ASTM A727/A727M-14(2019)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:A727/A727M −14 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Specification for
Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Components with Inherent
Notch Toughness
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA727/A727M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
2 Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This specification covers forged carbon steel piping
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
components intended primarily for service in pressure piping
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
systems from −20 to +650 °F [−30 to +345 °C] where inherent
notch toughness is desired, but where notch toughness testing
2. Referenced Documents
is not required. Included are forged or ring-rolled flanges,
2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed in
forged fittings, and valves made to specified dimensions, or to
Specification A961/A961M, the following list of standards
dimensional standards such as the ASME and API specifica-
apply to this specification.
tions referenced in Section 2.
2.2 ASTM Standards:
1.2 This specification is limited to forgings with maximum
A350/A350MSpecificationforCarbonandLow-AlloySteel
finished section thicknesses no larger than 2 in. [51 mm].
Forgings, Requiring Notch Toughness Testing for Piping
1.3 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to deter-
Components
mine whether material meeting the requirements of this speci-
A788/A788MSpecification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
fication is satisfactory for the service application.
quirements
1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when A961/A961MSpecification for Common Requirements for
additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply
Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for
only when specified by the purchaser in the order. Piping Applications
E59Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination
NOTE 1—There are no provisions for impact testing in this specifica-
of Chemical Composition (Withdrawn 1996)
tion.Whenimpacttestingisrequired,refertoSpecificationA350/A350M.
2.3 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes:
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
Section II, Material Specifications, Part C
and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the
SFA5.5Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes
applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-
B16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
B16.10Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Fer-
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
rous Valves
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
B16.11ForgedSteelFittings,Socket-WeldingandThreaded
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
B16.30Unfired Pressure Vessel Flange Dimensions
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system 6
2.4 API Standards:
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
600Steel Gate Valves with Flanged or Butt-Welding Ends
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
602 CompactDesignCarbonSteelGateValvesforRefinery
standard.
Use
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee the ASTM website.
A01.22onSteelForgingsandWroughtFittingsforPipingApplicationsandBolting The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. www.astm.org.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as A727/A727M–14. International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
DOI: 10.1520/A0727_A0727M-14R19. www.asme.org.
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,
cation SA-727 in Section II of that Code. Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://api-ec.api.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A727/A727M−14 (2019)
605Large Diameter Carbon Steel Flanges min/25 mm] of maximum section thickness, with minimum
holding time at tempering temperature not less than 30 min.
2.5 MSS Standard:
MSS SP-25Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings,
6. Chemical Composition
Flanges, and Unions
6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to
3. General Requirements and Ordering Information
chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
3.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to
6.2 Steels to which lead has been added shall not be used.
the requirements of Specification A961/A961M, including any
supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase
7. Mechanical Requirements
order.FailuretocomplywiththerequirementsofSpecification
7.1 Tension Tests:
A961/A961M constitutes nonconformance with this specifica-
7.1.1 Requirements—The material shall conform to require-
tion. In case of a conflict between the requirements of this
ments for tensile properties prescribed in Table 2.
specificationandSpecificationA961/A961M,thisspecification
7.1.1.1 The test specimen shall be obtained from a rough or
shall prevail.
finished production forging, or prolongation thereof, or it may
3.2 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the
be obtained from separately forged test blanks from the same
purchase order all ordering information necessary to purchase
heat of steel as the production forging. The test blank shall be
the needed material. Examples of such information include but
reduced by forging in a manner similar to that for the products
are not limited to the following:
represented, shall receive approximately the same hot working
3.2.1 Additional requirements (see 16.1).
and reduction, be of the same nominal thickness, and receive
the same heat treatment as the finished products represented.
4. Materials and Manufacture
The test material shall be treated in the same furnace at the
same time as the forging it represents, subject to the require-
4.1 The steel shall be made by one or more of the following
ments of 7.1.2.1.
processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace, and
shall be fully killed, fine-grain practice.
4.2 Forgings shall be manufactured from ingots, blooms,
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
billets, slabs, or bars. These items shall be forged, rolled, or
strandcast. Elements Composition, %
Carbon
4.3 A sufficient discard shall be made from the ingot to
Heat Analysis 0.25 max
secure freedom from injurious piping and undue segregation.
Product Analysis 0.28 max
Manganese
4.4 Thefinishedproductshallbeaforgingasdefinedbythe
Heat Analysis 0.90 to 1.35
Terminology section of Specification A788/A788M.
Product Analysis 0.84 to 1.41
Phosphorus
Heat Analysis 0.035 max
5. Heat Treatment
Product Analysis 0.043 max
Sulfur
5.1 Following plastic working, the forging manufacturer
Heat Analysis 0.025 max
shallheattreattheforgingsbynormalizing,ornormalizingand
Product Analysis 0.033 max
tempering, or quenching and tempering. Silicon
Heat Analysis 0.15 to 0.30
5.1.1 Normalizing—The procedure for normalizing shall
Product Analysis 0.13 to 0.32
consist of uniformly heating the forgings to a temperature
Nickel
A
between 1550 and 1700 °F [845 and 925 °C], holding a
Heat Analysis 0.40
Product Analysis 0.43
sufficient time to attain uniform temperature throughout, and
Chromium
cooling in still air.The forging shall be at a temperature below A,B
Heat Analysis 0.30
1000 °F [540 °C] before heating for normalizing.
Product Analysis 0.34
Molybdenum
5.1.2 Quenching—The procedure for quenching shall con-
A,B
Heat Analysis 0.12
sist of uniformly heating the forging to a temperature between
Product Analysis 0.13
1550 and 1700 °F [845 and 925 °C], holding a sufficient time Copper
A
Heat Analysis 0.40
toattainuniformtemperaturethroughout,andquenchingintoa
Product Analysis 0.43
suitable liquid medium. The forging shall be at a temperature C
Niobium (Nb)
below 1000 °F [540 °C] before heating for quenching. Heat Analysis 0.02
Product Analysis 0.03
5.1.3 Tempering—Theprocedurefortemperingshallconsist
V
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