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ASTM C1340-04

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Estimation of Heat Gain or Loss Through Ceilings Under Attics Containing Radiant Barriers by Use of a Computer Program

Standard Practice for Estimation of Heat Gain or Loss Through Ceilings Under Attics Containing Radiant Barriers by Use of a Computer Program

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Manufacturers of radiant barriers express the performance of their products in terms of the total hemispherical emittance. The purpose of a radiant barrier is to decrease the radiation heat transfer across the attic air space, and hence, to decrease the heat loss or gain through the ceiling below the attic. The amount of decrease in heat flow will depend upon a number of factors, such as weather conditions, amount of mass or reflective insulation in the attic, solar absorptance of the roof, geometry of the attic and roof, and amount and type of attic ventilation. Because of the infinite combinations of these factors, it is not practical to publish data for each possible case.
The calculation of heat loss or gain of a system containing radiant barriers is mathematically complex, and because of the iterative nature of the method, it is best handled by computers.
Computers are now widely available to most producers and consumers of radiant barriers to permit the use of this practice.
The user of this practice may wish to modify the data input to represent accurately the structure. The computer program also may be modified to meet individual needs. Also, additional calculations may be desired, for example, to sum the hourly heat flows in some fashion to obtain estimates of seasonal or annual energy usages. This might be done using the hourly data as inputs to a whole-house model, and by choosing house balance points to use as cutoff points in the summations.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the estimation of heat gain or loss through ceilings under attics containing radiant barriers by use of a computer program. The computer program included as an adjunct to this practice provides a calculational procedure for estimating the heat loss or gain through the ceiling under an attic containing a truss or rafter mounted radiant barrier. The program also is applicable to the estimation of heat loss or gain through ceilings under an attic without a radiant barrier. This procedure utilizes hour-by-hour weather data to estimate the hour-by-hour ceiling heat flows. The interior of the house below the ceiling is assumed to be maintained at a constant temperature. At present, the procedure is applicable to sloped-roof attics with rectangular floor plans having an unshaded gabled roof and a horizontal ceiling. It is not applicable to structures with flat roofs, vaulted ceilings, or cathedral ceilings. The calculational accuracy also is limited by the quality of physical property data for the construction materials, principally the insulation and the radiant barrier, and by the quality of the weather data.
1.2 Under some circumstances, interactions between radiant barriers and HVAC ducts in attics can have a significant effect on the thermal performance of a building. Ducts are included in an extension of the computer model given in the appendix.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2004
ICS
91.120.10 - Thermal insulation of buildings
Technical Committee
C16 - Thermal Insulation
Drafting Committee
C16.21 - Reflective Insulation
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C1340-99 - Standard Practice for Estimation of Heat Gain or Loss Through Ceilings Under Attics Containing Radiant Barriers by Use of a Computer Program
Effective Date
01-Sep-2004
Replaced By
ASTM C1340/C1340M-10 - Standard Practice for Estimation of Heat Gain or Loss Through Ceilings Under Attics Containing Radiant Barriers by Use of a Computer Program
Effective Date
01-Jun-2010

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ASTM C1340-04 - Standard Practice for Estimation of Heat Gain or Loss Through Ceilings Under Attics Containing Radiant Barriers by Use of a Computer ProgramASTM C1340-04 - Standard Practice for Estimation of Heat Gain or Loss Through Ceilings Under Attics Containing Radiant Barriers by Use of a Computer Program
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ASTM C1340-04 - Standard Practice for Estimation of Heat Gain or Loss Through Ceilings Under Attics Containing Radiant Barriers by Use of a Computer Program
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C1340 – 04
Standard Practice for
Estimation of Heat Gain or Loss Through Ceilings Under
Attics Containing Radiant Barriers by Use of a Computer
1
Program
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1340; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope X3.5 Flow Chart Symbols and Their Usage in Information
3
Processing
1.1 This practice covers the estimation of heat gain or loss
3
X3.9 Standard for Fortran Programming Language
through ceilings under attics containing radiant barriers by use
2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:
of a computer program. The computer program included as an
Computer Program for Estimation of Heat Gain or Loss
adjunct to this practice provides a calculational procedure for
through Ceilings Under Attics Containing Radiant Barri-
estimating the heat loss or gain through the ceiling under an
4
ers
attic containing a truss or rafter mounted radiant barrier. The
programalsoisapplicabletotheestimationofheatlossorgain
3. Terminology
through ceilings under an attic without a radiant barrier. This
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this prac-
procedure utilizes hour-by-hour weather data to estimate the
tice, refer to Terminology C168.
hour-by-hour ceiling heat flows. The interior of the house
3.2 Symbols—Symbols will be introduced and defined in
below the ceiling is assumed to be maintained at a constant
the detailed description of the development.
temperature.At present, the procedure is applicable to sloped-
roof attics with rectangular floor plans having an unshaded
4. Summary of Practice
gabled roof and a horizontal ceiling. It is not applicable to
4.1 The procedures used in this practice are based on the
structureswithflatroofs,vaultedceilings,orcathedralceilings.
thermal response factor method for calculating dynamic heat
The calculational accuracy also is limited by the quality of
5
conductionthroughmultilayerslabs (1,2), alongwithamodel
physical property data for the construction materials, princi-
for convective and radiative heat exchanges inside and outside
pally the insulation and the radiant barrier, and by the quality
the attic.
of the weather data.
4.2 The operation of the computer program involves the
1.2 Undersomecircumstances,interactionsbetweenradiant
following steps:
barriers and HVAC ducts in attics can have a significant effect
4.2.1 Response Factors—A separate computer program
onthethermalperformanceofabuilding.Ductsareincludedin
must be used to calculate the thermal response factors of the
an extension of the computer model given in the appendix.
solid materials surrounding the attic. Input to this program
1.3 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
would consist of the thermal conductivity, specific heat,
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
density,andthicknessofeachlayer,orthethermalresistanceof
information only.
the layer if it has negligible density, and the fraction of the
cross-sectional area occupied by the framing. Output of such a
2. Referenced Documents
2
program would be a set of response factors for use as input to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the main program. The adjunct to this practice contains data
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
files with response factors for several typical attic construc-
2.2 ANSI Standards:
tions.
4.2.2 DataInputtotheMainProgram—Thisinputincludes
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal
the response factors, total hemispherical emittances of the
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.21 on Reflective
Insulation.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originally
3
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C1340–99. Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from ASTM Headquarters. Request Adjunct: ADJC1340.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
the ASTM website. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1340 – 04
inside and outside surfaces of the attic envelope, solar absorp- 6.1.1.3 The solar absorptance of the exterior surfaces of the
tances of the outside surfaces of the attic envelope, le
...

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1.3 This practice recommends standard conditions for use in testing and evaluating thermal properties as a function of temperature by standard test methods.  
1.4 General applications of thermal insulations include:  
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Standard Practice for Measurement of the Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties of Small Specimens Using the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus

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5.1 Thermal conductivity measurements on small insulation specimens are important during new product development processes or when larger specimens cannot be collected during forensic investigation (that is, failure analysis) (1, 2).  
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4.1 This test method details the calibration and testing procedures and necessary additional temperature instrumentation required in applying Test Method C1363 to measure the thermal transmittance of fenestration systems mounted vertically in the thermal chamber.  
4.2 The thermal transmittance of a test specimen is affected by its size and three-dimensional geometry. Care must be exercised when extrapolating to product sizes smaller or larger than the test specimen. Therefore, it is recommended that fenestration systems be tested at the recommended sizes specified in Practice E1423 or NFRC 100.  
4.3 Since both temperature and surface heat transfer coefficient conditions affect results, use of recommended conditions will assist in reducing confusion caused by comparing results of tests performed under dissimilar conditions. Standardized test conditions for determining the thermal transmittance of fenestration systems are specified in Practice E1423 and Section 6.2. The performance of a test specimen measured at standardized test conditions is potentially different than the performance of the same fenestration product when installed in the wall of a building located outdoors. Standardized test conditions often represent extreme summer or winter design conditions, which are potentially different than the average conditions typically experienced by a fenestration product installed in an exterior wall. For the purpose of comparison, it is essential to calibrate with surface heat transfer coefficients on the Calibration Transfer Standard (CTS) which are as close as possible to the conventionally accepted values for building design; however, this procedure can be used at other conditions for research purposes or product development.  
4.4 Similarly, it would be desirable to have a surround panel that closely duplicates the actual wall where the fenestration system would be installed. Since there are such a wide variety of fenestration system openings in North American...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers requirements and guidelines and specifies calibration procedures required for the measurement of the steady-state thermal transmittance of fenestration systems installed vertically in the test chamber. This test method specifies the necessary measurements to be made using measurement systems conforming to Test Method C1363 for determination of fenestration system thermal transmittance.  
Note 1: This test method allows the testing of projecting fenestration products (that is, garden windows, skylights, and roof windows) installed vertically in a surround panel. Current research on skylights, roof windows, and projecting products hopefully will provide additional information that can be added to the next version of this test method so that skylight and roof windows can be tested horizontally or at some angle typical of a sloping roof.  
1.2 This test method refers to the thermal transmittance, U of a fenestration system installed vertically in the absence of solar radiation and air leakage effects.
Note 2: The methods described in this document may also be adapted for use in determining the thermal transmittance of sections of building wall, and roof and floor assemblies containing thermal anomalies, which are smaller than the hot box metering area.  
1.3 This test method describes how to determine the thermal transmittance, US of a fenestration product (also called test specimen) at well-defined environmental conditions. The thermal transmittance is also a reported test result from Test Method C1363. If only the thermal transmittance is reported using this test method, the test report must also include a detailed description of the environmental conditions in the thermal chamber during the test as outlined in 10.1.14.  
1.4 For rating purposes, this test method also describes how to calculate a standardized thermal transmittance,  UST, which can be used to compare test results from labor...

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ASTM
ASTM C1155-95(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining Thermal Resistance of Building Envelope Components from the In-Situ Data

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Significance of Thermal Resistance Measurements—Knowledge of the thermal resistance of new buildings is important to determine whether the quality of construction satisfies criteria set by the designer, by the owner, or by a regulatory agency. Differences in quality of materials or workmanship may cause building components not to achieve design performance.  
5.1.1 For Existing Buildings—Knowledge of thermal resistance is important to the owners of older buildings to determine whether the buildings should receive insulation or other energy-conserving improvements. Inadequate knowledge of the thermal properties of materials or heat flow paths within the construction or degradation of materials may cause inaccurate assumptions in calculations that use published data.  
5.2 Advantage of In-Situ Data—This practice provides information about thermal performance that is based on measured data. This may determine the quality of new construction for acceptance by the owner or occupant or it may provide justification for an energy conservation investment that could not be made based on calculations using published design data.  
5.3 Heat Flow Paths—This practice assumes that net heat flow is perpendicular to the surface of the building envelope component within a given subsection. Knowledge of surface temperature in the area subject to measurement is required for placing sensors appropriately. Appropriate use of infrared thermography is often used to obtain such information. Thermography reveals nonuniform surface temperatures caused by structural members, convection currents, air leakage, and moisture in insulation. Practices C1060 and C1153 detail the appropriate use of infrared thermography. Note that thermography as a basis for extrapolating the results obtained at a measurement site to other similar parts of the same building is beyond the scope of this practice.  
5.4 User Knowledge Required—This practice requires that the user have knowledge that the data empl...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers how to obtain and use data from in-situ measurement of temperatures and heat fluxes on building envelopes to compute thermal resistance. Thermal resistance is defined in Terminology C168 in terms of steady-state conditions only. This practice provides an estimate of that value for the range of temperatures encountered during the measurement of temperatures and heat flux.  
1.2 This practice presents two specific techniques, the summation technique and the sum of least squares technique, and permits the use of other techniques that have been properly validated. This practice provides a means for estimating the mean temperature of the building component for estimating the dependence of measured R-value on temperature for the summation technique. The sum of least squares technique produces a calculation of thermal resistance which is a function of mean temperature.  
1.3 Each thermal resistance calculation applies to a subsection of the building envelope component that was instrumented. Each calculation applies to temperature conditions similar to those of the measurement. The calculation of thermal resistance from in-situ data represents in-service conditions. However, field measurements of temperature and heat flux may not achieve the accuracy obtainable in laboratory apparatuses.  
1.4 This practice permits calculation of thermal resistance on portions of a building envelope that have been properly instrumented with temperature and heat flux sensing instruments. The size of sensors and construction of the building component determine how many sensors shall be used and where they should be placed. Because of the variety of possible construction types, sensor placement and subsequent data analysis require the demonstrated good judgement of the user.  
1.5 Each calculation pertains only to a defined subsection of the building envelope. Combining results from different subsections to characterize...

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ASTM
ASTM C1340/C1340M-10(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Estimation of Heat Gain or Loss Through Ceilings Under Attics Containing Radiant Barriers by Use of a Computer Program

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Manufacturers of radiant barriers express the performance of their products in terms of the total hemispherical emittance. The purpose of a radiant barrier is to decrease the radiation heat transfer across the attic air space, and hence, to decrease the heat loss or gain through the ceiling below the attic. The amount of decrease in heat flow will depend upon a number of factors, such as weather conditions, amount of mass or reflective insulation in the attic, solar absorptance of the roof, geometry of the attic and roof, and amount and type of attic ventilation. Because of the infinite combinations of these factors, it is not practical to publish data for each possible case.  
5.2 The calculation of heat loss or gain of a system containing radiant barriers is mathematically complex, and because of the iterative nature of the method, it is best handled by computers.  
5.3 Computers are now widely available to most producers and consumers of radiant barriers to permit the use of this practice.  
5.4 The user of this practice may wish to modify the data input to represent accurately the structure. The computer program also may be modified to meet individual needs. Also, additional calculations may be desired, for example, to sum the hourly heat flows in some fashion to obtain estimates of seasonal or annual energy usages. This might be done using the hourly data as inputs to a whole-house model, and by choosing house balance points to use as cutoff points in the summations.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the estimation of heat gain or loss through ceilings under attics containing radiant barriers by use of a computer program. The computer program included as an adjunct to this practice provides a calculational procedure for estimating the heat loss or gain through the ceiling under an attic containing a truss or rafter mounted radiant barrier. The program also is applicable to the estimation of heat loss or gain through ceilings under an attic without a radiant barrier. This procedure utilizes hour-by-hour weather data to estimate the hour-by-hour ceiling heat flows. The interior of the house below the ceiling is assumed to be maintained at a constant temperature. At present, the procedure is applicable to sloped-roof attics with rectangular floor plans having an unshaded gabled roof and a horizontal ceiling. It is not applicable to structures with flat roofs, vaulted ceilings, or cathedral ceilings. The calculational accuracy also is limited by the quality of physical property data for the construction materials, principally the insulation and the radiant barrier, and by the quality of the weather data.  
1.2 Under some circumstances, interactions between radiant barriers and HVAC ducts in attics can have a significant effect on the thermal performance of a building. Ducts are included in an extension of the computer model given in the appendix.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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