EN ISO 20685-2:2017

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2017
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Ergonomics - 3-D scanning methodologies for internationally compatible anthropometric
databases - Part 2: Evaluation protocol of surface shape and repeatability of relative
landmark positions (ISO 20685-2:2015)
Ergonomie - Scanverfahren für international kompatible anthropometrische Datenbanken
- Teil 2: Prüfprotokoll für Körperoberflächen und Wiederholbarkeit relativer
Messpunktpositionen (ISO 20685-2:2015)
Ergonomie - Méthodologies d'exploration tridimensionnelles pour les bases de données
anthropométriques compatibles au plan international - Partie 2: Protocole d'évaluation de
la forme extérieure et de la répétabilité des positions relatives de repères (ISO 20685-
2:2015)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 20685-2:2017
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 20685-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
March 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.180
English Version
Ergonomics - 3-D scanning methodologies for
internationally compatible anthropometric databases -
Part 2: Evaluation protocol of surface shape and
repeatability of relative landmark positions (ISO 20685-
2:2015)
Ergonomie - Méthodologies d'exploration Ergonomie - Scanverfahren für international
tridimensionnelles pour les bases de données kompatible anthropometrische Datenbanken - Teil 2:
anthropométriques compatibles au plan international - Prüfprotokoll für Körperoberflächen und
Partie 2: Protocole d'évaluation de la forme extérieure Wiederholbarkeit relativer Messpunktpositionen (ISO
et de la répétabilité des positions relatives de repères 20685-2:2015)
(ISO 20685-2:2015)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 February 2017.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 20685-2:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
The text of ISO 20685-2:2015 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics” of
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN
ISO 20685-2:2017 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of which is held
by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2017, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 20685-2:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 20685-2:2017 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20685-2
First edition
2015-08-01
Ergonomics — 3-D scanning
methodologies for internationally
compatible anthropometric
databases —
Part 2:
Evaluation protocol of surface
shape and repeatability of relative
landmark positions
Ergonomie — Méthodologies d’exploration tridimensionnelles
pour les bases de données anthropométriques compatibles au plan
international —
Partie 2: Protocole d’évaluation de la forme extérieure et de la
répétabilité des positions relatives de repères
Reference number
ISO 20685-2:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
ISO 20685-2:2015(E)
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
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ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 20685-2:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test protocol for evaluating surface shape measurement . 3
4.1 General aspects . 3
4.2 Test sphere . 3
4.3 Procedure . 3
4.3.1 Measurement of test sphere . 3
4.3.2 Calculation of quality parameters . 4
4.3.3 Report . 4
5 Test protocol for evaluating repeatability of landmark positions . 5
5.1 General aspects . 5
5.2 Test object . 5
5.3 Landmarks . 5
5.4 Procedure . 6
5.4.1 Measurement . 6
5.4.2 Calculation of quality parameter . 7
5.4.3 Report . 7
6 Evaluation of hidden area . 7
6.1 General aspect . 7
6.2 Recruitment of subjects. 7
6.3 Posture control and measurement . 7
6.4 Procedure to evaluate the hidden area . 8
6.5 Report . 8
Annex A (informative) Sample of test object . 9
Annex B (informative) Example of test and report .11
Annex C (informative) Example of report of evaluation of hidden area .17
Annex D (informative) Simultaneous superimposition of landmark coordinate data from
10 scans .19
Bibliography .20
ISO 20685-2:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 3,
Anthropometry and biomechanics.
ISO 20685 consists of the following parts, under the general title 3-D scanning methodologies for
internationally compatible anthropometric databases:
— Part 2: Evaluation protocol of surface shape and repeatability of relative landmark positions
A revision of ISO 20685:2010 is under preparation; when revised, it will become
— Part 1: Evaluation protocol for body dimensions extracted from 3-D body scans
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 20685-2:2015(E)
Introduction
Anthropometric measures are key to many International Standards. These measures can be gathered
using a variety of instruments. An instrument with relatively new application to anthropometry is a
three-dimensional (3-D) scanner. 3-D scanners generate a 3-D point cloud of the outside of the human
body that can be used in a number of situations including clothing and automotive design, engineering
and medical applications. Recently, digital human models are created from a 3-D point cloud, and used
for various applications related to technological design process. Quality control of scan-extracted
anthropometric data is important since required quality can differ according to applications.
There are a number of different fundamental technologies that underlie commercially available
systems. These include stereophotogrammetry, ultrasound and light (laser light, white light and
infrared), among others. Further, the software that is available to process data from the scan varies in
its methods. Additionally, methods to extract landmark positions are different between commercially
available systems. In some systems, anthropometrists decide landmark locations and paste marker
stickers, and scanner system calculate locations of marker stickers and identify their names, while in
other systems, landmark positions are automatically calculated from the surface shape data. Quality of
landmark locations have significant effects on the quality of scan-extracted 1-D measurements as well
as digital human models created based on these landmarks.
As a result of differences in fundamental technology, hardware and software, the quality of body surface
shape and landmark locations from several different systems can be different for the same individual.
Since 3-D scanning can be used to gather these data, it was important to develop an International
Standard that allows users of such systems as well as users of scan-extracted measurements to judge
whether the 3-D system is adequate for these needs.
The intent of this part of ISO 20685 is to ensure the quality control process of body scanners, especially
that of surface shape and locations of landmarks as specified by ISO 7250-1.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20685-2:2015(E)
Ergonomics — 3-D scanning methodologies for
internationally compatible anthropometric databases —
Part 2:
Evaluation protocol of surface shape and repeatability of
relative landmark positions
1 Scope
This part of ISO 20685 addresses protocols for testing of 3-D surface-scanning systems in the acquisition
of human body shape data and measurements. It does not apply to instruments that measure the motion
of individual landmarks.
While mainly concerned with whole-body scanners, it is also applicable to body-segment scanners
(head scanners, hand scanners, foot scanners). This International Standard applies to body scanners
that measure the human body in a single view. When a hand-held scanner is evaluated, it has to be noted
that the human operator can contribute to the overall error. When systems are evaluated in which the
subject is rotated, movement artefacts can be introduced; these can also contribute to the overall error.
This part of ISO 20685 applies to the landmark positions determined by an anthropometrist. It does not
apply to landmark positions automatically calculated by software from the point cloud.
The quality of surface shape of the human body and landmark positions is influenced by performance
of scanner systems and humans including measurers and subjects. This part of ISO 20685 addresses
the performance of scanner systems by using artefacts rather than human subjects as test objects.
Traditional instruments are required to be accurate to millimetre. Their accuracy can be verified by
comparing the instrument with a scale calibrated according to an international standard of length. To
verify or specify the accuracy of body scanners, a calibrated test object with known form and size is used.
The intended audience is those who use 3-D body scanners to create 3-D anthropometric databases
including 3-D landmark locations, the users of these data, and scanner designers and manufacturers.
This part of ISO 20685 intends to provide the basis for the agreement on the performance of body
scanners between scanner users and scanner providers as well as between 3-D anthropometric
database providers and data users.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7250-1, Basic human body measurements for technological design — Part 1: Body measurement
definitions and landmarks
ISO 10360-8, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Acceptance and reverification tests for coordinate
measuring systems (CMS) — Part 8: CMMs with optical distance sensors
ISO 20685, 3-D scanning methodologies for internationally compatible anthropometric databases
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO 20685-2:2015(E)
3.1
error of spherical form measurement
error within the range of the Gaussian radial distance, determined by a least-squares fit of measured
data points on a test sphere
Note 1 to entry: Error of spherical form measurement is associated with the performance of the body scanner
and the sphericity of the test sphere.
3.2
spherical form dispersion value
smallest width of a spherical shell that includes n % of all the measured data points
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1, right.
Note 2 to entry: n should be 90 %.
3.3
standard deviation of radial distances
standard deviation of radial distances from measured data points and best-fit sphere
Note 1 to entry: Standard deviation of radial distances is an indicator of error of spherical form
measurement and is highly correlated with error of spherical form measurement (90 %).
3.4
error of diameter measurement
error of the diameter of a least-squares fit of measured data points on a test sphere
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1, left.
Note 2 to entry: It is calculated as the measured diameter minus the calibrated diameter.
r
d
1 3
Key
1 best-fit sphere
2 spherical from dispersion value (n)
3 centre of the best-fit sphere
d diameter of the best-fit sphere
r radial distance of a measured data point from the centre of the best-fit sphere
NOTE Spherical form dispersion value (n), in which n % of the measured data points are located, is shown as
the radial thickness of the shaded area of the right figure. Spherical form dispersion value (n) is calculated as the
100 – n/2 percentile value minus n/2 percentile value of the radial distances of the measured data points from
the centre of the best-fit sphere.
Figure 1 — Error of diameter measurement and spherical form dispersion value
2 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 20685-2:2015(E)
4 Test protocol for evaluating surface shape measurement
4.1 General aspects
The environmental conditions shall correspond to the operating conditions of the 3-D body scanner.
When operation mode needs to be modified to measure the test object, it shall be specified in the report.
4.2 Test sphere
Sphere made of steel, ceramic, or other suitable materials with diffusely reflecting surface are used to
determine the quality parameter spherical form dispersion value and error of diameter measurement.
It is desirable that the diameter of the sphere should be larger than 10 % of the largest dimension of a
rectangular parallelepiped scanning volume.
The diameter and form of the test sphere shall be calibrated, and a calibration certificate shall be
available. Since the form deviation and the roughness of the test sphere influence the test results,
error of spherical form measurement in the certificate shall be smaller than one fifth of the maximum
permissible error determined by the body scanner manufacturer.
The surface properties of the test sphere may significantly affect the test results. The material of test
sphere shall be reported.
The reference sphere supplied with the body scanner for the calibration purposes shall not be used
for this test.
...