ASTM F2680-17

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2680 − 09 (Reapproved 2014) F2680 − 17 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for Test Methods and Specifications for
Bicycle Manually Operated Front Wheel Retention Systems
for Bicycles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2680; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers These test methods and specifications cover the standard for front wheel retention systems for all
bicycles equipped with manually operated retention systems such as a quick release.
1.2 This specification is only for bicycles equipped with manually operated retention systems, and does not apply to
tool-operated wheel fasteningretention systems.
1.3 The intent of this specification is to define the performance of primary and secondary wheel retention systems, with the
focus on preventing unintended wheel separation.separation and prevention of unintended contact of the retention system with the
disc brake rotor or wheel.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Terminology
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2.1.1 adult bicycle, n—bicycle designed for, and marketed to, adult riders.
2.1.2 bicycle fork (fork), n—mechanismstructure between the head tube and front hub axle, including some or all of the
following components; the steerer tube, crown, fork blades, triple clamps, shock absorbers, lower tubes, upper tubes and dropouts
(fork ends).
2.1.3 direction of removal of the wheel from the fork, n—direction, when both primary and secondary wheel retention systems
are disengaged, that provides the least resistance to wheel and fork separation or wheel removal.
2.1.4 disc brake, n—a brake that uses a caliper to squeeze a pair of pads against a disc brake rotor in order to create friction
that slows and stops the rotation of the wheel assembly.
2.1.5 disc brake rotor, n—the component of a disc brake against which the brake pads are pressed in order to stop. The rotor
is attached to the wheel hub.
2.1.6 dropout (fork end), n—fork component used to support, or mount, the front wheel at the axle.
2.1.7 manually operated, adj—without the use of tools.
2.1.8 primary retention, n—system that keeps the bicycle wheel connected to the bicycle fork for riding.
2.1.9 primary retention system in the unlocked position, n—position where, (1) if a quick release cam is used, the cam is opened
as far as possible or (2) if a turning style system such as a wing nut or another non-cam style system is used, the manual lever
is loosened 360°.
This specification is These test methods and specifications are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities
and isare the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.10 on Bicycles.
Current edition approved April 1, 2014Sept. 1, 2017. Published May 2014October 2017. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 20092014 as
F2680 – 09.F2680 – 09 (2014). DOI: 10.1520/F2680-09R14.10.1520/F2680-17.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2680 − 17
2.1.10 quick release mechanism,assembly, n—lever-actuated cam mechanism that connects and retains the bicycle front wheel
to the bicycle fork.
2.1.10.1 Discussion—
The assembly generally consists of a lever (actuating the cam mechanism), adjusting nut and springs (two, optional).
2.1.11 secondary retention, n—system that retains the bicycle wheel in the dropouts when the primary retention system is in the
open (unlocked) position.
2.1.12 wheel hub, n—assembly consisting of an axle connected by bearings to a hub shell, to which the spokes attach, and
permitting the shell to revolve around the axle.
3. Performance Requirements
3.1 Bicycles equipped with a manually operated primary retention systemssystem shall be equipped with a secondary retention
systems.retention.
3.2 The primary retention system shall prevent relative motion between the front wheel axle and the front fork dropouts when
tested as shown in Fig. 1by the methods described in 4.1.1 and as shown in Fig. 1.
3.3 The secondary retention system shall prevent front wheel removal or partial separation when tested by the methods
described in 4.1.2. An example of one type of Examples of front wheel partial separation isare shown in Fig. 2.
3.4 Manually operated wheel retention systems shall not be used on bicycles with 20-in. (51-cm) diameter wheels or smaller
(excluding adult bicycles).
FIG. 1 Typical Primary Retention Test Apparatus
F2680 − 17
FIG. 2 Failure Mode Examples
3.5 When the quick release assembly is installed into the test fixture (Fig. 3), the quick release lever shall not contact the fixture
surface at any time during the test de
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