ISO/TR 8124-9:2020

TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 8124-9
Second edition
2020-03
Safety of toys —
Part 9:
Safety aspects related to mechanical
and physical properties —
Comparison of ISO 8124-1, EN 71-1
and ASTM F963
Sécurité des jouets —
Partie 9: Aspects de sécurité relatifs aux propriétés mécaniques et
physiques — Comparaison entre l'ISO 8124-1, l'EN 71-1 et l'ASTM F963
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
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ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .vii
Introduction .viii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Comparison of scopes . 1
5 Comparison of terms and definitions . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Analysis of the main differences between the terms and definitions . 8
5.2.1 Aquatic toy . 8
5.2.2 Asphyxiation and choking. 9
5.2.3 Ball . 9
5.2.4 Close-to-the-ear toy . 9
5.2.5 Cord .10
5.2.6 Elastic .10
5.2.7 Hand-held toy .11
5.2.8 Hazard .11
5.2.9 Large and bulky toy .11
5.2.10 Marble .12
5.2.11 Paper .12
5.2.12 Pompom .13
5.2.13 Projectile .13
5.2.14 Projectile toy with stored energy .14
5.2.15 Protective cap, protective cover or protective tip .14
5.2.16 Pull or push toy .15
5.2.17 Rattle .15
5.2.18 Toy scooter .16
5.2.19 Squeeze toy .16
6 Comparison of requirements .17
6.1 General .17
6.2 Normal use .17
6.3 Reasonably foreseeable abuse .18
6.4 Material .22
6.4.1 Fillings .23
6.4.2 Expanding materials .23
6.4.3 Glass and porcelain .24
6.5 Small parts .25
6.5.1 General.25
6.5.2 Small parts exemptions .25
6.5.3 Test methods .26
6.6 Shape, size and strength of certain toys .27
6.6.1 General.27
6.6.2 Squeeze toys, rattles and certain other toys .28
6.6.3 Small balls .29
6.6.4 Pompoms .30
6.6.5 Toy pacifiers .30
6.6.6 Balloons .30
6.6.7 Marbles .30
6.6.8 Hemispheric-shaped toys .31
6.6.9 Suction cups .32
6.6.10 Test templates .32
6.7 Edges .33
6.7.1 General.33
6.7.2 Age range for application of the functional sharp edge exemption .34
6.7.3 Toys assembled by adults .34
6.7.4 Test method .34
6.8 Points .35
6.8.1 General.35
6.8.2 Age range for application of the functional sharp point exemption .36
6.8.3 Electrical conductors.36
6.8.4 Examples of accessible, potentially hazardous sharp points.36
6.8.5 Test method .36
6.9 Projections .36
6.9.1 General.36
6.9.2 Ends of rigid handlebars .37
6.9.3 Age grade .37
6.9.4 Bath toy projections .37
6.9.5 Protective components .37
6.10 Metal wires and rods .37
6.10.1 General.37
6.10.2 Scope of the metal wires and rods flexure test .38
6.10.3 Metal wire flexure test methods .38
6.11 Plastic film or plastic bags in packaging and in toys .39
6.11.1 General.39
6.11.2 Scope of plastic film or plastic bags in packaging and in toys .39
6.11.3 Minimum sheet thickness .39
6.11.4 Thickness of plastic balloons .40
6.11.5 Detached plastic sheeting .40
6.11.6 Perforated plastic film .40
6.11.7 Determination of plastic sheet area .40
6.12 Cords .40
6.12.1 General.40
6.12.2 Length of cords, loops, nooses and tangled loops .42
6.12.3 Diameter of certain cords intended for children under 36 months .46
6.12.4 Self-retracting cords .46
6.12.5 Toys attached to or intended to be strung across, or otherwise attached to
a cradle, cot, perambulator or carriage .47
6.12.6 Cords on pull toys .48
6.12.7 Cords on toy bags .48
6.12.8 Cords, strings and lines for flying toys .49
6.12.9 Electrical cables .49
6.12.10 Cord warning.50
6.12.11 Test methods and equipment .50
6.12.12 Toy disguise costumes .52
6.13 Folding mechanisms .52
6.13.1 General.52
6.13.2 Hinge line clearance .53
6.13.3 Toy pushchairs, perambulators and similar toys .54
6.13.4 Requirement for folding devices having a scissor-like action .56
6.14 Holes, clearances and accessibility of mechanisms .56
6.14.1 General.56
6.14.2 Holes, clearances and accessibility of mechanisms .56
6.14.3 Accessible clearances for moveable segments .56
6.14.4 Chains or belts in ride-on toys .57
6.14.5 Other driving mechanisms .57
6.14.6 Winding keys .57
6.14.7 Toy bicycles and tricycles provided with a handle that can be used for
pushing the child .57
6.15 Springs .58
6.16 Stability and overload requirements .58
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

6.16.1 Stability requirements for ride-on toys and seats .58
6.16.2 Overload requirements for ride-on toys and seats .62
6.16.3 Stability of stationary floor toys .64
6.17 Enclosures .65
6.17.1 General.65
6.17.2 Impermeable material .65
6.17.3 Ventilation .66
6.17.4 Closures .66
6.17.5 Toy chests safety labelling .66
6.18 Simulated protective equipment, such as helmets, hats and goggles .67
6.19 Projectile toys .67
6.19.1 General.67
6.19.2 General requirements of projectiles .69
6.19.3 Projectile range .69
6.19.4 Impact surface .69
6.19.5 Discharge mechanism .71
6.19.6 Kinetic energy and warning .74
6.19.7 Toy catapults and projectiles propelled by an elastic band and projectile
toys without stored energy where the discharge mechanism can store
energy, only when held in place by the user .75
6.19.8 Dart .75
6.19.9 Mouth-actuated projectile toys .76
6.19.10 Test method .76
6.20 Rotors and propellers .76
6.20.1 General.76
6.20.2 Scope and exemption .77
6.20.3 Leading part(s) on rigid parts of flying toys .77
6.20.4 Examples of designs to minimize the risk potential of rotating blades.77
6.20.5 Rotor or propeller warning .78
6.20.6 Rotors and propellers on remote controlled flying toys .79
6.21 Aquatic toys .79
6.22 Braking .80
6.22.1 General.80
6.22.2 Braking device — exemptions .81
6.22.3 Braking device – requirements .81
6.22.4 Free-wheeling facility .81
6.22.5 Brake performance test .81
6.23 Toy bicycles .82
6.23.1 General.82
6.23.2 Braking system .82
6.23.3 Warning .83
6.24 Speed limitation of electrically driven ride-on toys .83
6.24.1 General.83
6.24.2 Seat requirements.83
6.24.3 Determination of maximum design speed of electrically driven ride-on toys .83
6.25 Toys containing a heat source .85
6.25.1 General.85
6.25.2 Exemption for toys containing a heat source .85
6.25.3 Scope of toys containing a heat source .85
6.25.4 Temperature rise for heat sources .85
6.25.5 Test environment for toys containing a heat source .86
6.26 Liquid-filled toys .86
6.27 Mouth-actuated toys .86
6.28 Toy roller skates, toy inline skates and toy skateboards .87
6.29 Percussion caps .87
6.30 Acoustic requirements .88
6.30.1 General.88
6.30.2 Scope for the acoustic .88
6.30.3 Category of acoustic toys .89
6.30.4 Rattles.89
6.30.5 Comparison of the acoustic requirements .89
6.30.6 Test method .89
6.31 Toy scooters .91
6.31.1 General.91
6.31.2 Comparison of toy scooter requirements .92
6.32 Magnets and magnetic components .92
6.33 Yo-yo balls .95
6.34 Straps intended to be worn fully or partially around the neck .96
6.35 Sledges and toboggans with cords for pulling .96
6.36 Jaw entrapment in handles and steering wheels .97
6.37 Toy gun markings (refer to ISO 8124-1:2018, Annex D) .97
6.38 Toys attached to food (refer to ISO 8124-1:2018, B.2.8) .97
6.39 Toys comprising monofilament fibres which may present long hair hazards (refer
to ISO 8124-1:2018) .97
6.40 Packaging and packaging components (spherical, egg-shaped or ellipsoidal, and
hemispheric-shaped containers) .98
Annex A (informative) Index of requirements in EN 71-1 .99
Annex B (informative) Index of requirements in ASTM F963 .112
Annex C (informative) Significant editorial and technical changes to the previous version of
this document .122
Bibliography .124
vi © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 181, Safety of toys.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TR 8124-9:2018), which has been
technically revised. The main changes to the previous edition are detailed in Annex C.
A list of all parts in the ISO 8124 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
Introduction
The purpose of this document is to compare and contrast the identified versions of ASTM F963: 2017,
EN 71-1:2014+A1: 2018 and ISO 8124-1:2018. This document focuses on the contents of these three
referenced standards as they relate to mechanical and physical properties including scope, definitions,
general requirements, warnings and test methods.
For ease of use and readability, ISO 8124-1:2018, Clause 4 is listed in Clause 6 of this document. For
example, ISO 8124-1:2018, 4.3 relates to 6.4 of this document.
This document is an overview and, therefore, does not cover the entirety of all the differences between
ISO 8124-1, ASTM F963 and EN 71-1. In addition, this document is not to be relied on to fully understand
conformity with any of the referenced standards or the requirements within them. In the case of any
discrepancies in the comparisons presented, please refer to the relevant clauses of the referenced
standards.
The index of requirements in EN 71-1 is given in Annex A.
The index of requirements in ASTM F963 is given in Annex B.
viii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 8124-9:2020(E)
Safety of toys —
Part 9:
Safety aspects related to mechanical and physical
properties — Comparison of ISO 8124-1, EN 71-1 and
ASTM F963
1 Scope
This document consists of a comparison of the mechanical and physical requirements covered by the
following toy safety standards:
a) ISO: ISO 8124-1:2018;
b) Europe (CEN): EN 71-1:2014+A1: 2018;
c) USA: ASTM F963: 2017.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Comparison of scopes
The scope of applicable toy products covered by the referenced standards is generally similar, as shown
in Table 1.
Table 1 — Scope
ISO 8124-1 EN 71-1 ASTM F963
The requirements in this document This European Standard applies This specification covers require-
apply to all toys, i.e. any product or to toys for children, toys being any ments and contains test methods
material designed or clearly intend- product or material designed or for toys intended for use by children
ed for use in play by children under intended, whether or not exclusive- under 14 years of age
14 years of age ly, for use in play by children of less
than 14 years
NOTE  “The words “whether or not
exclusively” have been added to the
definition to indicate that the prod-
uct does not have to be exclusively in-
tended for playing purposes in order
for it to be considered as a toy, but it
can have other functions as well. For
example, a key-ring with a teddy bear
attached to it is considered as a toy,
or a sleeping bag in the shape of a
soft filled toy”
Table 2 illustrates the differences in the product types which are exempted from the scope of each
standard.
Table 2 — Exemptions
ISO 8124-1 EN 71-1 ASTM F963
Bicycles, except for those Bicycles with a maximum Bicycles
considered to be toys, i.e. those saddle height of more than
having a maximum saddle 435 mm, measured as the verti-
height of 435 mm cal distance from the ground to
the top of the seat surface, with
the seat in a horizontal position
and with the seat pillar set to
the minimum insertion mark
(see Note 1)
Slingshots Toy slings and toy catapults, Sling shots
supplied without projectiles.
(see Note 2)
Toy slings and toy catapults
supplied with projectiles are
covered by this standard
Darts with metal points Products and games using Sharp-pointed darts
sharp-pointed missiles, such
as sets of darts with metallic
points (see Note 1)
Home and public playground Playground equipment intended Playground equipment
equipment for public use (see Note 2)
Compressed air- and gas-oper- Guns and pistols using com- Non-powder guns
ated guns and pistols pressed gas, with the exception
of water guns and water pistols
(see Note 1)
NOTE 1  For the purpose of EN 71-1, these product types are not considered as toys. There are guidance
documents issued by CEN to assist in the classification of toys.
NOTE 2  EN 71-1 does not apply to these toys.
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

Table 2 (continued)
ISO 8124-1 EN 71-1 ASTM F963
Kites (except for the electric re- — Kites (except for electric
sistance of their strings, which resistance of kite strings and
is included) handheld lines over 6 ft (1,8 m)
long, attached to flying devices
intended for use as playthings)
Model kits, hobby and craft — Hobby and craft items in which
items, in which the finished item the finished item is not primari-
is not primarily of play value ly of play value
Model kits in which the fin-
ished item is not primarily of
play value
Sporting goods and equipment, — Sporting goods, camping goods,
camping goods, athletic equip- athletic equipment, musical
ment, musical instruments and instruments, juvenile products,
furniture; however, toys which and furniture
are their counterparts are
However, toys that are their
included
counterparts are covered
Models of aircraft, rockets, Toy vehicles equipped with com- Powered models of aircraft,
boats and land vehicles pow- bustion engines (see Note 2) rockets, boats, and land ve-
ered by combustion engines; hicles; however, toys that are
however, toys which are their their counterparts are covered
counterparts are included
Collectible products not in- Products for collectors, provid- —
tended for children under 14 ed that the product or its pack-
years of age aging bears a visible and legible
indication that it is intended
for collectors of 14 years of age
and above Examples of this
category are:
— detailed and faithful scale
models
— kits for the assembly of
detailed
— scale models
— folk dolls and decorative
dolls and other similar
articles
— historical replicas of toys
Holiday decorations that are Decorative objects for festivities —
primarily intended for orna- and celebrations (see Note 1)
mental purposes
Aquatic equipment intended to Aquatic equipment intended —
be used in deep water, swim- to be used in deep water, and
ming-learning devices and swimming learning devices for
flotation aids for children such children, such as swim seats
as swim-seats and swim-aids and swimming aids (see Note 1)
NOTE 1  For the purpose of EN 71-1, these product types are not considered as toys. There are guidance
documents issued by CEN to assist in the classification of toys.
NOTE 2  EN 71-1 does not apply to these toys.
Table 2 (continued)
ISO 8124-1 EN 71-1 ASTM F963
Toys installed in public places Automatic playing machines, —
(e.g. arcades and shopping whether coin operated or not,
centres) intended for public use (see
Note 2)
Puzzles having more than 500 Puzzles with more than 500 —
pieces or without a picture, for pieces (see Note 1)
specialists
Fireworks including percussion Fireworks, incl
...