ASTM D2941-00(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Break Pattern of Leather (Break Scale)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Break Pattern of Leather (Break Scale)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Break depends on the fiber structure and on the relation between the grain and other strata of the leather. A fine break, or a grain pattern which shows many fine wrinkles when it is bent to form a concave surface, as it is in the vamp of a shoe, reflects favorably upon appearance and serviceability. A coarse break, on the other hand, where a few coarse wrinkles are formed on bending the grain to form a concave surface may indicate that the grain layer is separating from the corium or main stratum as in pipey leather. Shoes made from fine-break leather are more attractive and tend to wear longer than shoes made from coarse-break leather. (See MIL-STD 663 and the ALCA Journal).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the break pattern of shoe upper leather using an arbitrary break scale. This test method does not apply to wet blue.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2941 − 00 (Reapproved2008)
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Break Pattern of Leather (Break Scale)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2941; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope or a grain pattern which shows many fine wrinkles when it is
bent to form a concave surface, as it is in the vamp of a shoe,
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the break
reflects favorably upon appearance and serviceability.Acoarse
pattern of shoe upper leather using an arbitrary break scale.
break, on the other hand, where a few coarse wrinkles are
This test method does not apply to wet blue.
formed on bending the grain to form a concave surface may
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
indicate that the grain layer is separating from the corium or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
main stratum as in pipey leather. Shoes made from fine-break
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
leather are more attractive and tend to wear longer than shoes
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
made from coarse-break leather. (See MIL-STD 663 and the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4
ALCA Journal).
5,6
2. Referenced Documents
5. Apparatus
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Satra Mandrel, consisting of two windows or hollows.
D1517 Terminology Relating to Leather
3 5.2 Satra Visual Break Scale, consisting of eight levels of
2.2 MIL Standard:
break ranging from 1, fine, to 8, coarse.
MIL-STD 663 Visual Inspection Guide for Footwear Upper
Leather
6. Test Specimen
3. Terminology 6.1 The sample for the test should be taken from an agreed
area of the hide, and shall be a piece of leather 2 by 4 in. (51
3.1 Definitions:
by 102 mm) with the long dimension perpendicular to the
3.1.1 break (of leather)—the pattern of wrinkles formed on
backbone; or a cut shoe part.
the grain surface of upper leather when it is bent grain in to
form a concave surface. This characteristic is observed in the 6.2 Unless otherwise specified, one specimen shall be tested
vamp of the shoe in walking. For this reason this test method from each sample.
is primarily intended for evaluation of cut parts.
7. Procedure
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
7.1 With long dimension of the specimen parallel to the
refer to Terminology D1517.
length of the mandrel, bend it with thumb and fingers to bring
it into contact with the outside of the mandrel, and observe the
4. Significance and Use
wrinkles through the windows.
4.1 Break depends on the fiber structure and on the relation
between the grain and other strata of the leather. A fine break, 7.2 Compare the wrinkle pattern of the specimen with those
of the Satra break scale.
7.3 The specimen should be rated to the nearest ⁄2-grade,
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.03 on Footwear . This test
that is, if it appears that the break is better than 4 but not as
method was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn.
(Standard Method E64 – 1972).
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published December 2004. Originally Bailey, M
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2941–00 (Reapproved 2004) Designation: D 2941 – 00 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Break Pattern of Leather (Break Scale)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2941; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the break pattern of shoe upper leather using an arbitrary break scale. This test
method does not apply to wet blue.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1517 Terminology Relating to Leather
2.2 MIL Standard:
MIL-STD 663 Visual Inspection Guide for Footwear Upper Leather
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 break (of leather)—the pattern of wrinkles formed on the grain surface of upper leather when it is bent grain in to form
a concave surface. This characteristic is observed in the vamp of the shoe in walking. For this reason this test method is primarily
intended for evaluation of cut parts.
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D 1517.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Break depends on the fiber structure and on the relation between the grain and other strata of the leather. A fine break, or
a grain pattern which shows many fine wrinkles when it is bent to form a concave surface, as it is in the vamp of a shoe, reflects
favorably upon appearance and serviceability. A coarse break, on the other hand, where a few coarse wrinkles are formed on
bending the grain to form a concave surface may indicate that the grain layer is separating from the corium or main stratum as
inpipeyleather.Shoesmadefromfine-breakleatheraremoreattractiveandtendtowearlongerthanshoesmadefromcoarse-break
leather. (See MIL-STD 663 and the ALCA Journal).
,
5 6
5. Apparatus
5.1 Satra Mandrel, consisting of two windows or hollows.
5.2 Satra Visual Break Scale, consisting of eight levels of break ranging from 1, fine, to 8, coarse.
6. Test Specimen
6.1 The sample for the test should be taken from an agreed area of the hide, and shall be a piece of leather 2 by 4 in. (51 by
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leather and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.03 on Footwear. This test method
was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn. (Standard Method E 64 – 1972).
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004.2008. Published SeptemberDecember 2004. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 20002004 as
D 2941 – 00(2004).
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Standardization Documents Ord
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2941–73(Reapproved1997) Designation: D 2941 – 00 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Break Pattern of Leather (Break Scale)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2941; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1This test method covers the measurement of the break pattern of shoe upper leather using an arbitrary break scale.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the break pattern of shoe upper leather using an arbitrary break scale. This test
method does not apply to wet blue.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1517Definitions of Terms Relating to Leather Terminology Relating to Leather
2.2 MIL Standard:
MIL-STD 663 Visual Inspection Guide for Footwear Upper Leather
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 break (of leather)—the pattern of wrinkles formed on the grain surface of upper leather when it is bent grain in to form
a concave surface. This characteristic is observed in the vamp of the shoe in walking. For this reason this test method is primarily
intended for evaluation of cut parts.
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method, refer to DefinitionsTerminology D 1517.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Break depends on the fiber structure and on the relation between the grain and other strata of the leather. A fine break, or
a grain pattern which shows many fine wrinkles when it is bent to form a concave surface, as it is in the vamp of a shoe, reflects
favorably upon appearance and serviceability. A coarse break, on the other hand, where a few coarse wrinkles are formed on
bending the grain to form a concave surface may indicate that the grain layer is separating from the corium or main stratum as
inpipeyleather.Shoesmadefromfine-breakleatheraremoreattractiveandtendtowearlongerthanshoesmadefromcoarse-break
leather. (See MIL-STD 663 and the ALCA Journal).
5,6
5. Apparatus
5.1 Satra Mandrel, consisting of two windows or hollows.
5.2 Satra Visual Break Scale, consisting of eight levels of break ranging from 1, fine, to 8, coarse.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D-31D31 on Leather and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.03 on Footware.Footwear.This
test method was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn. (Standard Method E 64 – 1972).
CurrenteditionapprovedMay28,1973.Sept.1,2008.PublishedJune1973.December2004.OriginallypublishedasD2941–70T.approvedin1970.Lastpreviousedition
D2941 – 70 T.approved in 2004 as D 2941 – 00(2004).
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 15.04.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave.
...
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