ASTM C1471/C1471M-05(2021)

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Designation:C1471/C1471M −05 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Guide for the
Use of High Solids Content Cold Liquid-Applied Elastomeric
Waterproofing Membrane on Vertical Surfaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1471/C1471M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C717 Terminology of Building Seals and Sealants
C836/C836M Specification for High Solids Content, Cold
1.1 This guide describes the use of a high solids content,
Liquid-Applied Elastomeric Waterproofing Membrane for
cold liquid-applied elastomeric waterproofing membrane that
Use with Separate Wearing Course
meets the performance criteria specified in Specification C836/
C898/C898M Guide for Use of High Solids Content, Cold
C836M, subject to intermittent hydrostatic pressure in a
Liquid-Applied Elastomeric Waterproofing Membrane
waterproofing system intended for installation on vertical
with Separate Wearing Course
cast-in-place concrete surfaces.
D4263 Test Method for Indicating Moisture in Concrete by
1.2 Thecommitteewithjurisdictionoverthisstandardisnot
the Plastic Sheet Method
aware of any comparable standards published by other orga-
3. Terminology
nizations.
3.1 Definitions—Refer to Terminology C717 for definitions
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
of terms used in this standard.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.2.1 drainage composite—geocomposite consisting of a
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
geotextile filter fabric and a drainage core of various thick-
with the standard.
nesses and shapes.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 This grade provides considerations for the design and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- installation of liquid-applied waterproofing systems.The intent
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. is to provide information and guidelines for consideration by
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- designers. Typical uses for these systems include, among
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- others, planters and foundation walls with drainage systems.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.2 This guide is intended to be considered in conjunction
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
with Guide C898/C898M to provide total system guidelines.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 5. Comparison to Other Standards
5.1 Thecommitteewithjurisdictionoverthisstandardisnot
2. Referenced Documents
aware of any comparable standards published by other orga-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
nizations.
C117 Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-µm (No. 200)
6. General
Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
6.1 General—The major components to be considered for a
below-grade building wall waterproofing system are the struc-
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and
tural wall or substrate to be waterproofed, waterproofing
Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.22 on Water-
proofing and Dampproofing Systems.
membrane, membrane protection, drainage, and backfill. Ad-
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2021. Published December 2021. Originally
ditional components to be considered are membrane
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C1471/C1471M – 05
ɛ1
terminations, penetrations, joints, and thermal insulation.
(2014) . DOI: 10.1520/C1471_C1471M-05R21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.2 Compatibility—It is essential that all components and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
contiguous elements be compatible, and that they be coordi-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. nated to form an integrated waterproofing system.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1471/C1471M−05 (2021)
6.3 Continuity—It is essential that the waterproofing irregularities. A minimum width of 200 mm, with 300 mm
membrane, including all joints and transitions, is continuous. preferred, should be available on the footing to effectively
Special attention must be paid to changes in plane, transitions
terminate the waterproofing membrane. The top of the footing
from one substrate to another, terminations, and abutting should be sloped away from the wall.
waterproofing systems. Expansion and control joints in abut-
7.7 Dryness—Membrane manufacturers’ requirements for
ting vertical and horizontal surfaces must maintain the conti-
substrate dryness vary and can include being visibly dry,
nuity of the system. It is recommended that, during system
passing a 4-h glass test, passing Test Method D4263 with no
development and documentation, isometric drawings be made
condensate, or having a specific maximum moisture content as
of three-dimensional connections and transitions.
measured by a moisture meter. Refer to and meet the manu-
facturer’s requirements for the particular membrane being
7. Substrate
applied. It is recommended that the membrane not be applied
7.1 General—The building wall substrate referred to in this
sooner than 28 days after concrete placement.
guide is reinforced, cast-in-place concrete.
7.8 Joints—Joints in structural concrete walls are referred to
7.2 Strength—The strength of concrete is a factor to be
in this guide as reinforced joints, unreinforced joints, and
considered with respect to liquid-applied membranes so far as
expansion joints.
it relates to surface finish, bond strength, and continuing
integrity (absence of cracks and other concrete defects that 7.8.1 Reinforced Joints—Reinforced joints consist of hair-
line cracks, cold joints, construction joints, or control joints
could affect the integrity of the membrane).
held together with steel reinforcing bars or wire fabric. These
7.3 Density and Moisture Content—The density and mois-
are considered static joints with little or no anticipated move-
ture content of concrete when cured are interrelated. Exces-
ment because the reinforcement is continuous across the joint.
sively high moisture content can affect adhesion of the mem-
7.8.2 Unreinforced Joints—Unreinforced joints consist of
brane to a substrate, as moisture may condense at the
butted construction joints and isolation joints not held together
membrane-to-concrete interface and cause membrane delami-
with steel reinforcing bars or wire fabric. These joints are
nation. Lower moisture contents are achieved with the use of
generally considered as non-moving or static joints. However,
hard, dense stone aggregate. This type of coarse aggregate will
they should be considered as capable of some movement, the
generally provide structural concrete with moisture content
magnitude of which is difficult to predict.
from 3 to 5 % when cured. The concrete substrate should have
3 3
a minimum density of 2100 kg/m [130 lb/ft ] and a maximum
7.8.3 Expansion Joints—Expansion joints are designed to
moisture content of 8 % when cured.
accommodate a predetermined amount of movement. Such
movement can be due to thermal change, shrinkage, creep,
7.4 Admixtures—Polymeric, latex, or other organic chemi-
deflection, or other factors. In detailing watertight expansion
cal based admixtures or modifiers can coat the concrete
joints, the amount of movement must be determined using a
particles and reduce the adhesion of the membrane to the
reasonable factor of safety since accurate prediction of the
substrate. If the concrete substrate will contain any admixtures,
magnitude of movement is difficult. The size and configuration
the membrane manufacturer should be consulted and should
of the joint should then be related to the capability of the
approve the use of the membrane with the specific proposed
membrane and joint seal materials to accommodate the antici-
admixtures.
pated movement.
7.5 Release and Curing Agents—Form release agents and
formoilsareoftenusedtofacilitatetheremovaloftheconcrete
8. Waterproofing Membrane
form work, and curing agents are sometimes applied to the
green (uncured) concrete surface. These chemicals can reduce 8.1 General—Application of the membrane may be by
the adhesion of the membrane to the concrete, and their use
brush, trowel, roller, or spray equipment, or combinations
should be coordinated with and be accepted by the membrane thereof, depending on the manufacturer’s recommended or
manufacturer. Form oils should not be used on areas to receive
required procedures and the job site conditions. A two-coat
waterproofing. If form oils were used, sandblasting or other
application is preferable to a single-coat application, because it
approved methods must be used to remove the form oils prior
providessomeredundancyanditiseasiertomeetorexceedthe
to waterproofing application.
minimum required membrane thickness. It also reduces the
tendencyformembranematerialtoslideorsag,andpinholesin
7.6 Finish—The structural wall should have a smooth form
the first coat can be covered by the second coat.
finish. The surface should provide a mechanical bond for the
8.1.1 One-part membrane materials should be stirred thor-
membrane but not be so rough as to preclude achieving
oughly prior to application With two-part materials, stir each
continuity of the membrane and the specified membrane
thickness across its surface. All fins, projections, tie rod holes, component separately before combining. Thoroughly mix the
two components together so the curing agent is uniformly
and honeycomb must be repaired. The removal of fins and
similar projections is especially critical, because they cause dispersed in the base component, ensuring even curing of the
membrane. Mixing should be at a slow speed, 80 to 150 rpm,
thin spots in the membrane that are easily punctured. The
concrete surface at the top of the wall and at the footing should to avoid entrapping air in the material.The bottom and sides of
the container should be scraped with a square-edged spatula
be of the same quality as the face of the wall. The footing
should be troweled smooth and be free of fins, burrs, and large during mixing.
C1471/C1471M−05 (2021)
8.1.2 Some materials require the use of a primer on some is applied. Excessive moisture in the substrate or moisture on
substrates. Review the manufacturer’s requirements and use the surface from frost, rain, or condensation may cause an
the recommended primer where necessary. improper cure, formation of gas pockets, or little or no
2 2
8.1.3 A coverage rate of 1.5 L/m [4 gal/100 ft ] of surface adhesion to the substrate. Should rain or snow interrupt the
area on a smooth substrate yields a dry-film thickness of 1.5 6 application after at least one coat of material has been applied,
0.1 mm [60 6 5 mils] using materials that are 100 % solids. the manufacturer’s instructions should be followed pertaining
Theproductsdescribedbythisguidearemarketedbyanumber to treatment of the cured material prior to continuing applica-
of manufacturers and may have different minimum required tion.
membrane thicknesses. This guide is predicated upon a mini-
8.3 Terminations—The waterproofing system should termi-
mum dry-film thickness of 1.5 6 0.1 mm. When the solids
nate a minimum of 150 mm [6 in.] above the finish grade or
content of the waterproofing membrane is less than 100 %, the
brick ledge. Where a concrete wall is to be exposed above
coverage rate required to achieve a 1.5 mm dry-film thickness
grade, the waterproofing may be terminated no more than
is calculated by the following formula:
50 mm [2 in.] below grade. It should be recognized that the
1.5 L/m
area above the termination is vulnerable to water penetration
5 L/m (1)
% solids by volume ~expressed as a decimal!
through cracks or joints and these areas must be addressed.
8.3.1 The waterproofing system should terminate a mini-
The manufacturer’s data sheets should be consulted for the
mum of 300 mm [12 in.] below the lower floor line or on top
yield of the proposed product.
of the footing a minimum of 150 mm [6 in.] out from the wall
8.1.4 The application thickness should be monitored closely
face. The system should never be terminated above the
to ensure that the membrane is applied at the specified wet-film
drainage collection level. See Fig. 1.
thickness. The application thickness should be checked while
8.3.2 The waterproofing system should terminate a mini-
the film is still liquid with a wet-film thickness gauge or other
2 2
mum of 600 mm [24 in.] onto intersecting walls, columns, or
appropriate means. Two to three checks per 10 m [100 ft ]
counterforts. Under certain conditions, such as the intersection
should be performed. Irregular substrates should be monitored
ofaretainingwallwiththemainfoundationwall,itisdesirable
more closely and require heavier average application to main-
to provide continuous wall waterproofing prior to the place-
tain the specified minimum membrane thickness. Damage to
ment of the intersecting wall.
the membrane caused by the depth gauge must be repaired
before the membrane cures.
8.3.3 The waterproofing system on vertical walls should
8.1.5 The cured membrane should be carefully inspected for connect with below-slab waterproofing when used. When the
voids and thin spots. The membrane thickness should be
two membranes are the same material or compatible materials,
specified as the minimum allowable thickness at any point, not
they may lap each other. This may be accomplished by
as an average thickness.All defects should be repaired accord-
applying the membrane to the top of the footing prior to
ing to the manufacturer’s recommendations prior to placement
pouring the concrete wall (Fig. 1). When the two membranes
of the protection course.
do not connect but are separated by the wall, care must be
taken to ensure that the footing and wall are watertight.
8.2 Adhesion to Substrate—A liquid-applied waterproofing
Concrete additives are sometimes used for this purpose.
membrane must adhere to the substra
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