
8.1 General discussion .21
8.2 Summary of cloud computing and roles of an agent or a third party and a seller in
executing business transactions .22
Annex A (informative) Consolidated list of terms and definitions with cultural adaptability:
ISO English and ISO French language equivalency .24
Annex B (informative) Consolidated set of key rules in the ISO/IEC 15944 series of
particular relevance to cloud computing architecture .32
Annex C (informative) Mapping key "cloud computing" concepts/definitions into an
eBusiness requirements context .36
Annex D (informative) FBM (fact-based modelling) .42
Annex E (informative) Discussion of definitions of "role" in ISO/IEC 14662 and ISO/IEC 17789 .43
Annex F (informative) List of parts of the ISO/IEC 15944 series .44
Bibliography .45
© ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved iii

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that
are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through
technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of
technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other
international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also
take part in the work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for
the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents) or the IEC
list of patent declarations received (see http:// patents .iec .ch).
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For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 32, Data management and interchange.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 15944 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved

Introduction
0.1  Purpose and overview
Open-edi is defined in ISO/IEC 14662 as "electronic data interchange among multiple autonomous
Persons to accomplish an explicit shared business goal according to Open-edi standards". Cloud computing
is defined in ISO/IEC 17788 as "a paradigm for enabling network access to a scalable and elastic pool of
shareable physical or virtual resources with self-service provisioning and administration on demand". There
are many similarities and commonalities among the Open-edi reference model and cloud computing
reference architecture.
ISO/IEC 15944 is a multipart eBusiness standard which is based on and focuses on the BOV perspective
of the ISO/IEC 14662 Open-edi reference model. This document is intented to serve as a bridge among
standards development involved in Open-edi and cloud computing.
The primary purpose of this document is to identify commonalities between:
a) the ISO/IEC 14662 Open-edi reference model (and related ISO/IEC 15944 series); and,
b) ISO/IEC 17789 (and related standards).
0.2  Link to ISO/IEC 14662 and ISO/IEC 15944 perspectives
1)
0.2.1  ISO/IEC 14662 Open-edi reference model
The ISO/IEC 14662, Open-edi reference model states the conceptual architecture necessary for
carrying out electronic business transactions among autonomous parties. That architecture identifies
and describes the need to have two separate and related views of the business transaction.
The first is the business operational view (BOV). The second is the functional service view (FSV).
Figure 1 (copied from ISO/IEC 14662) illustrates the Open-edi environment.
Figure 1 — Open-edi environment
1)  The Memorandum of Understanding between ISO, IEC, ITU and UN/ECE (2000) concerning standardization in
the field of electronic business is based on this Model. See https:// www .unece .org/ fileadmin/ DAM/ oes/ MOU/
2000/ 24March2000 _IEC _ISO _ITU .pdf.
© ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved v

0.2.2  ISO/IEC 15944-1
ISO/IEC 15944-1 states the requirements of the BOV aspects of Open-edi in support of electronic
business transactions. They are required to be taken into account in the development of business
semantic descriptive techniques for modelling e-business transactions and components thereof as re-
useable business objects. They include:
— commercial frameworks and associated requirements;
— legal frameworks and associated requirements;
— public policy requirements particularly which apply to individuals, i.e., are rights of individuals,
which are of a generic nature such as consumer protection, privacy protection, and accessibility
(see further in ISO/IEC 15944-5:2008, 6.3);
— requirements arising from the need to support cultural adaptability. This includes meeting
localization and multilingual requirements, (e.g., as may be required by a particular jurisdictional
domain or desired to provide a good, service and/or right in a particular market). One needs the
ability to distinguish, the specification of scenarios, scenario components, and their semantics, in
the context of making commitments, between:
a) the use of unique, unambiguous and linguistically neutral identifiers (often as composite
identifiers) at the information technology interface level among the IT systems of participation
parties on the one hand; and, on the other,
b) their multiple human interface equivalent (HIE) expressions in a presentation form appropriate
to the Persons involved in the making of the resulting commitments.
Figure 2 (copied from ISO/IEC 15944-1) shows an integrated view of these business operational
requirements.
vi © ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved

Figure 2 — Integrated view of business operational requirements
In electronic business transactions, whether undertaken on a for profit or not-for-profit basis,
the key element is commitment exchange among Persons made through their decision-making
applications (DMAs) of their information technology systems (IT systems) accessibility (see further
© ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved vii

in ISO/IEC 14662:2010, 5.2) acting on behalf of Persons. Persons are the only entities able to make
commitments.
The business operational view (BOV) was therefore defined as:
"perspective of business transactions limited to those aspects regarding the making of business
decisions and commitments among Persons which are needed for the description of a business
transaction".
[ISO/IEC 14662:2010, 3.3]
There are three categories of Person as a role player in Open-edi, namely:
1) the Person as individual,
2) the Person as organization, and
2)
3) the Person as public administration .
There are also three basic (or primitive) roles of Persons in business transactions, namely: buyer, seller,
and regulator. When modelling business transactions, jurisdictional domains prescribe their external
constraints in the role of regulator and execute them as public administration.
0.3 Importance of and role of terms and definitions
The ISO/IEC 15944 series sets out the processes for achieving a common understanding of the business
operational view (BOV) from commercial, legal, ICT, public policy and cross-sectoral perspectives. It is
therefore important to check and confirm that a common understanding in any one of these domains is
also unambiguously understood as identical in the others.
This subclause is included in each part of the ISO/IEC 15944 series to emphasize that harmonized
concepts and definitions (and assigned terms) in its Parts are essential to the continuity of the overall
standard.
In order to minimize ambiguity in the definitions and their associated terms, each definition and its
associated term has been made available in at least one language other than English in the document
in which
...