ETSI EN 304 624 V1.0.0 (2026-08)

Draft ETSI EN 304 624 V1.0.0 (2026-08)
HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
Cyber security (CYBER);
CRA;
Cybersecurity requirements for public key infrastructure and
digital certificate issuance software

2 Draft ETSI EN 304 624 V1.0.0 (2026-08)

Reference
DEN/CYBER-EUS-0015
Keywords
certificate, CRA, cybersecurity, public key
infrastructure
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All rights reserved.
ETSI
3 Draft ETSI EN 304 624 V1.0.0 (2026-08)
Contents
Introduction . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 References . 9
2.1 Normative references . 9
2.2 Informative references . 9
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 11
3.1 Terms . 11
3.2 Symbols . 12
3.3 Abbreviations . 12
4 Product context . 13
4.0 Introduction . 13
4.1 Product Functions . 14
4.2 Product Architecture. 15
4.3 Operational Environment . 17
4.3.1 General description . 17
4.3.2 Physical/Hardware environment . 17
4.3.3 Logical/Software environment. 17
4.3.4 Connectivity aspects . 17
4.4 Distribution of Security Functions . 18
4.5 Users . 18
4.6 Use cases . 18
4.6.1 Private PKI for non critical sectors (UC1) . 19
4.6.2 Private PKI for critical entities (UC2) . 19
4.6.3 Public PKI for critical entities (UC3) . 19
4.6.4 Public basic PKI for critical entities (UC4) . 20
4.6.5 Multi-authority PKI for critical entities (UC5) . 20
5 Technical requirements for the products . 20
5.1 Introduction - Applicability of the requirements . 20
5.2 No known exploitable vulnerabilities . 21
5.3 Secure by default configuration . 21
5.3.1 SDBC- Access control . 21
5.3.2 SBDC- Monitoring . 21
5.3.3 SBDC- Cryptography . 21
5.3.4 SBDC- Certificates . 22
5.4 Secure updates . 22
5.5 Authentication and access control . 22
5.6 Confidentiality . 23
5.6.1 CON - General . 23
5.6.2 CON - Secure storage and communications . 25
5.6.3 CON - Key management . 25
5.7 Integrity . 25
5.7.1 INT - Monitoring . 25
5.7.2 INT - Certificate signing . 27
5.7.3 INT- CRL signing . 27
5.8 Data minimisation . 27
5.8.1 DM - General . 28
5.8.2 DM - Secret management . 28
5.9 Availability protection . 28
5.9.1 AP - Certificate suspension and revocation . 28
5.9.2 AP - Certificate status services . 29
5.9.3 AP - Key management . 30
5.10 Impact minimisation . 30
5.11 Minimisation of attack surfaces . 30
5.12 Exploitation mitigation mechanisms . 31
5.12.1 EMM - Certificate issuance . 31
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4 Draft ETSI EN 304 624 V1.0.0 (2026-08)
5.12.2 EMM - Certificate status . 33
5.12.3 EMM - Certificate re-key . 34
5.12.4 EMM - Certificate modification . 34
5.13 Logging and monitoring . 34
5.14 Data removal and transparency . 35
5.14.1 DRT - Secret management . 36
6 Assessment criteria for compliance with technical requirements . 36
6.1 Introduction to the assessment and compliance criteria . 36
6.2 No known exploitable vulnerabilities . 38
6.3 Secure by default configuration . 39
6.3.1 SBDC - Access control . 39
6.3.2 SBDC - Monitoring . 40
6.3.3 SBDC - Cryptography . 41
6.3.4 SBDC - Certificates . 42
6.4 Secure updates . 43
6.5 Authentication and access control . 45
6.5.1 AC - General . 45
6.6 Confidentiality . 46
6.6.1 CON - General . 47
6.6.2 CON - Secure storage and communications . 50
6.6.3 CON - Key management . 51
6.7 Integrity . 53
6.7.1 INT - Monitoring . 53
6.7.2 INT - Certificate signing . 56
6.7.3 INT- CRL signing . 57
6.8 Data minimisation . 58
6.8.1 General . 58
6.8.2 DM - Secret management . 61
6.9 Availability protection . 62
6.9.1 AP - Certificate suspension and revocation . 62
6.9.2 AP - Certificate status services . 65
6.9.3 AP - Key management . 67
6.10 Impact minimisation . 68
6.11 Minimisation of attack surfaces . 69
6.12 Exploitation mitigation mechanisms . 70
6.12.1 EMM - Certificate issuance . 70
6.12.2 EMM - Certificate status . 75
6.12.3 EMM - Certificate re-key . 78
6.12.4 EMM - Certificate modification . 78
6.13 Logging and monitoring . 79
6.14 Data removal and transparency . 83
Annex A (informative): Relationship between the present document and the requirements of
EU Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 – the Cyber Resilience Act . 86
Annex B (informative): Security analysis . 89
B.1 Risk calculation . 89
B.2 Risk Assessment . 90
B.2.1 Likelihood risk factors . 90
B.2.1.1 Deployment . 90
B.2.1.2 Network and Physical security . 91
B.2.1.3 User expertise . 91
B.2.1.4 Interface exposure . 91
B.2.2 Impact risk factors . 91
B.3 Evaluate Risks . 91
B.4 Requirements applicability - threats mapping rational . 100
Annexes C to J: Void . 110
Annex K (normative): Generic cryptographic requirements and assessment . 111
K.1 Cryptography . 111
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5 Draft ETSI EN 304 624 V1.0.0 (2026-08)
K.1.1 Requirement . 111
K.1.2 Assessment of product cryptographic configuration . 112
K.1.2.0 General . 112
K.1.2.1 Assessment of ACM-listed cryptographic mechanisms. 112
K.1.2.1.1 Assessment objective . 112
K.1.2.1.2 Assessment preparation . 112
K.1.2.1.3 Assessment activities . 112
K.1.2.1.4 Assessment evidence . 112
K.1.2.1.5 Assessment verdict . 113
K.1.2.2 Assessment of ACM-extended cryptographic mechanisms . 113
K.1.2.2.1 Assessment objective . 113
K.1.2.2.2 Assessment preparation . 113
K.1.2.2.3 Assessment activities . 113
K.1.2.2.4 Assessment evidence . 114
K.1.2.2.5 Assessment verdict . 114
K.1.2.3 Assessment of interoperability-based cryptographic mechanisms . 114
K.1.2.3.1 Assessment objective . 114
K.1.2.3.2 Assessment preparation . 114
K.1.2.3.3 Assessment activities . 114
K.1.2.3.4 Assessment evidence . 115
K.1.2.3.5 Assessment verdict . 115
K.2 Crypto agility . 115
K.2.1 Requirement . 115
K.2.2 Assessment of crypto-agility . 116
K.2.2.1 Assessment objective . 116
K.2.2.2 Assessment preparation . 116
K.2.2.3 Assessment activities . 117
K.2.2.4 Assessment evidence . 117
K.2.2.5 Assessment verdict . 117
K.3 ACM-extended cryptographic mechanisms . 117
K.3.1 Requirement . 117
K.3.2 List of ACM-extended cryptographic mechanisms . 118
K.3.3 Assessment . 118
K.4 Interoperability-based cryptographic mechanisms . 118
K.4.1 Requirement . 118
K.4.2 List of interoperability-based cryptographic mechanisms . 118
K.4.3 Assessment . 118
Annexes I to T: Void . 119
Annex U (informative): Use case description . 120
U.1 UC1 - Product for use in Private PKI for non critical sectors . 120
U.1.1 UC1 - General description . 120
U.1.2 UC1 - Product Functions and assets . 122
U.1.2.1 UC1 - List of functions . 122
U.1.2.2 UC1 - Assets . 123
U.1.3 UC1 - Operational Environment . 123
U.1.4 UC1 - Distribution of Security Functions. 123
U.1.5 UC1 - Users . 124
U.2 UC2 - Product for use in Private PKI for critical entities . 124
U.2.1 UC2 - General description . 124
U.2.2 UC2 - List of functions . 126
U.2.2.1 UC2 - Assets . 127
U.2.3 UC2 - Operational Environment . 127
U.2.4 UC2 - Distribution of Security Functions. 128
U.2.5 UC2 - Users . 128
U.3 UC3 - Public PKI for critical entities . 128
U.3.1 General description. 128
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6 Draft ETSI EN 304 624 V1.0.0 (2026-08)
U.3.2 UC3 - List of functions . 129
U.3.2.1 UC3 - Assets . 130
U.3.3 UC3 - Operational Environment . 130
U.3.4 UC3 - Distribution of Security Functions. 131
U.3.5 UC3 - Users . 131
U.4 UC4 - Product for use in Critical Public basic PKI . 131
U.4.1 UC4 - General description . 131
U.4.2 UC4 - List of functions . 133
U.4.2.1 UC4 - Assets . 133
U.4.3 UC4 - Operational Environment . 134
U.4.4 UC4 - Distribution of Security Functions. 134
U.4.5 UC4 - Users . 134
U.5 UC5 - Product for use in Critical Multi-Authority PKI . 134
U.5.1 General description. 134
U.5.2 UC5 - List of functions . 136
U.5.2.1 UC5 - Assets . 137
U.5.3 UC5 - Operational Environment . 138
U.5.4 UC5 - Distribution of Security Functions. 138
U.5.5 UC5 - Users . 138
Annex V (informative): Change history . 139
History . 141

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7 Draft ETSI EN 304 624 V1.0.0 (2026-08)
Intellectual Property Rights
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Foreword
This draft Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Cyber Security
(CYBER), and is now submitted for the combined Public Enquiry and Vote phase of the ETSI Standardisation Request
deliverable Approval Procedure (SRdAP).
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's Standardisation request M/606 - C(2025)618 [i.3] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the requirements of EU Regulation No 2024/2847 of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2024 on horizontal cybersecurity requirements for products with digital
elements and amending Regulations (EU) No 168/2013 and (EU) No 2019/1020 and Directive (EU) 2020/1828 (Cyber
Resilience Act) (CRA) [i.1].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Regulation, compliance
with the normative clauses of the present document given in Table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the
present document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding requirements of that Regulation and associated
EFTA regulations.
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 18 months after doa

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8 Draft ETSI EN 304 624 V1.0.0 (2026-08)
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
The present document provides the technical cybersecurity requirements for the products in scope, following a risk-
based approach in support of the Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) [i.1]. The technical cybersecurity requirements are
thereby proportionate to the intended purpose, reasonably foreseeable use, deployment context, and threat exposure of
the products.
Clause 4 does not contain technical requirements; it describes the product context that is considered for the application
of the present document.
Clause 4 also defines Use Cases (UCs) that represent the main deployment scenarios reflecting the intended purpose
and reasonably foreseeable use of the product, which serve as the basis for identifying relevant cybersecurity risks.
Clause 5 specifies technical cybersecurity requirements for the product to mitigate the identified risks, including their
applicability conditions.
Clause 6 specifies the assessment criteria and compliance verification procedures with the requirements of Clause 5.
Annex A maps the technical requirements of the present document with the essential requirements of the CRA [i.1]
regulation.
Annex B informs about the methodology used to assess the security risks of the products in their context.
Annex K supports the definition of the cryptographic requirements and assessment criteria used by the present
document.
Annex U defines in more details the use cases contexts and parameters.

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9 Draft ETSI EN 304 624 V1.0.0 (2026-08)
1 Scope
The present document specifies technical requirements and corresponding assessment criteria for public key
infrastructure and digital certificate issuance software related to cybersecurity. The products with digital elements in
scope, thereafter "the Products":
• are specified within the "technical description" of the "category of product" number "9" by the Commission
Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2392 [i.2] as:
"Products with digital elements used as part of a public key infrastructure (PKI) that manage the validation,
creation, issuance, distribution, status publication, renewal or revocation of digital certificates, or the
generation, storage, escrow, exchange, destruction or rotation of cryptographic keys associated with such
digital certificates. This category includes but is not limited to key management systems, digital certificate
management systems, online certificate status protocol responders and all-in-one PKI solutions".
• are only covered within the product context described in clause 4.
The present document covers those Products to demonstrate compliance with essential cybersecurity requirements in
the Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 [i.1] Annex I Part I under the conditions identified in annex A.
Different use cases representing different product architecture are presented in clause 4.6. Requirements applicability in
clause 5 then defines which requirements apply to which use case to ensure compliance with the CRA's essential
cybersecurity requirements.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found in the
ETSI docbox.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long-term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ENISA Report 1747792503: "European Cybersecurity Certification Group Sub-group on
Cryptography Agreed Cryptographic Mechanisms - version 2" – April 2025.
[2] Recommendation ITU-T X.509 (10/2019): "Information technology - Open Systems
Interconnection - The Directory: Public-key and attribute certificate frameworks".
NOTE: Identical text in the defining of public-key and attribute certificates is also available in ISO/IEC 9594‑8
(paywall).
[3] IEEE Std 1609.2™-2025" "(2025): "Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments -
Security Services for Applications and Management Messages".
[4] IETF RFC 6960 (June 2013): "X.509 Internet Public Key Infrastructure Online Certificate Status
Protocol - OCSP".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
nonspecific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ETSI
10 Draft ETSI EN 304 624 V1.0.0 (2026-08)
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents may be useful in implementing an ETSI deliverable or add to the reader's
understanding but are not required for conformance to the present document.
[i.1] Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2024 on
horizontal cybersecurity requirements for products with digital elements and amending
Regulations (EU) No 168/2013 and (EU) 2019/1020 and Directive (EU) 2020/1828 (Cyber
Resilience Act).
[i.2] Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2392 of 28 November 2025 on the technical
description of the categories of important and critical products with digital elements pursuant to
Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 of the European Parliament and of the Council.
[i.3] Standardisation request M/606 - C(2025)618: "Commission Implementing decision of 3.2.2025 on
a standardisation request to the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN), the European
Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation (Cenelec) and the European Telecommunications
Standards Institute (ETSI) as regards products with digital elements in support of Regulation (EU)
2024/2847 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2024 on horizontal
cybersecurity requirements for products with digital elements and amending Regulations (EU) No
168/2013 and (EU) 2019/1020and Directive (EU) 2020/1828 (Cyber Resilience Act)".
[i.4] prEN 40000-1-1: "Cybersecurity requirements for products with digital elements - Vocabulary",
produced by CEN CENELEC.
NOTE: Version and date to be added upon its publication by CEN CENELEC.
[i.5] IETF RFC 4120: "The Kerberos Network Authentication Service (V5) - July 2005".
[i.6] ETSI GS NFV 003 (V1.4.1) (2018-08): "Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV); Terminology
for Main Concepts in NFV".
[i.7] ETSI TS 102 941 (V2.2.1) (11-2022): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Security; Trust and
Privacy Management; Re
...