FprEN 14238

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2024
Dvigala - Ročno upravljane naprave za ravnanje s tovorom
Cranes - Manually controlled load manipulators
Krane - Handgeführte Manipulatoren
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Manipulateurs de charge à contrôle manuel
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 14238
ICS:
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 14238
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2024
ICS 53.020.20 Will supersede EN 14238:2004+A1:2009
English Version
Cranes - Manually controlled load manipulators
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Krane - Handgeführte Manipulatoren
Manipulateurs de charge à contrôle manuel
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 147.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 14238:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

prEN 14238:2024 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures . 11
4.1 General. 11
4.2 Supporting structure of the manipulator . 11
4.2.1 Mechanical strength . 11
4.2.2 Shape of components . 11
4.2.3 Stability of manipulators mounted on a self-stable base . 11
4.2.4 Drift . 12
4.2.5 Hydraulic systems and components . 12
4.2.6 Pneumatic systems and components . 12
4.2.7 Electrical systems and components . 12
4.2.8 Gearbox . 12
4.2.9 Rope drives . 12
4.2.10 Chain drives . 13
4.2.11 Belt drives . 13
4.2.12 Trolleys . 13
4.2.13 Load suspension elements . 13
4.3 Vacuum lifting tubes . 13
4.4 Load lifting attachment . 13
4.4.1 General. 13
4.4.2 Vacuum load lifting attachments . 14
4.4.3 Lifting magnets . 15
4.4.4 Tongs, grabs, clamps and expanding mandrels . 15
4.5 Controls and safety functions . 15
4.5.1 Controls shall be in accordance with EN 13557:2003+A2:2008. 15
4.5.2 Manipulators shall be equipped with an emergency stop device acting on all power-driven
movements of the load with the following exceptions: . 15
4.5.3 Features shall be provided so that the suspended load cannot be released by unintentional
or accidental operation according to EN ISO 12100:2010, 3.28.1 and 3.28.4, e.g. dual, 2
hand or 2 mechanical controls. . 16
4.5.4 Features shall be provided when necessary, so that the risk for the operator due to
mechanical gripping of the load is prevented, e.g. 2 hand controls, or covers . 16
4.5.5 Safety functions . 16
4.6 Protection against risks and damage . 17
4.6.1 General. 17
4.6.2 Speed . 17
4.6.3 Failure of power supply . 17
4.6.4 Motion limiters . 17
4.6.5 Load limiters . 18
4.6.6 Noise emission reduction and determination . 18
prEN 14238:2024 (E)
5 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures . 19
5.1 General . 19
5.2 Modes of verification . 19
5.2.1 Type verification . 19
5.2.2 Individual verification . 19
5.3 Methods of verification . 19
5.3.1 Verification by calculation . 19
5.3.2 Verification by testing . 19
5.3.3 Verification by inspection . 20
6 Information for use . 21
6.1 General . 21
6.2 Instruction handbook . 21
6.2.1 General . 21
6.2.2 Guidance for maintenance . 22
6.2.3 Inspections and checks . 22
6.3 Marking, signs (pictograms), written warnings . 23
6.3.1 Minimum marking . 23
6.3.2 Additional marking . 23
6.4 Further information . 23
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards . 24
Annex B (normative) Noise test code . 28
B.1 Scope . 28
B.2 Description of machinery family . 28
B.3 Emission sound pressure level measurement . 28
B.3.1 General . 28
B.3.2 Measurement point . 28
B.4 Determination of the A-weighted sound power level. 28
B.5 Installation and mounting conditions . 29
B.6 Operating conditions . 29
B.7 Information to be recorded . 29
B.8 Information to be reported . 29
B.9 Declaration and verification of noise emission values . 29
Annex C (informative)  Selection of suitable set of crane standards for a given application . 31
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 33
Bibliography . 36

prEN 14238:2024 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 14238:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes —
Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 14238:2009.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the European
Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its
Member States. For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral
part of the document.
prEN 14238:2024 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to EN 14238:2009:
— integration and rules for application of EN 13001 series of standards;
— integration and rules for application of EN ISO 13849-1:2023;
— reference to EN 13155:2020 and to EN 16851:2017+A1:2020.
To select a suitable set of crane standards for a given application see Annex C.

prEN 14238:2024 (E)
Introduction
This document has been prepared to be a harmonized standard to provide one means for manually
controlled load manipulators to conform with the essential health and safety requirements of the
Machinery Directive, as mentioned in Annex ZA.
This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market
players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are
covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other
standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C
standard.
prEN 14238:2024 (E)
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements for manually controlled load manipulating cranes (herein referred
to as manipulators), powered by an energy other than human energy, to assist an operator in the handling
of loads.
This document does not cover:
— mechanically operated balancers that are based on springs, counterweights or automatons;
— manipulating robots;
— operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme environmental conditions such as: freezer applications,
high temperatures, corrosive environment, strong magnetic fields);
— operation subject to special rules;
— handling of loads the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metal,
acids/alkalies, radiating materials, specially brittle loads);
NOTE High risk applications are dealt by EN 13135:2018 and EN 13001-2:2021.
— hazards occurring during construction, transportation, decommissioning and disposal.
This document does not cover hazards related to the lifting of persons.
The significant hazards covered by this document are identified in Annex A. For hazards that are not
significant, EN ISO 12100:2010 applies.
This document is not applicable to manipulators manufactured before the date of its publication.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1999-1-1:2023, Eurocode 9 — Design of aluminum structures — Part 1-1: General structural rules
EN 1999-1-3:2023, Eurocode 9 — Design of aluminum structures — Part 1-3: Structures susceptible to
fatigue
EN 1999-1-5:2023, Eurocode 9 — Design of aluminum structures — Part 1-5: Shell structures
EN 12077-2:1998+A1:2008, Cranes safety — Requirements for health and safety — Part 2: Limiting and
indicating devices
EN 13001-1:2015, Cranes — General design — Part 1: General principles and requirements
EN 13001-2:2021, Cranes safety — General design — Part 2: Load actions
EN 13001-3-1:2012+A2:2018, Cranes — General design — Part 3-1: Limit states and proof of competence
of steel structure
EN 13001-3-2:2014, Cranes — General design — Part 3-2: Limit states and proof competence of wire ropes
in reeving systems
prEN 14238:2024 (E)
EN 13155:2020 , Cranes — Safety — Non-fixed load lifting attachments
EN 13557:2003+A2:2008, Cranes — Controls and control stations
EN 14492-2:2019, Cranes — Power driven winches and hoists — Part 2: Power driven hoists
EN 16851:2017+A1:2020, Cranes — Light crane systems
EN 60204-32:2008, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines (ISO 60204-32:1998)
EN ISO 3744:2010, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure
— Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO 3744:1994)
EN ISO 3746:2010, Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using
sound pressure — Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting plane (ISO
3746:2010)
EN ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4413:2010)
EN ISO 4414:2010, Pneumatic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4414:2010)
EN ISO 4871:2009, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and
equipment (ISO 4871:1996)
EN ISO 11201:2010, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a
reflecting plane with negligible environmental corrections (ISO 11201:2010)
EN ISO 11202:2010, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions applying approximate environmental
corrections (ISO 11202:2010)
EN ISO 11688-1:2009, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment — Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1995)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1:2023, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2023)
EN ISO 13854:2019, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
(ISO 13854:2017)
EN ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by
upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)
prEN 14238:2024 (E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010,
ISO 4306-1:2007and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
operator
person who uses (operates) the crane controls
[see SOURCE: ISO 4306-1:2007, definition 7.1]
3.2
load lifting attachment
device (hook, grab, electromagnet, fork, traverse, spreader or other) for grabbing, holding or handling
the load
Note 1 to entry: alternate term: load-handling device.
[see SOURCE: ISO 4306-1:2007, definition 4.28, modified]
3.3
balancing of a load
condition when a load is submitted to a vertical upward force equal to its weight and where additional
external force is required to change the position of the load
3.4
control
actuating device which forms an interface between the operator and the manipulator control system
3.5
drift
uncontrolled and unintended movement of the manipulator and / or load
3.6
manipulator
crane, where the operator has to be in contact with the load or load lifting attachment, in order to guide
and control the motion of the load to bring it to a position in space.
Manipulators include three basic functional elements:
— the load lifting attachment;
— devices to move and place the load in space;
— the supporting structure
Note 1 to entry: Examples of manipulator systems are shown in Figure 1.
prEN 14238:2024 (E)
3.7
supporting structure
all parts of the manipulator that are affected by the force of the suspended load
3.8
working load limit (WLL)
maximum load the manipulator is designed to lift under the conditions specified by the manufacturer
[SOURCE: ISO 17096:2015, 3.22, modified]

1. Overhead mounted system 2. Floor mounted system 3. Floor mounted system with
articulation
4. Vacuum lifting tube 5. Winch or hoist driven 6. Telescopic manipulator
manipulator manipulator
prEN 14238:2024 (E)
7. Stand alone manipulator 8. Stand alone manipulator 9. Stand alone manipulator
Permanently installed
Moveable Mobile
10. Wall mounted system
Key
manipulator
load
1 to 3, 10 examples of supporting systems for horizontal motion
1 to 6 examples of manipulators that can be suspended from supporting systems shown in 1 to 3
1 to 9 examples of stand-alone manipulators
Figure 1 — Examples of manipulators systems

prEN 14238:2024 (E)
4 Safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures
4.1 General
Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or risk reduction measures of this clause. For
significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt with in this document, see
Annex A. In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100:2010 for
hazards relevant but not significant which are not dealt with by this document.
4.2 Supporting structure of the manipulator
4.2.1 Mechanical strength
The classification of the manipulator structure shall be in accordance with the requirements of
EN 13001-1:2015 and EN 13001-3-1:2012+A2:2018.
The loads and their combination shall be in accordance with EN 13001-2:2021.
For steel structures, the proofs of static and fatigue strength of the structure shall be in accordance with
EN 13001-3-1:2012+A2:2018. For metallic materials other than steel, the limit states applicable to the
combination of material selection, manufacturing techniques and the specified service conditions shall
be stated in the proof of competence and shall conform to the principles of EN 13001 series of standards.
Structures made with aluminium shall conform either to EN 1999-1-1:2023, EN 1999-1-3:2023,
EN 1999-1-5:2023 or to EN 16851:2017+A1:2020.
When the intended cycle use is less than 16 000 cycles, the structure can be designed in such a way that:
— elastic condition: the mechanical load bearing parts shall be designed to withstand a static load of
two times the load they are required to sustain under the intended operating conditions without
permanent deformation;
— yielded condition: the mechanical load bearing parts shall be designed to withstand a static load of
three times the load they are required to sustain under the intended operating conditions without
releasing the load even if permanent deformation occurs.
4.2.2 Shape of components
Parts accessible by the operator shall not include any sharp edges or angles which can cause injuries.
Safety distances shall be met as specified in EN ISO 13857:2019 and EN ISO 13854:2019 if no other
means to prevent risks from danger zones is specified.
4.2.3 Stability of manipulators mounted on a self-stable base
Manipulators shall remain stable in all their configurations of use. It is considered to be stable when, due
to the specified loads and factors, the stabilizing moment is greater than the overturning moment about
any tipping line which is a line passing through two adjacent, effective support points of the load
manipulator (e.g. line L in Figure 2 below). The proof of load manipulator stability refers to the risk of
overturning and shall be proven by design calculations as specified in this document or by testing, where
testing method used shall be such that the result has at least the same safety level as the calculation
method specified herein.
In order to prevent the manipulator from overturning in case of overload, stability shall be calculated
applying the maximum lifting force of the vertical drive and with method given in EN 13001-2:2021, 4.3.8,
with the design load considered as:
— where WLL < 320 kg, WLL + 80 kg (representing the average weight of an operator) applies;
— where WLL ≥ 320 kg, 1,25 × WLL applies.
prEN 14238:2024 (E)
Key
L minimum tilting distance from column axis
D distance of the centre of gravity G to the column axis
G centre of gravity of the whole manipulator
Figure 2 — Stability
4.2.4 Drift
Manipulators shall support the load without drift.
4.2.5 Hydraulic systems and components
Hydraulic systems and components shall be in accordance with EN ISO 4413:2010.
4.2.6 Pneumatic systems and components
Pneumatic systems and components shall be in accordance with EN ISO 4414:2010.
4.2.7 Electrical systems and components
Electrical systems and components shall be in accordance with EN 60204-32:2008.
4.2.8 Gearbox
Gearboxes shall be in accordance with the safety requirements of EN 14492-2:2019, 5.5.
4.2.9 Rope drives
Rope drives shall be in accordance with the safety requirements of EN 14492-2:2019, 5.7 and wire ropes
shall be in accordance with EN 13001-3-2:2014.
NOTE ISO 16625:2013 can be used on trial.
prEN 14238:2024 (E)
4.2.10 Chain drives
Chain drives shall be in accordance with the safety requirements of EN 14492-2:2019, 5.8.
4.2.11 Belt drives
Belt drives shall be in accordance with the safety requirements of EN 14492-2:2019, 5.9.
4.2.12 Trolleys
Trolleys shall be in accordance with the safety requirements of EN 14492-2:2019, 5.12.
4.2.13 Load suspension elements
The minimum working coefficients of the suspension elements and their load-bearing end parts shall be
as follows:
a) chain: 4 times the working load limit;
b) wire rope: 5 times the working load limit;
c) accessories (hooks, shackles, etc.): 4 times the working load limit;
d) textile rope and webbing: 7 times the working load limit.
These coefficients may be increased depending on the conditions of use declared in the information for
use.
4.3 Vacuum lifting tubes
The vacuum lifting tube manipulators shall be designed to avoid any crushing, shearing, puncture,
implosion and leakage of vacuum hoses under the conditions of use specified by design.
Means shall be provided at the vacuum lifting tube upper end to prevent any risk of uncoupling (e.g. hook
with safety catch, hose clamps with defined and regularly controlled tightening torque). The hose shall
be attached in such a way that it cannot slip on the connection.
The fully extended vacuum lifting tube shall not lose its cylindrical shape under the following conditions:
— if the minimum working pressure is equal to, or over 0,4 absolute bar, the vacuum lifting tube shall
withstand a pressure of 0,75 times the minimum working pressure;
— if the minimum working pressure is below 0,4 absolute bar, the vacuum lifting tube shall withstand
a pressure of 0,6 times the minimum working pressure.
The connection between the hose and the non-contractable parts shall be such that the hose cannot be
damaged.
Supporting structures including a lifting tube will comply with 4.2, except the vacuum hose itself that will
not have to comply with 4.2.1.
4.4 Load lifting attachment
4.4.1 General
Unless otherwise specified below, the design of any load lifting attachment shall be in accordance with
EN 13155:2020, 5.1.
NOTE A revision of this standard is under preparation.
prEN 14238:2024 (E)
4.4.1.1 Securing the load
Load lifting attachment shall be such that the load can be safely transferred.
The transmission of the necessary holding forces between the load and load lifting attachment shall be
safeguarded during the whole manipulating process, taking into account the configuration and the
rigidity of the specified loads. The forces occurring due to acceleration shall be taken into account. For
vacuum lifters, lifting magnets, tongs, grabs, clamps and expanding mandrels this requirement is met if
the requirements of 4.4.2, 4.4.3 and 4.4.4 are fulfilled.
4.4.1.2 Load lifting attachments
Load lifting attachments shall be compatible with the rest of the manipulator. The connection between
an exchangeable load lifting attachment and the manipulation machine shall be such that the correct
connection can be clearly identified. The connection shall be made in such a way that prevents
unintended disconnection.
4.4.1.3 Load lifting attachments composed of adjustable components
If the load lifting attachment is equipped with one or more adjustable components (e.g. lifting beams with
several load hooks), it shall be equipped with end stops to prevent unintended dropping of the
components. The adjustable components shall incorporate features that prevent unintended detachment.
4.4.2 Vacuum load lifting attachments
4.4.2.1 General
Unless otherwise specified below, the vacuum load lifting attachments shall be in accordance with
EN 13155:2020, 5.2.2.
For tube lifters without separate vacuum generation at the gripping device, warning or vacuum
measuring device is not necessary.
All compatible loads respecting the minimum coefficient of friction retained for the dimensioning in the
instructions for use shall be indicated, if handling with the suction pad(s) in inclined or vertical position
is foreseen.
4.4.2.2 Holding force
The holding force of the vacuum load lifting attachment shall be at least 2 times the lifting force for the
WLL for tube lifters without separate vacuum generation at the gripping device for all handling positions
of the load and foreseeable accelerations, for any application under consideration.
The load lifting attachment shall be designed according to EN 13155:2020. For tube lifters without
separate vacuum generation at the gripping device, the vacuum load handling attachment shall be
designed in such a way that lifting is only possible when the required vacuum is reached.
4.4.2.3 Pressure failure on the gripping device
If the tube lifter supplies vacuum to the gripping device, 4.4.2.1 applies, whereby the load remains on the
manipulator at all times.
In the case of a separate vacuum supply to the gripping means, carry out the gripping means completely
in accordance with EN 13155:2020.
4.4.2.4 Power failure
In case of power failure, the manipulator shall be able to hold the load for at least 2 min or offer the
possibility to lower it before it releases at least at 200 mm from the ground.
prEN 14238:2024 (E)
In the case of vacuum load handling attachments with separate vacuum generation on the load handling
attachment, the load shall be lowered after the warning device is activated (see also 6.1).
4.4.3 Lifting magnets
Unless otherwise specified below, the lifting magnets shall be in accordance with EN 13155:2020, 5.2.3.
4.4.3.1 Holding force
The minimum friction factor shall be provided in the instructions for use, if handling with magnets in
inclined or vertical position is foreseen.
4.4.4 Tongs, grabs, clamps and expanding mandrels
Unless otherwise specified below, the plate clamps, clamps (tongs) shall be in accordance with
EN 13155:2020, 5.2.1 and 5.2.7.
4.4.4.1 Holding force
The holding force of friction-type locking clamps and expanding mandrels shall be at least 2 times the
force necessary to lift the WLL.
4.4.4.2 Hydraulically or pneumatically operated tongs, grabs, clamps and expanding mandrels
Tongs, grabs, clamps and expanding mandrels, where the holding force depends on hydraulic or
pneumatic pressure, shall be such that the lifting operation can only start when the necessary gripping
pressure is reached and maintained.
4.4.4.3 Power failure for hydraulically or pneumatically operated tongs, grabs, clamps and expanding
mandrels
In the case of power failure whilst holding the load, the holding force shall be maintained for at least
2 min, or the load shall be capable of being lowered safely before it is released.
Such manipulators shall be equipped with acoustic or visual devices to warn the operator in the case of
power failure.
4.5 Controls and safety functions
4.5.1 Controls shall be in accordance with EN 13557:2003+A2:2008.
Controls with non-hold-to-run operation are allowed for lifting and lowering of vacuum lifting tubes, if:
— the lifting height is less than 3m;
— the lifting load is less than 300 kg.
4.5.2 Manipulators shall be equipped with an emergency stop device acting on all power-driven
movements of the load with the following exceptions:
— pneumatic, hydraulically or vacuum driven movements for hoisting, travelling, swivelling and tilting;
— manipulators where the force resulting from unintended movement will not cause injury.
NOTE E.g. EN ISO 13850:2015 does not apply to hand-operated machines or machines where an emergency
stop would not reduce the risk.
prEN 14238:2024 (E)
4.5.3 Features shall be provided so that the suspended load cannot be released by unintentional or
accidental operation according to EN ISO 12100:2010, 3.28.1 and 3.28.4, e.g. dual, 2 hand or 2
mechanical controls.
4.5.4 Features shall be provided when necessary, so that the risk for the operator due to
mechanical gripping of the load is prevented, e.g. 2 hand controls, or covers
4.5.5 Safety functions
If there is some movement of the manipulator, carried out by electric (or hydraulic, pneumatic) axes apart
from the lifting of the load, and under the direct control of an operator, which may cause damage to the
safety or the health, certain safety functions shall be put in place.
The minimum safety functions are given in Table 1. All safety functions shall achieve at least the therein
given Performance Level according to EN ISO 13849-1:2023.
Table1 — Manipulator safety functions
Clause Safety Possible Intended result
Minimum
where function triggering unless “or” is stated within a given row,
PL
r
referenced name event all are required
Safety
PL = c
4.4 drop of the  to avoid involuntary release of the load
r
load
to isolate vacuum room from the load to the
Safety
top of the tube, to keep vacuum inside and
PL = c
4.4 vacuum
r
accompany the load down the floor before
valve
release
Cease all manipulator’s movement
Emergency
PL = c
4.5.2
r
stop
Protective stop (2.1). A reset is required if the
PL = c
Exceed the limit protective stop is a stop category 2 according
r
to EN 60204-32:2008.
Electro-
Reach the point
4.5.5.1 mechanical
where a stop is
limiting
initiated so that PLr=c Protective stop (2.1)
the limit will
not be exceeded
Hand-
The following safety function is activated
guided Activate HGC
PL = c
4.5.5.2
r
controls control
Hold-to-run (2.6)
(HGC)
4.5.5.1 Electro-mechanical limiting
Where electro-mechanical means of limiting are provided.
4.5.5.2 Hand-guided control (HGC)
Manipulator with hand-guided control shall have the following safety function: hold-to-run (2.6 b).
prEN 14238:2024 (E)
When provided, the hold-to-run controls shall be in accordance with EN 60204-32:2008, where:
— activating (ON position) the hold-to-run control device shall enable motion;
— deactivating (OFF position) the hold-to-run control device shall cause a protective stop.
4.6 Protection against risks and damage
4.6.1 General
Hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical lines shall be arranged and protected so that damage due to normal
operational movements is avoided.
Manipulator parts, the safety of which can be impaired by wear, corrosion or other influences, shall be
accessible so that their condition can be checked.
The manipulator shall not have a tendency to go into resonance. This shall be prevented by mechanical
or control solutions.
The manipulator shall be prevented of any uncontrollable motions; such as oscillations of the load and of
the lifting tubes not being in phase.
4.6.2 Speed
The speed of the driven movements shall be such that the operator can maintain control of the load, even
in case of damage to the load causing a reduction in weight. The risk of uncontrolled movements cannot
be eliminated in all cases if the movement is powered with pneumatic cylinders or vacuum lifting tubes.
Accelerated movements will occur e.g. when the suspended load is released instantaneously or gets
disengaged with an obstacle. These hazardous situations and an advice to the operator how to avoid
residual risk shall be provided in the information for use.
In the case of damage to the load causing a reduction in the suspended weight, there shall be measures
to limit the manipulator’s speed.
4.6.3 Failure of power supply
Failure of power supply, either for lifting or holding the load, shall not result in additional hazards or
risks. To comply with this requirement at least one of the following measures shall be provided to prevent
uncontrolled movement of the load:
— a facility to lower the load without risk of detaching the load;
— load immobilization and holding;
— vacuum lifters: requirements specified in EN 13155:2020, 5.2.2 shall apply.
When the holding of the load is limited in duration (e.g. because of expiration of the energy source), the
load shall be capable of being lowered safely or the operator shall be warned by an automatic warning
device.
4.6.4 Motion limiters
A motion limiter shall be provided when an unlimited motion would induce a risk. Motion limiters shall
comply with EN 12077-2:1998+A1:2008.
Motion limiters shall prevent damage to parts of the manipulator. The effect of operating motion limiters
shall not result in the disengagement of parts of the manipulator or the load.
A lowering limiter shall be provided if the lowest possible travel of the load (normally the ground level)
is outside the safe limit of vertical motion.
prEN 14238:2024 (E)
4.6.5 Load limiters
Manipulators with a WLL of 1 000 kg or above, or an overturning moment of 40 000 Nm or above due to
the load shall be equipped with a rated capacity limiting and indicating device according to
EN 12077-2:1998+A1:2008.
4.6.6 Noise emission reduction and determination
4.6.6.1 Noise reduction at source at the design stage
Noise due to the any sources in manipulators such as:
— hoisting mechanism (motor, gear, brakes);
— trolley traversing mechanism (motor, gear, brakes, especially rail/wheel contact);
— electrical cubicles;
— external devices, e.g. motor fans;
— hydraulic pumps, either on the trolley or in the load lifting attachment (especially the grabs);
— turbines;
— vacuum pumps;
— suction feet;
— pneumatic motors;
— control valves.
shall be reduced by typical measures to reduce noise such as:
— selection of low noise components;
— use of exhaust silencers for valves, pumps, cylinders…
Other measures of identical or better efficiency can be used.
When designing a manipulator the methodology of low-noise design described in EN ISO 11688-1:2009
shall be taken into account.
NOTE 1 EN ISO 11688-2:2000 gives useful information on noise generation mechanisms in machinery.
NOTE 2 Normally noise is not a significant hazard for manipulators. Noise can be a significant hazard in cases
where the operator position is situated close to a component, the power level or operational speed of which is high.
4.6.6.
...