ASTM F1693-13

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Designation: F1693 − 13
Standard Guide for
Consideration of Bioremediation as an Oil Spill Response
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Method on Land
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1693; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.1.2 anaerobes—organisms that grow in the absence of air
or oxygen and do not use molecular oxygen in respiration.
1.1 The goal of this guide is to provide recommendations
for the use of biodegradation enhancing agents for remediating 2.1.3 bioaugmentation—the addition of microorganisms
oil spills in terrestrial environments.
(usuallypredominantlybacteria)toincreasethebiodegradation
rate of target pollutants.
1.2 This is a general guide only, assuming the bioremedia-
tion agent to be safe, effective, available, and applied in
2.1.4 biodegradation—chemical alteration and breakdown
accordance with both manufacturers’ recommendations and
of a substance, usually to smaller products, caused by micro-
relevantenvironmentalregulations.Asreferredtointhisguide,
organisms or their enzymes.
oil includes crude and refined petroleum products.
2.1.5 bioremediation—enhancement of biodegradation.
1.3 This guide addresses the application of bioremediation
2.1.6 bioremediation agents—inorganic and organic com-
agents alone or in conjunction with other technologies, follow-
pounds and microorganisms that are added to enhance degra-
ing spills on surface terrestrial environments.
dation processes, predominantly microbial.
1.4 This guide does not consider the ecological effects of
2.1.7 biostimulation—the addition of microbial nutrients,
bioremediation agents.
oxygen, heat, or water, or some combination thereof, to
1.5 This guide applies to all terrestrial environments.
enhance the rate of biodegradation of target pollutants by
Specifically, it addresses various technological applications
indigenous species (predominantly bacteria).
used in these environments.
2.1.8 ecosystem—organisms and the surrounding environ-
1.6 In making bioremediation-use decisions, appropriate
ment combined in a community that is self-supporting.
government authorities must be consulted as required by law.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide remediation
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
managers and spill response teams with guidance on bioreme-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
diation.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. In addition, it is the
responsibility of the user to ensure that such activity takes
3.2 Bioremediation is one of many available tools and may
place under the control and direction of a qualified person with not be applicable to all situations. This guide can be used in
full knowledge of any potential or appropriate safety and
conjunction with other ASTM guides addressing oil spill
health protocols. response operations as well as options other than bioremedia-
tion.
2. Terminology
4. General Considerations for Bioremediation Use
2.1 Definitions:
2.1.1 aerobes—organisms that require air or free oxygen for
4.1 Bioremediation technologies attempt to accelerate the
growth.
natural rate of biodegradation. In situ, solid-phase, and slurry-
phase represent the major bioremediation technologies used.
Thesetechnologiesmaybeunnecessaryinthosecasesinwhich
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
the natural rate of biodegradation suffices. The use of adequate
Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F20.13 on Treatment.
controlsinpreliminaryfieldstudies,ortheresultsofpreviously
Current edition approved April 1, 2013. Published May 2013. Originally
reported studies, will assist in determining the extent to which
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F1693 – 96 (2003)
microorganism or nutrient amendments, or both, are necessary
which was withdrawn July 2012 and reinstated inApril 2013. DOI: 10.1520/F1693-
13. to obtain the desired rate of degradation.
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F1693 − 13
4.2 Bioremediation performance depends on the efficiency heat, or water, which may have been limiting factors. If
of the petroleum hydrocarbon degrading indigenous microor- microbial degraders of the target oil contaminants are present
ganisms or bioaugmentation agents. Perf
...