ISO 37184:2023

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 37184
First edition
2023-03
Sustainable mobility and
transportation — Framework for
transportation services by providing
meshes for 5G communication
Mobilité et transport durable — Cadre pour les services de transport
en fournissant des mailles pour la communication 5G
Reference number
© ISO 2023
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Concept of framework for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G
communication . 1
4.1 Background . 1
4.2 Meshes and mesh network creation and connection to 5G backbone networks . . 2
4.3 Target city issues and effectiveness of transportation services by providing meshes . 2
4.4 Meeting the sustainable development goals (SDSs) . 3
5 Adoption of framework for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G
communication . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Promotion of transportation services . 3
6 Security in transportation services by providing meshes for 5G communication .3
6.1 Data transmission performance by transportation services . 3
6.2 Data transmission security for transportation services . 4
6.2.1 General . 4
6.2.2 Security procedure in transportation services . 5
6.2.3 Security on gateways to/from 5G backbone networks . 5
7 Personal privacy protection for transportation services by providing meshes for
5G communication . 6
8 Quality maintenance of transportation services by providing meshes for 5G
communication . 6
8.1 General . 6
8.2 Parameters to be monitored . 6
8.3 Modification of transportation services . 6
Bibliography . 7
iii
Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,
Subcommittee SC 2, Sustainable cities and communities - Sustainable mobility and transportation.
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iv
Introduction
5G is the latest generation of cellular mobile communication services, connecting multiple terminals and
devices such as PCs and smartphones. Non-electronic objects can also be involved in 5G communication,
when they are electronically recognized using methods such as QR-codes and face recognition by
converting their images into electronic data. Thus, no matter whether things are digitally processed/
processable or not, all items can be connected in 5G communication, which is characterized by high
speed, negligible delay and large capacity traffic in data transmission, assisted with edge computing.
In 5G communication, carrier waves in high-frequency ranges are used, where many frequency channels
had been vacant. However, high frequency waves are easily scattered by objects while propagating.
This shortcoming requires building many base stations to successfully receive and forward waves.
Transportation services are the most widely networked to connect people, delivery items and freight to
villages, towns, cities and large city zones with public roads, railroads and rivers or canals which have
transportation facilities, i.e. streetlamps, traffic signals, signboards, bus stops, railroad instruments,
stations, ports. Private and commercial vehicles are active wherever human activities are in place.
Transportation facilities and vehicles are, therefore, operative places to install nodes with a transceiver
for carrier waves. The facilities and vehicles statically or dynamically form local ad hoc networks of
meshes which can organically be overlapped with backbone networks of 5G communication. This
complements the current transportation services using 5G communication services, indirectly and
effectively.
This document outlines how transportation facilities and vehicles can contribute to transportation
services using 5G communication services by providing as many large and stable meshes as possible, as
a means to support the current 5G backbone networks.
In the development of this document, ISO Guide 82 has been taken into account in addressing
sustainability issues.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 37184:2023(E)
Sustainable mobility and transportation — Framework
for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G
communication
1 Scope
This document provides:
— a framework for transportation services using 5G communication by providing meshes;
— a description on expanding the service coverage of 5G backbone networks for transportation and
mobility by applying meshes created in transportation facilities, vehicles and service dispatches;
— a service framework using infrastructure, vehicles and mobility service providers;
— a description on the effective transportation service for sustainable cities and communities.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Concept of framework for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G
communication
4.1 Background
5G communication services are starting to become widespread worldwide to transmit more data by
increasing the number of carrier wave channels. Since 3G and 4G communication mainly uses low
frequency channels, most countries use high frequency ranges to adopt 5G communication by following
3GPP TS 38.104 V16.7.0. The frequency ranges used for 5G communication, which are normally 3,5 GHz
to 3,8 GHz, are higher compared to those for 3G and 4G communication. Owing to the short wavelengths
of the carrier waves in 5G communication, the waves can be easily scattered while propagating and
drastically attenuating. To gain wave signal amplitude or power for longer distance transmission and
expand the service coverage, more base stations should be built up, but they require sufficient power
supply and large premises for operation, which results in increased capital costs. As the service areas
remain limited due to such reasons, 5G communication has not yet become common worldwide.
As transportation systems already have dense and large networks, it is expected that transportation
infrastructures can be used as places to install small cells for mesh networking to enlarge 5G
communication coverage. Small cells, the size and weight of which are minimized, can be simply placed
at as many spots as possible to locally process communication signals. Such a small cell, called a mesh
node, forms a mesh. Meshes overlap with each other and generate mesh networks. Individual meshes
and mesh networks further overlap with the current backbone networks of 5G communication.
Wherever human activities take place, transportation is used. Every city has transportation vehicles
and facilities such as bus stops, rail stations, ports, airports, public roads, railroad tracks, transportation
operators’ buildings, service facilities and related commercial architecture, even if the transportation
operation and service scale depends on populations and population density, as noted in ISO 37154:2017,
5.2 to 6.2. Lampposts, traffic lights and signboards as well as electric and signalling poles are built
on public roads and railroad tracks and their entire networks extended in a city or a large city zone.
Thus, as mentioned earlier, transportation vehicles and facilities are good places to install mesh nodes.
Mesh nodes, which are characterized by small and light device scales and low power consumption,
are also low maintenance. A mesh node has a low coverage of about 150 m area in radius. However,
a number of meshes created by placing many mesh nodes forms large networks. Vehicles effectively
help in dynamically forming meshes by moving. Smartphones can also create meshes, if the phone has
high enough power to perform routing. Thus, walking is still good transportation contributing to mesh
formation as people with phones spread in a city.
4.2 Meshes and mesh network creati
...