ISO/IEC TR 20547-1:2020

TECHNICAL ISO/IEC TR
REPORT 20547-1
First edition
2020-08
Information technology — Big data
reference architecture —
Part 1:
Framework and application process
Technologies de l'information — Architecture de référence des
mégadonnées —
Partie 1: Cadre méthodologique et processus d'application
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2020
© ISO/IEC 2020
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ii © ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 2
5 Document overview. 3
6 Big data standardization: motivation and objectives . 3
7 Conceptual foundations . 5
7.1 General . 5
7.2 Reference architecture concepts . 5
7.3 Reference architecture structure . 6
8 Big data reference architecture elements . 7
8.1 Overview . 7
8.2 Stakeholders . 8
8.3 Concerns . 9
8.4 Views . 9
8.4.1 User view .10
8.4.2 Functional view .10
9 Big data reference architecture application process .10
9.1 Overview .10
9.2 Identify stakeholders and concerns.11
9.3 Map stakeholders and concerns to roles and subroles .11
9.4 Develop detailed activity descriptions and map to concerns .12
9.5 Define functional components to implement activities .13
9.6 Cross walk activities/functional components back to concerns .13
Bibliography .14
© ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved iii

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that
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The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for
the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
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list of patent declarations received (see http:// patents .iec .ch).
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iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 42, Artificial intelligence.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 20547 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved

Introduction
The big data paradigm is a rapidly changing field with rapidly changing technologies. This dynamic
situation creates two significant issues for potential implementers of the technology. First, there is a
lack of standard definitions for terms including the core concept of big data. The second issue is that
there is no consistent approach to describe a big data architecture and implementation. The first issue
is addressed by ISO/IEC 20546. The ISO/IEC 20547 series is targeted to the second issue and provides
a framework and reference architecture which organizations can apply to their problem domain to
effectively and consistently describe their architecture and its implementations with respect to the
roles/actors and their concerns as well as the underlying technology. This document describes the
reference architecture framework and provides a process for mapping a specific problem set/use case
to the architecture and evaluating that mapping.
© ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved v

TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 20547-1:2020(E)
Information technology — Big data reference
architecture —
Part 1:
Framework and application process
1 Scope
This document describes the framework of the big data reference architecture and the process for how
a user of the document can apply it to their particular problem domain.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010, Systems and software engineering — Architecture description
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
big data
extensive datasets — primarily in the characteristics of volume, variety, velocity, and/or variability —
that require a scalable technology for efficient storage, manipulation, and analysis
Note 1 to entry: Big data is commonly used in many different ways, for example as the name of the scalable
technology used to handle big data extensive datasets.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 20546:2019, 3.1.2]
3.2
reference architecture
in the field of software architecture or enterprise architecture, provides a proven template solution
for an architecture for a particular domain, as well as a common vocabulary with which to discuss
implementations, often with the aim of stressing commonality
[SOURCE: ISO/TR 14639-2:2014, 2.65]
3.3
framework
particular set of beliefs, or ideas referred to in order to describe a scenario or solve a problem
[SOURCE: ISO 15638-6:2014, 4.30]
© ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved 1

3.4
security
protection against intentional subversion or forced failure. A composite of four attributes —
confidentiality, integrity, availability, and accountability — plus aspects of a fifth, usability, all of which
have the related issue of their assurance
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015, 4.1, 31]
3.5
privacy
right of individuals to control or influence what information related to them may be collected and
stored and by whom that information may be disclosed
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC TR 26927:2011, 3.34]
3.6
provenance
information on the place and time of origin, derivation or generation of a resource or a record or proof
of authenticity or of past ownership
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 11179-7:2019, 3.1.10]
3.7
SQL
database language specified by ISO/IEC 9075
Note 1 to entry: SQL is sometimes interpreted to stand for Structured Query Language but that name is not used
in the ISO/IEC 9075 series.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 20546:2019, 3.1.36]
3.8
lifecycle
evolution of a system, product, service, project or other human-made entity from conception through
retirement
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015, 4.1.23]
4 Abbreviated terms
BDA big data auditor
BDAcP big data access provider
BDAnP big data analytics provider
BDAP big data application provider
BDCP big data collection provider
BDFP big data framework provider
BDIP big data infrastructure provider
BDPlaP big data platform provider
BDPreP big data preparation provider
BDProP big data processing provider
2 © ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved

BDSD big data service developer
BDSO big data system orchestrator
BDSP big data service partner
BDRA big data reference architecture
BDVP big data visualization provider
GDPR general data protection regulation
JSON Javascript object notation
RDF resource description framework
SQuaRE systems and software quality requirements and evaluation
XML extensible markup language
5 Document overview
This document is designed to introduce the reader to certain big data reference architecture concepts
so that they can apply the other documents in the ISO/IEC 20547 series to their specific system and
problem set.
Clauses 6 to 9:
— give the motivation and objectives behind big data standards;
— provide an introduction to reference architectures and their purpose;
— provide an overview of the BDRA and an explanation of its key concepts;
— provide a process on application of the BDRA to a problem domain.
This document can be leveraged in various ways when reading and applying the ISO/IEC 20547 series:
a) if the user intends to read only this document to gain a general understanding of the BDRA and its
applicability to his/her problem space
...