ASTM B417-22

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Designation: B417 − 18 B417 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Apparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using
the Carney Funnel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B417; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the apparent density of non-free-flowing metal powders. It is designed
for those metal powders that do not freely flow through the Hall flowmeter funnel.
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per
cubic centimeter (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only,only
and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B215 Practices for Sampling Metal Powders
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B873 Test Method for Measuring Volume of Apparent Density Cup Used in Test Methods B212, B329, and B417
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terms in Terminology B243 are applicable to this test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A volume of powder is permitted to flow into a container of definite volume under controlled conditions. The mass of powder
per unit volume is determined and reported as apparent density, Carney (AD ).
C
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B09.02
on Base Metal Powders.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018Sept. 1, 2022. Published November 2018September 2022. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 20132018
as B417 – 13.B417 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/B0417-18.10.1520/B0417-22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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B417 − 22
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method provides a guide for evaluation of an important physical characteristic of a powder known as the apparent
density. The measured apparent density bears a relationship to the mass of powder that will fill a fixed volume die cavity. The
degree of correlation between the results of this test and the performance of powders during use may vary with each particular
application. Note, however, that the presence of moisture, oils, stearic acid, stearates, waxes, and the temperature of the powder
mass may alter the physical characteristics of the powder.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Powder Flowmeter —A Carney Flowmeter (Fig. 1).
3 3
6.2 Density Cup —A cylindrical brass cup (Fig. 2) having a capacity of 25 cm . The actual cup volume shall be determined
according to Test Method B873. If the measured volume of the cup is outside the tolerance in Fig. 2 (25 6 0.03 cm )), the cup
shall not be used.
6.3 Stand—A stand (Fig. 1) to support the powder funnel concentric with the density cup so that the bottom of the powder funnel
is approximately 25 mm (1 in.) 1 in. (25 mm) above the top of the density cup when the apparatus is assembled as shown in Fig.
1.
6.4 Workbench—A level, vibration-free table or workbench to support the powder flowmeter stand.
6.5 Balance, readable to 0.001 g, with a minimum capacity of 200 g.
6.6 Wire, approximately 2.5 mm (0.10 in.) 0.10 in. (2.5 mm) in diameter by 150 mm (6 in.) 6 in. (150 mm) in length.
6.7 Spatula or straight edge—Straight Edge—A non-magnetic spatula or straight edge of suitable dimensions for leveling off the
excess powder on top of the density cup.
FIG. 1 Carney Flowmeter Funnel and Stand
The sole source of supply of the flowmeter funnel, density cup, and stand known to the committee at this time is ACu Powder International, LLC. If you are aware of
alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee, which you may attend.
B417 − 22
FIG. 2 Density Cup (25 6 0.03 cm )
7. Test Specimen
7.1 The test portion shall consist of a volume of appro
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