prEN ISO 445

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2026
Palete za ravnanje z materiali - Slovar (ISO/DIS 445:2026)
Pallets for materials handling - Vocabulary (ISO/DIS 445:2026)
Paletten für den Materialtransport - Begriffe (ISO/DIS 445:2026)
Palettes pour la manutention et le transport des marchandises - Vocabulaire (ISO/DIS
445:2026)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 445
ICS:
01.040.55 Pakiranje in distribucija blaga Packaging and distribution of
(Slovarji) goods (Vocabularies)
55.180.20 Večnamenske palete General purpose pallets
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 445
ISO/TC 51
Pallets for materials handling —
Secretariat: BSI
Vocabulary
Voting begins on:
Palettes pour la manutention et le transport des marchandises —
2026-03-26
Vocabulaire
Voting terminates on:
ICS: 55.180.20; 01.040.55 2026-06-18
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL
PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
Reference number
ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
DRAFT
ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 445
ISO/TC 51
Pallets for materials handling —
Secretariat: BSI
Vocabulary
Voting begins on:
Palettes pour la manutention et le transport des marchandises —
Vocabulaire
Voting terminates on:
ICS: 55.180.20; 01.040.55
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL
PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
© ISO 2026
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
ii
ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Terms relating to general .1
3.2 Terms relating to flat pallets .5
3.3 Terms relating to pallets with superstructure . 15
3.3.1 Post pallets . 15
3.3.2 Box pallets .16
3.3.3 Cage pallets .21
3.4 Terms relating to pallet superstructures . 22
3.5 Terms relating to pallet components and features .24
3.5.1 Decks .24
3.5.2 Wings and lips . . 26
3.5.3 Apertures (openings and entries) . 28
3.5.4 Deckboards . 30
3.5.5 Chamfers . .32
3.5.6 Stringers/bearers . 34
3.5.7 Blocks and block assemblies .37
3.5.8 Stacking devices . 39
3.5.9 Other components .41
3.6 Terms relating to pallet fittings .43
3.7 Terms relating to mechanical fasteners.45
3.7.1 Nails . 46
3.7.2 Other fasteners .47
3.8 Terms relating to slipsheets . 49
3.9 Terms relating to pallet usage . 50
3.10 Terms relating to pallet unit load handling .51
3.10.1 General .51
3.10.2 Stacking .51
3.10.3 Racking .52
3.10.4 Load stabilization . 54
3.11 Terms relating to dimensions of pallets . 55
3.11.1 General . 55
3.11.2 Flat pallets . . 56
3.11.3 Pallets with superstructure .57
Bibliography .58

iii
ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 51, Pallets for unit load method of materials
handling.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 445:2013), which has been technically revised.
The main changes compared with the previous edition are as follows:
— clause 2 has been added, and all terms have been consolidated into Clause 3;
— several new terms have been introduced, including wooden pallet、plastic pallet、metal pallet、paper-
based pallet、composite pallet、wheeled pallet、modular plastic pallet、anti-spill plastic pallet、moulded
pallet、shelf、castor、smart pallet;
— the terms of repaired pallet、reassembled pallet have been revised;
— the terms previously contained in Annex A (unit load handling) and Annex B (slipsheets) have been
relocated to Clause 3.10 and 3.8;
— editorial corrections have been made.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
DRAFT International Standard ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
Pallets for materials handling — Vocabulary
1 Scope
This documents defines terms in the field of pallets for unit load methods of materials handling.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4046-4:2016, Paper, board, pulps and related terms — Vocabulary — Part 4: Paper and board grades and
converted products
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Terms relating to general
3.1.1
pallet
rigid horizontal platform of minimum height, compatible with handling by pallet trucks and/or forklift
trucks and other appropriate handling equipment, used as a base for assembling, loading, storing, handling,
stacking, transporting, or displaying goods and loads
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Note 2 to entry: The pallet may be constructed with, or fitted with, a superstructure.
Note 3 to entry: Pallet could be used as a part of transport packaging.

ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
Figure 1 — Examples of pallets
3.1.2
wooden pallet
pallet (3.1.1) constructed with wood or wood-based components or a combination of both
3.1.3
plastic pallet
pallet (3.1.1) manufactured from plastic (polymer) materials or plastic (polymer)-based components or
combination of both
ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
3.1.4
metal pallet
pallet (3.1.1) constructed with steel, aluminum or other metallic materials or components
3.1.5
paper-based pallet
pallet (3.1.1) constructed with paper or paper-based components or a combination of both
Note 1 to entry: Common types include corrugated paper-based pallets and honeycomb paper-based pallets, etc
3.1.6
composite pallet
pallet (3.1.1) manufactured from different materials like glass, wood or plastic, including usually polymer
materials and polymer-based components or combination of both.
EXAMPLE A pallet made from mixture of two or more different materials such as wood, wooden-based, plastic,
glass, etc.
3.1.7
wheeled pallet
pallet (3.1.1) equipped with castors (3.5.9.4) on the bottom
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
Note 2 to entry: Common wheeled pallets are available as wheeled flat pallets [see Figure 2a)] and wheeled pallets
with superstructure [see Figure 2b)].
Note 3 to entry: Common wheeled pallets with superstructure include box-type, post-type, and cage-type designs. The
cage-type wheeled pallet is also known as either a roll container or roll box pallet.
a) wheeled flat pallets b) wheeled pallets with superstructure
Figure 2 — Wheeled pallet
3.1.8
nominal load
R
lowest safe load value for the specified support conditions, independent of the type of load (excluding
concentrated loads)
Note 1 to entry: “Specified support conditions” refers to the range of conditions of use in 7.1 of ISO 8611-2:2025.
Note 2 to entry: Nominal load does not represent an actual payload on a pallet in use. The nominal load is used for
comparing the performance of different pallets.
3.1.9
concentrated load
load concentrated over an area of less than 50 % of the pallet top deck (3.5.1.2)

ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
3.1.10
uniformly distributed unbonded load
load spread evenly across the full surface of the pallet top deck (3.5.1.2) where the items are not interlocked,
bound or connected
3.1.11
uniformly distributed bonded load
load spread evenly across the full surface of the pallet top deck (3.5.1.2), where the pattern of each single
layer changes, so that the packages are interlocked
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 3.
Note 2 to entry: Sacks are an example of a bonded load.
Figure 3 — Uniformly distributed bonded load
3.1.12
solid load
single, compact, rigid, homogeneous load, supported by all the blocks (3.5.7.1) and/or stringers (bearers)
(3.5.6.1) of the pallet
3.1.13
maximum working load
greatest payload that a pallet may be permitted to carry in a specific loading and support condition
Note 1 to entry: This will vary according to the type, distribution, arrangement and means of stabilization of the load
[1]
and the system of support. It may be above or below the nominal load (see ISO 8611-2 ).
3.1.14
payload
Q
load carried by the pallet in use
[1]
Note 1 to entry: This can be above, identical with or below the nominal load (see ISO 8611-2 ).
3.1.15
safety factor
ratio of the ultimate load to the nominal load
3.1.16
stiffness
relative deformation of a pallet or component under load
Note 1 to entry: High stiffness means small displacement, deflection or deformation for a given load.
3.1.17
test load
P
load applicators, the load board or load box and the applied load itself

ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
3.1.18
ultimate load
U
load at which compression, displacement or deflection is no longer contained, resulting in the destruction
of the specimen or breaking of one component, or when displacement, deformation or deflection becomes
excessive
3.1.19
failure
condition in which the pallet, at a particular load, exceeds the deflection limits or breakage of a component
occurs
3.2 Terms relating to flat pallets
3.2.1
flat pallet
pallet with a top deck (3.5.1.2) without a raised superstructure
3.2.2
single-deck pallet
[7]
flat pallet (3.2.1) where the lower bearing surface area is less than the percentage specified in ISO 6780
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 4.
Figure 4 — Single-deck pallets
3.2.3
stillage
platform with two uprights or four feet and with free entry (3.5.3.3)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 5.

ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
Figure 5 — Stillages
3.2.4
double-deck pallet
flat pallet (3.2.1) with a top deck (3.5.1.2) and a bottom deck (3.5.1.4)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 6.

ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
Figure 6 — Double-deck pallets
3.2.5
reversible pallet
double-deck pallet (3.2.4) with top and bottom decks, either of which can take the same payload
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 7.

ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
Figure 7 — Reversible pallets
3.2.6
non-reversible pallet
double-deck pallet (3.2.4) with one load-carrying surface
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 8.
Figure 8 — Non-reversible pallets
3.2.7
two-way pallet
two-way entry pallet
flat pallet (3.2.1) permitting the entry of the fork arms of forklift trucks and pallet trucks from two opposite
directions only
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 9.
Figure 9 — Two-way pallets
ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
3.2.8
four-way pallet
four-way entry pallet
flat pallet (3.2.1) permitting the entry of the fork arms of forklift trucks and pallet trucks from all four
directions
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 10.
Figure 10 — Four-way pallets
3.2.9
partial four-way pallet
partial four-way entry pallet
flat pallet (3.2.1) permitting four-way entry of the fork arms of forklift trucks and two-way entry of the fork
arms of pallet trucks
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 11.
3.2.10
notched stringer pallet
flat pallet (3.2.1) with stringers (3.5.6.1) in each of which there are two notches (3.5.6.2) permitting entry of
the fork arms of forklift trucks
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 11.
Figure 11 — Notched stringer pallet (example of a partial four-way pallet)
3.2.11
overlap pallet
flat pallet (3.2.1) with bottom deck (3.5.1.4) components layered one on top of another
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 12.

ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
Figure 12 — Overlap pallet
3.2.12
free-entry pallet
flat pallet (3.2.1) having entries through which the fork-arm wheels of a pallet truck can pass without leaving
the ground
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 13.
Figure 13 — Free-entry pallet
3.2.13
perimeter-base pallet
window pallet
flat pallet (3.2.1) which in the bottom deck has the outer bottom components arranged as a complete frame
with one or two centre bottom components
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 14.
Note 2 to entry: All bottom components are in the same plane.

ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
Figure 14 — Perimeter-base pallet
3.2.14
cruciform perimeter-base pallet
full perimeter-base pallet
perimeter-base pallet (3.2.13) with two centre bottom deck components at right angles to each other
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 15.
Note 2 to entry: All bottom components are in the same plane.
Figure 15 — Cruciform perimeter-base pallets

ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
3.2.15
nestable pallet
flat pallet (3.2.1) with apertures in the top deck (3.5.1.2) to accept the feet of a similar pallet for stacking
when unloaded
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 16.
Figure 16 — Nestable pallet
3.2.16
asymmetric pallet
flat pallet (3.2.1) which does not have the same design on either side of one or other deck centre line
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 17.
Figure 17 — Asymmetric pallet
3.2.17
wing pallet
pallet with a top deck (3.5.1.2) and/or bottom deck (3.5.1.4) extending beyond the outer edges of stringers
(3.5.6.1), blocks (3.5.7.1), posts (3.6.3) or stringerboards (3.5.7.6)
Note 1 to entry: A wing (3.5.2.1) on a pallet should not be confused with a lip on a pallet.
3.2.18
single-wing pallet
pallet with top deck (3.5.1.2) extending beyond the outer edges of, and with bottom deck (3.5.1.4) flush with,
stringers (3.5.6.1), blocks (3.5.7.1), posts (3.6.3) or stringerboards (3.5.7.6)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 18.

ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
Figure 18 — Single-wing pallet
3.2.19
double-wing pallet
pallet with both top deck (3.5.1.2) and bottom deck (3.5.1.4) extending beyond stringers (3.5.6.1), blocks
(3.5.7.1), posts (3.6.3) or stringerboards (3.5.7.6)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 19.
Figure 19 — Double-wing pallet
3.2.20
repaired pallet
used pallet which was repaired with new or used components replacing damaged components
[2]
[SOURCE: see ISO 18613 ]
3.2.21
reassembled pallet
remanufactured pallet
new manufactured pallet made with reclaimed components or parts with new fastenings

ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
3.2.22
modular plastic pallet
pallet composed of multiple plastic square modules
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 20.
Figure 20 — Modular plastic pallet
3.2.23
anti-spill plastic pallet
plastic pallet (3.1.3) designed for storing goods prone to leakage, featuring a removable non-slip grid on the
top deck
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 21.
Figure 21 — Anti-spill plastic pallet
3.2.24
moulded pallet
pallet formed in mold, made of either plastic, metal or wooden particles by bonded or pressed
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 22.

ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
Figure 22 — Moulded pallet
3.2.25
slipsheet
rectangular, flat sheet of material with a tab (3.8.16) on one or more edges, used as a base for assembling,
handling, storing or transporting goods and products in unit load form
Note 1 to entry: Slipsheet is a special type of flat pallet.
3.3 Terms relating to pallets with superstructure
3.3.1 Post pallets
3.3.1.1
post pallet
pallet having posts to permit stacking, and fitted with either removable rails (3.6.4) or gates (3.6.1)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 23.
Figure 23 — Post pallet
3.3.1.2
fixed post pallet
post pallet (3.3.1.1) with posts permanently and rigidly fixed to the deck
3.3.1.3
collapsible post pallet
post pallet (3.3.1.1) with posts hinged to the deck
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 24.

ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
Figure 24 — Collapsible post pallet
3.3.1.4
demountable post pallet
post pallet (3.3.1.1) with removable posts
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 25.
Figure 25 — Demountable post pallet
3.3.2 Box pallets
3.3.2.1
box pallet
bulk container pallet
pallet with solid or close boarded sides, one or more of which can have hinged or removable gates (3.6.1) for
access
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 26.

ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
Note 2 to entry: A box pallet can be fitted with a lid (3.6.2).
[10]
Note 3 to entry: Definitions concerning roll containers can be found in EN 12674-1 .
Figure 26 — Box pallets
3.3.2.2
fixed box pallet
box pallet (3.3.2.1) with sides permanently and rigidly fixed to the deck
3.3.2.3
collapsible box pallet
box pallet (3.3.2.1) with sides hinged to the deck
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 27.
Figure 27 — Collapsible box pallets
3.3.2.4
demountable box pallet
box pallet (3.3.2.1) with removable sides
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 28.

ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
Figure 28 — Demountable box pallet
3.3.2.5
drop-bottom box pallet
box pallet (3.3.2.1) with hinged deck to provide discharge of contents
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 29.
Figure 29 — Drop-bottom box pallet

ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
3.3.2.6
pour box pallet
chute-sided box pallet
box pallet (3.3.2.1) with one or more sloping sides to assist discharge of contents
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 30.
Figure 30 — Pour box pallet
3.3.2.7
silo pallet
sealed, four-sided box pallet fitted with a sealable lid (3.6.2) and an emptying device in the deck
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 31.
Note 2 to entry: A silo pallet is commonly used for carrying dry powders or granules.
Note 3 to entry: Some types of silo pallets can also be called intermediate bulk containers (IBCs). Definitions
[3]
concerning IBCs can be found in ISO 15867 .

ISO/DIS 445:2026(en)
Figure 31 — Silo pallet
3.3.2.8
tank pallet
sealed, four-sided box pallet, fitted with a sealable lid (3.6.2), which can be emptied by a tap fitted to the
base or by aspiration through the top opening
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 32.
Note 2 to entry: A tank pallet is commonly used for carrying liquids and gases.
Note 3 to entry: Some types of tank pallets can also be cal
...