ISO 22328-1:2020

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22328-1
First edition
2020-11
Security and resilience — Emergency
management —
Part 1:
General guidelines for the
implementation of a community-
based disaster early warning system
Sécurité et résilience — Gestion des urgences —
Partie 1: Lignes directrices générales pour la mise en oeuvre d'un
système d'alerte communautaire rapide en cas de catastrophe
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
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ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Community-based disaster early warning system . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Risk assessment . 2
4.3 Dissemination and communication of knowledge . 3
4.4 Monitoring and warning service . 3
4.5 Response capability . 4
4.5.1 General. 4
4.5.2 Establishing a disaster preparedness team . 4
4.5.3 Determining an evacuation shelter . 4
4.5.4 Developing an evacuation map and routes . 5
4.5.5 Developing standard operating procedures. 5
4.5.6 Conducting an evacuation drill . 6
4.6 Commitment of the authority and community on the sustainability of the early
warning system . 6
Annex A (informative) Example of a community disaster preparedness team .7
Annex B (informative) Example of a layout of the evacuation map and routes .8
Annex C (informative) Example of a scheme of a community-based early warning system .9
Annex D (informative) Example of a flow of warning information and evacuation command .10
Annex E (informative) Example of an evacuation standard operating procedure.11
Bibliography .14
Foreword
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electrotechnical standardization.
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 292 Security and resilience.
A list of all parts in the ISO 22328 series can be found on the ISO website.
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iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, high river flows (e.g. floods, low river
flows, sudden flash floods), landslides, storm surges and hurricanes as well as slow-onset events such
as drought, extreme temperatures, heat waves or soil erosion can have devastating impacts. Disasters
can happen anytime to anyone who lives in a disaster-prone area. These disasters injure and kill people
and result in tremendous economic, social and environmental losses. Disasters can be caused by natural
hazards and/or by human beings.
Disaster mitigation can be conducted by using various approaches, including the construction of
prevention and protection works, which require a high investment of cost and time. In addition,
disasters can have a varied and wide range of impact, meaning that implementing these measures
may not be effective. Therefore, effective disaster risk reduction is implemented through various
approaches, by means of improving the community’s preparedness and consequent resilience through
the implementation of an early warning system (EWS).
A community-based disaster EWS is proposed to empower individuals and communities who live in
hazard-prone areas to be more aware, to react or evacuate in a sufficient time, and to reduce losses
caused by disasters, such as injuries, loss of life, and damage to property, economy and the environment.
The implementation of a community-based disaster EWS is consistent with the Sendai Framework for
[6]
Disaster Risk Reduction of 2015–2030 , specifically target g) of the seven global targets: “Substantially
increase the availability of and access to multi-hazard early warning systems and disaster risk
information and assessments to people by 2030”. Based on the fourth priority of the framework,
the improvement of preparedness is the basis for the capability to respond effectively to a disaster.
Improvement of preparedness can be achieved by implementing an EWS, in addition to improving the
dissemination and communication of knowledge about the early warning of disasters at local, national,
regional and international levels.
[7]
According to UN-ISDR , a complete and effective EWS consists of four interrelated key elements:
a) risk knowledge;
b) monitoring and warning service;
c) dissemination and communication;
d) response capability.
All of these elements are strongly correlated to the implementation of a community-based EWS.
EWSs are incorporated not only into engineering, but also into social aspects such as demography,
economics and culture. This document encourages the active response of the community to disasters
and considers social aspects in general. Further dissemination and communication of knowledge to the
community are carried out by the authority at local and national levels.
By referring to the four key elements of a community-based EWS, this document promotes uniformity
in the development and implementation of an EWS. It will improve the preparedness of the communities
and interested parties vulnerable to disasters.
The community-based disaster EWS considers the different communication channels, legal aspects and
responsibility allocation as well as final decision-making and its communication.
This document recognizes population behaviour response planning as a key part of the preparedness.
[3] [4]
It takes into account the approach of ISO 22315:2014 and ISO 22322:2015 and provides additional
specifications for a disaster EWS.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22328-1:2020(E)
Security and resilience — Emergency management —
Part 1:
General guidelines for the implementation of a
community-based disaster early warning system
1 Scope
This document gives guidelines for the implementation of a community-based disaster early warning
system (EWS). It describes the methods and procedures to be implemented and provides examples.
This document is applicable to communities vulnerable to disasters, without taking secondary/indirect
effects into consideration.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 22300, Security and resilience — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 22300 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
community vulnerability
characteristics and conditions of different exposed elements at risk, such as individuals, groups or
infrastructures, that put them at risk for the destructive effects of a hazard
3.2
early warning
provision of information through local networks, allowing affected individuals to take action to avoid
or reduce risks and to prepare responses
3.3
community-based early warning system
community-based EWS
method to communicate information to the public through established networks within institutional,
political, legal and social contexts
Note 1 to entry: The warning system can consist of risk knowledge, monitoring and warning service,
dissemination and communication, and response capability to avoid, reduce risks and prepare responses against
disaster.
1)
[SOURCE: ISO 22300:—, 3.27, modified — “early” has been added to the term and “within institutional,
political, legal and social contexts” has been added to the definition.]
3.4
evacuation command
series of orders to evacuate people
3.5
evacuation drill
activity that practises a particular skill related to evacuation and often involves repeating the same
thing several times
EXAMPLE A drill to practise safely evacuating a neighbourhood or village from a disaster.
[SOURCE: ISO 22300:—, 3.69, modified — “disaster” has replaced “landslide” in the example.]
4 Community-based disaster early warning system
4.1 General
The community-based disaster EWS should comprise five main sub-systems:
a) risk assessment, see 4.2;
b) dissemination and communication of knowledge, see 4.3;
c) monitoring and warning service, see 4.4;
d) response capability, see 4.5;
e) commitment of the authority and community on the sustainability of the EWS, see 4.6.
4.2 Risk assessment
The disaster preparedness team should conduct a risk assessment in accordance with ISO 31000:2018,
[5]
Clause 6 , and identify vulnerabilities.
The disaster preparedness team should co
...