EN 46-1:2005

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2005
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Wood preservatives - Determination of the preventive action against Hylotrupes bajulus
(Linnaeus) - Part 1: Larvicidial effect (Laboratory method)
Holzschutzmittel - Bestimmung der vorbeugenden Wirkung gegenüber Hylotrupes
bajulus (Linnaeus) - Teil 1: Larvizide Wirkung (Laboratoriumsverfahren)
Produits de préservation du bois - Détermination de l'action préventive contre Hylotrupes
bajulus (Linnaeus) - Partie 1: Effet larvicide (Méthode de laboratoire)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 46-1:2005
ICS:
71.100.50 .HPLNDOLMH]D]DãþLWROHVD Wood-protecting chemicals
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 46-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2005
ICS 71.100.50 Supersedes EN 46:1988
English version
Wood preservatives - Determination of the preventive action
against Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus) - Part 1: Larvicidial effect
(Laboratory method)
Produits de préservation des bois - Détermination de Holzschutzmittel - Bestimmung der vorbeugenden Wirkung
l'action préventive contre Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus) - gegenüber Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus) - Teil 1: Larvizide
Partie 1: Effet larviciel (Méthode de laboratoire) Wirkung (Laboratoriumsverfahren)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 February 2005.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 46-1:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative reference .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Principle.6
5 Test materials.6
6 Sampling.7
7 Test specimens.7
8 Procedure .8
9 Expression of results .12
10 Test report .13
Annex A (informative) Example of a test report .15
Annex B (informative) Technique for culturing Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus) .17
Annex C (informative) Differentiation of heartwood and sapwood in Pinus species.20
Annex D (normative) Method for treating test specimens by pipette .21
Annex E (informative) Environmental, health and safety precautions within chemical/biological
laboratory .23
Bibliography .24

Foreword
This document (EN 46-1:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 38 “Durability of wood
and wood-based products”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by September 2005.
This document supersedes EN 46:1988.
This document consist of two parts to enable preventive action of wood preservatives ,against recently
hatched larvae of Hylotrupes bajulus , which are intended to be applied by surface treatment; Part 1 is
required to determine the larvicidial effect of preservatives and Part 2 is required to determine the ovicidal
action of the preservatives after egg-laying of young females.
Significant technical differences between this document and EN 46:1988 are as follows:
a) introduction of new harmonised specifications for the test specimens used in the diverse biological tests;
b) acknowledgement of the terms given in EN 1001-1;
c) introduction of an informative Annex to take account of consideration for minimisation of environmental
and health hazards caused by the use of this biological test.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
and United Kingdom.
Introduction
This document describes a laboratory method of testing which gives a basis for the assessment of the
preventive action of a wood preservative, when applied as a surface treatment, against recently hatched
larvae of Hylotrupes bajulus, whereas the method for determining the toxic values against Hylotrupes bajulus
(EN 47) provides a means of checking whether a preservative prevents attack by these larvae and prevents
their survival within totally impregnated wood.
This method makes it possible to determine whether recently hatched larvae are capable of boring through the
treated surface of a susceptible wood species and of surviving in the untreated part of the test specimen. For
this purpose, the procedure seeks to reproduce normal egg-laying conditions existing in cracks in wood, which
provide the principal egg-laying sites. It takes account of the fact that, if larvae pass through the treated
surface, they will then tunnel in the direction of the least protected regions of the wood.
This laboratory method provides one criterion by which the value of a preservative can be assessed. In
making this assessment, the methods by which the preservative may be applied should be taken into account.
This test is of particular interest when applied to test specimens which have been subjected to an ageing
procedure. It is further recommended that results from this test should be supplemented by those from other
appropriate tests and, above all, by practical experience.
When products which are very active at low concentrations are used it is very important to take suitable
precautions to isolate and separate, as far as possible, operations involving chemical products, other products,
treated wood, laboratory apparatus and clothing. Suitable precautions should include the use of separate
rooms, areas within rooms, extraction facilities, conditioning chambers and special training for personnel (see
also Annex E for environmental, health and safety precautions).
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for the determination of the preventive action of a wood preservative
against recently hatched larvae of Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus) when the preservative is applied as a surface
treatment to wood.
This method is applicable to:
 water-insoluble chemicals which are being studied as active insecticides;
 organic formulations, as supplied or as prepared in the laboratory by dilution of concentrates;
 organic water-dispersible formulations as supplied or as prepared in the laboratory by dilution of
concentrates, and
 water-soluble materials, for example salts.
The method is applicable whether or not the test specimens have been subjected to appropriate ageing
procedures.
2 Normative reference
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use – Specification and test methods (ISO 3696:1987)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
representative sample
sample having its physical or chemical characteristics identical to the volumetric average characteristics of the
total volume being sampled
3.2
supplier
sponsor of the test (person or company providing the sample of wood preservative to be tested)
4 Principle
Depending on the test being carried out either
 on a set of test specimens of a susceptible wood species that is surface treated with a solution of the
preservative, or
 if toxic values are to be determined, on several sets of test specimens of a susceptible wood species that
are surface treated with a series of solutions in which the concentration of preservative is ranged in a
given progression.
The treated test specimens are exposed to recently hatched larvae of Hylotrupes bajulus. The resulting attack
is observed and compared with those in untreated control test specimens. If the preservative has been
prepared in the laboratory by dilution of a concentrate or by dissolution of a solid, the resulting attack is also
compared to that in solvent or diluent treated control test specimens.
5 Test materials
5.1 Biological material
5.1.1 Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus) larvae, within three days of hatching.
5.1.2 Source of larvae. Obtain the larvae from cultures reared e.g. as described in Annex B.
5.1.3 Provision of larvae. Collect larvae from eggs laid by different females.
5.1.4 Choice of larvae. Use a mixed batch of these larvae for the test. Use 10 larvae per treated test
specimen or control test specimen.
5.2 Products and reagents
5.2.1 Paraffin wax, for fixing the glass plate and for sealing the end faces of test specimens to be treated
with solutions in all cases in which water is the continuous phase.
NOTE Paraffin wax with a setting point of 52 °C to 54 °C has been found to be suitable.
5.2.2 Gelatin, for sealing the end faces of test specimens to be treated with solutions in which an organic
solvent is the continuous phase.
5.2.3 Water, complying with grade 3 of EN ISO 3696.
5.2.4 Solvent or diluent, a volatile liquid that will dissolve or dilute the preservative but does not leave a
residue in the wood at the end of the post-treatment conditioning period that has a toxic effect on the insects.
CAUTION — Do not use benzene or other solvents which pose a health risk.
5.3 Apparatus
5.3.1 Culturing chamber, with air circulation, and controlled at (28 ± 2) °C and at a relative humidity of
(70 ± 5) %.
5.3.2 Conditioning chamber, well ventilated and controlled at (20 ± 2) °C and at a relative humidity of
(65 ± 5) %.
NOTE The conditioning of test specimens may be carried out in the laboratory work area (see 5.3.3) provided that
this has the conditions specified for the conditioning chamber (see 5.3.2).
5.3.3 Laboratory work area, well ventilated, where treatment of the test specimens is carried out.
CAUTION — It is essential to follow safety procedures for handling flammable and toxic materials.
Avoid excessive exposure of operators to solvents or their vapours.
5.3.4 Testing chamber, ventilated and air conditioned, controlled at (22 ± 2) °C and at a relative humidity
of (70 ± 5) %.
5.3.5 Treatment vessels, of a material that does not react with the preservative under test, for example of
glass for organic products and of polyethylene for salts containing fluorine.
5.3.6 Weights, to provide ballast for the test specimens. The weights shall not react with any materials with
which they come into contact during the test.
5.3.7 Safety equipment and protective clothing, appropriate for the test product and the test solvent, to
ensure the safety of the operator.
5.3.8 Glass plates, 48 mm long and 25 mm wide, intended to provide a lateral slit on the test specimens.
5.3.9 Ordinary laboratory equipment, including a balance capable of weighing to an accuracy of 0,01 g.
5.3.10 Protective gloves
6 Sampling
The sample of preservative shall be representative of the product to be tested. Samples shall be stored and
handled in accordance with any written recommendations from the supplier.
NOTE For the sampling of preservatives from bulk supplies, the procedure given in EN 212 should be used.
7 Test specimens
7.1 Species of wood
1)
The reference species is Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus) .
NOTE Additional tests may be carried out using other species but, if so, this should be stated in the test report.
7.2 Wood quality
The wood shall be free from visible cracks, stain, decay, insect damage and other defects. The wood shall not
have been water-stored, floated, chemically treated or steamed. The wood shall originate from trees
preferably felled in winter. The wood shall not have been stored for more than five years.
NOTE 1 Wood that has been kiln dried at temperatures below 60 °C may be used.
The wood shall be exclusively sapwood containing little resin and having between 2,5 annual rings per 10 mm
and eight annual rings per 10 mm. The proportion of latewood in the annual rings shall not exceed 30 % of the
whole.
1) In southern European countries the pine species most frequently infested by Hylotrupes bajulus may be used as an
alternative, provided that the suitability of the species for use in the tests specified in this document has been
demonstrated in all aspects (development of larvae, resistance to impregnation etc.).
NOTE 2 It is recommended to use test specimens of similar growth rate within a single test.
2)
7.3 Provision of test specimens
Prepare planed strips having a cross-section of (25 ± 0,5) mm × (15 ± 0,5) mm removing a minimum of 2 mm
from any faces exposed during drying. The longitudinal faces shall be parallel to the direction of the grain. The
annual rings shall have a contact angle of (45 ± 15)° to the broad faces. Make transverse cuts, neatly to give
sharp edges and a fine-sawn finish to the end-grain surfaces, to give test specimens (50 ± 0,5) mm long.
The test specimens shall originate from a minimum of three trees or shall be taken at random from a stock
originally of more than 500 test specimens.
7.4 Dimensions of test specimens
The dimensions of each test specimen after reaching equilibrium in the conditioning chamber (5.3.2) shall be
(50 ± 0,5) mm ×(25 ± 0,5) mm × (15 ± 0,5) mm.
Mark each test specimen so that it can be identified throughout the test.
7.5 Number of test specimens
Use:
a) six treated test specimens (two from each lot) (see 7.4) for each preservative, each concentration and
each duration of treatment;
b) three untreated control test specimens (one from each lot) (see 7.4) for a complete test of any given
preservative;
c) c) three control test specimens treated with the solvent or the diluent (5.2.4 or 5.2.5) (one from each lot)
(see 7.4) if a solvent or diluent (including water) is used.
When dipping is to be used (8.1.3.2) it is advisable to treat more than the specified number of test specimens
so that, after weighing, any test specimens with abnormally high or low retentions can be rejected from the
batch.
8 Procedure
8.1 Preparation of the test specimens
8.1.1 Conditioning of the test specimens prior to sealing
Allow the test specimens to condition in the conditioning chamber (5.3.2) for a minimum of two weeks.

2) For special tests, test specimens may be obtained according to a given series. As a result, it may be preferable to
take test specimens from pretreated strips.
8.1.2 Sealing of the transverse faces
Seal the transverse faces as follows:
8.1.2.1 For tests with solutions in which water is the continuous phase, apply three coats of the
paraffin wax (5.2.1) at about 90 °C so that the first coat adheres closely to the wood and the successive
coatings bond to one another. Condition the sealed test specimens in the conditioning chamber (5.3.2) for at
least one day.
8.1.2.2 For tests with preservative solutions in which the continuous phase is an organic solvent
that dissolves paraffin wax, use the gelatine (5.2.2): apply the first coat as an aqueous solution of 200 g/l at
40 °C, then after a minimum of 8 h of drying, apply two further coats of an aqueous solution of 300 g/l at 50 °C.
Condition the sealed test specimens in the conditioning chamber (5.3.2) for at least one day.
3)
8.1.3 Treatment of the test specimens
8.1.3.1 Preparation of the treatment solutions
8.1.3.1.1 Solid preservatives
 Water-soluble preservatives:
dissolve the preservative in the water (5.2.3) to the required concentration, or in a series of concentrations if
toxic values are to be determined.
 Non-water-soluble preservatives:
dissolve the preservative in an appropriate solvent (5.2.4) to the required concentration, or in a series of
concentrations if toxic values are to be determined.
All treatment solutions shall be freshly prepared.
8.1.3.1.2 Liquid preservatives
If appropriate, use the preservative without further preparation other than any necessary stirring. If it is a
concentrate or if toxic values are to be determined, dilute the preservative with the diluent to the required
working concentration, using the procedure specified by the manufacturer.
All treatment solutions shall be freshly prepared.
8.1.3.1.3 Toxic values
If toxic values are to be determined, prepare a series of at least five concentrations by mass, distributed
evenly about the expected toxic values.
A solvent or diluent control, i.e. treatment at concentration = 0, shall also be used. If the approximate toxic
values are unknown, the concentrations shall form a widely spaced geometric progression for a first test and a
more closely spaced geometric or arithmetic progression for subsequent tests.
All treatment solutions shall be freshly prepared.

3) Apply, if necessary, treatment by pipette (see Annex D).
8.1.3.2 Treatment by dipping
Weigh to the nearest 0,01 g each end-sealed test specimen, to obtain its initial mass.
Treat each test specimen in the treatment vessel (5.3.5) as follows:
 immerse completely in the solution. The dipping times to be used shall be one of the following, agreed
beforehand according to the purpose of the test:
 either one 10 s period and/or two periods of 10 s at an interval of 24 h. If the rate of solidification of
some constituents of a preservative formulation would have the effect of retarding its penetration
during the second dipping, this interval has to be reduced. The interval employed shall be mentioned
in the test report, or
4)
 a period sufficient for a determined quantity to be retained by the test specimen .
Using forceps, remove each test specimen from the liquid and, if necessary, sponge off any droplets
remaining on the transverse sections. Then, still holding it with the forceps, turn the test specimen in the air,
bringing each face uppermost until the preservative is completely absorbed by the wood. Then immediately
weigh to the nearest 0,01 g.
In the case of water-soluble chemicals, for example salts, and water-insoluble chemicals which are being
studied as active insecticides, calculate the mass of chemical retained for eac
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